Modern Stream of Consciuosness in A Rose for Emily
外教社2024新编英国文学史教程 Unit 13 PPT课件
characterized by complex structures, innovative language, and deep engagement with themes of identity and selfhood.
3. Influence of Philosophical Thoughts: Drawing on theories from thinkers like Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, and Heidegger, who explored the nature of human existence and the forces shaping consciousness.
Key Words
Alienation
Definition:
Alienation in modernist literature is the portrayal of characters' feelings of isolation, disconnection, and estrangement from society, other people, or their own selves, often as a reflection of the authors' own experiences and the broader social context.
always immediately recognized by the characters. Choose a story from the collection and discuss the significance of the epiphany in that story. How does this moment of realization contribute to the character's development and the reader's understanding of their inner life?
Stream of consciousness
Writers and their works
French writer, Edouard Dujardin, wrote a short novel Les Laurviers sont coupés (The Laurels Have Been Cut) 法国作家埃杜阿· 杜雅尔丹（1861～1949） 发 表了小说《被砍倒的月桂树》
Other factors
Henri Bergson Sigmund Freud
William James felt that experience flowed together, and each element of it affected the other. In expressing experience in literature, Woolf felt we needed to capture to capture this flow. She wrote what capture the “sense impression” — our sense of smell, sound, touch, hearing —i. e. what we experienced.
Stream of consciousness
“Stream of consciousness” is the name applied specifically to the mode of narration that undertakes to reproduce the full spectrum and continuous flow of a character’s mental process, in which sense perceptions mingle with conscious and halfconscious thoughts, memories, expectations, feelings, and random associations.
The Concerto of Conscious Choices
**The Concerto of Conscious Choices**In the grand symphony of life, the Concerto of Conscious Choices plays a crucial melody, shaping the course of our destinies and coloring the canvas of our existence. This concerto is not merely a sequence of random decisions but a harmonious composition of deliberate, purposeful acts that define who we are and where we are headed.Throughout history, notable figures have demonstrated the power of conscious choices. Nelson Mandela, for instance, made the conscious choice to fight against apartheid in South Africa, despite facing imprisonment and immense hardships. His unwavering commitment and determination stemmed from a clear understanding of justice and equality, a choice that not only transformed his own life but also brought about a seismic shift in the social fabric of his country.In ancient philosophy, Aristotle emphasized the importance of virtuous choices, arguing that a life well-lived is one filled with deliberate decisions that align with moral and ethical principles. His teachings provide a timeless framework for making conscious choices that lead to a fulfilling and meaningful life.Religious scriptures also offer guidance on the significance of choice. In the story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, the act of choosing between obedience and temptation set in motion a chain of events with profound consequences. This narrative serves as a reminder of the weight and responsibility that accompany our choices.In modern society, the decision of a scientist to dedicate their life to finding a cure for a deadly disease is a conscious choice driven by a sense of compassion and the desire to make a positive impact on humanity. Similarly, an entrepreneur who decides to build a sustainable business, despite the challenges and risks, is making a choice that reflects a vision for a better future.Consider the story of an individual who, after years of working in a high-paying but unfulfilling job, makes the bold choice to pursue their passion for art. This decision, though it may involve financial uncertainties, is based on a deep awareness of personal fulfillment and the value of creative expression.Conscious choices are not always easy; they often require us to step out of our comfort zones and confront our fears and doubts. However, it is these very choices that have the potential to unlock our true potential and lead us towards a life of authenticity and purpose.In conclusion, the Concerto of Conscious Choices is a celebration of the human ability to exercise free will and make decisions that shape our lives for the better. It is a call to be vigilant, reflective, and intentional in our choices, as they are the notes that compose the beautiful melody of our lives. Let us listen closely to thisconcerto and make choices that resonate with our hearts and souls, creating a symphony of success, growth, and fulfillment.。
美国文学史术语解释
美国⽂学史术语解释Stream of consciousness（意识流）：It is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly Imagism（意象派）: It?s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing”and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Modernism（现代主义）: It is term referring to the art, poetry, literature, architecture, and philosophy of Europe and America in the early twentieth-century. In general, modernism is marked by the following characteristics: (1) the desire to break away from established traditions, (2) a quest to find fresh ways to view man's position or function in the universe, (3) experiments in form and style, particularly with fragmentation--as opposed to the "organic" theories of literary unity appearing in the Romantic and Victorian periods.The Lost generation：The term Last Generation was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American literary notables who lived in Paris from the time period which saw the end of Word War I to the beginning of the Great Depression .Significant members included Ernest Hemingway ,F.Scott Fitzgerald ,Ezra Pound ,Sherwood Anderson ,T.S .Eliot ,and Gertrude Stein herself .Hemingway likely popularized the term ,quoting Stein as epigraph to his novel ,The Sun Also Rises .More generally ,the term is being used for the young adults of Europe and America during World War I.They were“lost”because after the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to move into a settled life .The Beat Generation :The Beat Generation applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s.Essential anarchic ,member of the beat generation rejected traditional social and artistic forms.The beats sought immediate expression in multiple ,intense experiences and beatific illumination like that of some Eastern religions .In literature they adopted rhythms of simple American speech and of jazz.Among those associated with the movement were the novelist Jack Kerouac and numerous poets as Allen Ginsberg ,and Gregory Corso ,and others,many of whom worked in and around San Francisco.Harlem Renaissance: The Harlem Renaissance was a flowering of the arts in the 1920?s and 30s.African Americans used writing, music, and art to demonstrate strong beliefs.Many of these beliefs were mphasized the necessity of black liberation, retaining black cultural pride, and not giving into white standards.Especially the awareness of the black?s identity.//Harlem became the biggest hot spot in America for any aspiring African American artist. The city came alive at night as bars and clubs burst with music and dancing.//Responding to the heady intellectual atmosphere of the time and place, writers and artists, many of whom lived in Harlem, began to produce a wide variety of fine and highly original works dealing with African-American life.//These works attracted many black readers.//HR was more than just a literary movement: it included racial consciousness, …the back to Africa? movement led by Marcus Garvey, racial integration, the exploring of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues, painting, dramatic revues, and others. It was a huge leap for black liberation and culture.Black Humor: In literature ,is drama ,novel ,and film ,grotesque or morbid humor used toabsurdity,insensitivity,paradox ,and cruelty of modern world.Ordinary characters or situations are usually exaggerated far beyond the limits of normal satire or irony.Black humor uses devices often associated with tragedy and is sometimes equated with tragic farce .The novels of such writers as Kurt V onnegut ,Thomas Pynchon ,John Barth ,Joseph Heller ,and Philip Roth contain elements of black humor.Iceberg Principle:It is a term used to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The meaning of a piece is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. Southern Renaissanceb:1) In the 20th century, southern literature became not only distinguished but very diverse, yet it has often root its works in the south 2)By 1920s’, a literary movement known as the southern Renaissance emerged. There was a domination of southern literature for at least 4 decades in American Literature. Magic realism :It is a kind of modern fiction in which fabulous and fantastical events are included in a narrative that otherwise maintains the German fiction of the early 1950s ,but is now associated chiefly with certain leading novelties of Central and south American .The term has also been extended to works from very different cultures ,designating a tendency of the modern novel to reach beyond the confines of realism and draw upon the energies of fable ,folktale and myth while retaining a strong contemporary social relevance .Jazz age: The Jazz age describes the period from 1918-1929; the years after the end of WWI, continuing through the Roaring Twenties and ending with the rise of the Great Depression.The traditional values of the previous period saw great decline while the American stock market soared. The focus of the elements of the Jazz Age, in some contrast with the Roaring Twenties, in historical and cultural studies, are somewhat different, with a greater emphasis on all Modernism. The age takes its name from jazz, which saw a tremendous surge in popularity among many segments of society. Among the prominent concerns and trends of the period are the public embrace of technological developments (typically seen as progress)-cars, air travel and the telephone, as well as new modernist trends in social behavior, the arts, and culture.Feminism: It is the belief that women should have equal political, social, sexual, intellectual and economic rights to men. It involves various movements, theories, and philosophies, all concerned with issues of gender difference, that advocate equality for women and that campaign for women's rights and interests. Feminism has altered predominant perspectives in a wide range of areas within Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's legal rights ; for women's right to bodily integrity and autonomy, for abortion rights, and for reproductive rights ; for protection from domestic violence, sexual harassment and rape;for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay; and against other forms of discriminationCode hero: The Hemingway hero is an average man of decidedly masculine tastes, sensitive and intelligent, a man of action, and one of few words. That is an individualist keeping emotions under control, stoic and self-disciplined in a dreadful place. These people are usually spiritual strong, people of certain skills, and most of them encounter death many times. The heroes in his book are all have something in common which Hemingway values: they have seen the cold world and for one cause or another, they boldly and courageously face the reality; whatever the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. The Hemingway code hero has an indestructible spirit for his optimistic view of life, though he is pessimistic that is Hemingway.。
The 20th Century 20世纪文学
• Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-ofconsciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson, Ulysses by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway by Woolf. Modernist novels came to a decline in the 1930s. After the Second World War, modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism. But it was reflected mainly in drama.
vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. • (c) Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. (d) Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. (e) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition. (f) Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.
英美文学期末复习资料+所有作家作品流派总结442
一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗，史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society fromwhich it originated.Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.Twoof the most famous epics of Western civilization are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.The great epic of the Middle Ages is The DivineComedy（神曲）by the Italian poet Dante.The two most famous English epics are the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton'sParadise Lost,which employ some of the conventions of the classical epic.2.Naturalism自然主义（文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨）Naturalism is a term of literary history,primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the dramaduring the final thirdof the19th century,although it is also applied to similar movements or groups of writers in other countries in the later decades ofthe19th and early years of the20th cents.In France Emile Zola(1840-1902)was the dominant practitioner(习艺者，专业人员)of Naturalism in prose fiction and the chief exponent（鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者；能手，大师）of its doctrines.The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical（彻底的）break with Realism,rather the new style is a logicalextension of it.Broadly speaking,Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion thathuman life is strictly subjected to natural laws.The Naturalists shared with the earlier Realists the conviction that the everydaylife of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment. Emphasis was laid onthe influence of the material and economic environment on behavior,and on the determining effects of physical and hereditaryfactors in forming the individual temperament.Famous American Naturalistic writers would include Jack London,Stephen Craneand Frank Norris,who were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's evolution theory which believe that one's heredity and socialsituation limit one's character.3.Modernism现代派（盛行于20世纪的文学风格）Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts,originating about the end of the19thcentury and prosperity in the20th century.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and illrelationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.The modernist writers concentratemore on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the innerbeing of an individual.In their writings,the past,the present and the future are mingled（混合）together and exist at the sametime in the consciousness of an individual.4.Transcendentalism超验主义It was a reaction to the18th century Newtonian concept of the universe.The major features of New EnglandTranscendentalism can be summarized as follows:1.The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul,as themost important thing in the universe.2.The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.To them the individualwas the most important element of society.3.The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spiritor God.Nature was,to them,not purely matter.It was alive,filled with God's overwhelming presence.I.Major Literary Terms in The Anglo-Norman Period1.Romance:Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles betweengood characters and villains or monsters.Originally,the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures ofkings and queens,knights and ladies,and including unlikely or supernatural happenings.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is thebest of the medieval romances.John Keats's The Eve of St.Agnes is one of the greatest metrical（格律）romances ever written.2.Ballad（民谣，叙事歌谣）:A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung.In many centuries,the folk ballad was one of theearliest forms of literature.Folk ballads have no known authors.They were transmitted orally from generation to generation andwere not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung.The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everydaylife of the common people.The most popular subjects,often tragic,are disappointed love,jealousy,revenge, sudden disaster anddeeds of adventure and daring.Devices commonly used in ballads are the the refrain（叠词）,incremental repetition（叠句）and code language（特定语言）.A later form of ballad is the literary ballad which imitates the style of the folk ballad.The mostfamous English literary ballad is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner（老水手之歌）.二、选择&填空The Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its____tales of___and___,in marked contrast of____and____of Anglo-Saxon poetry.romantic,love,adventure,strength,somberness（昏暗；冷静）Geoffrey Chaucer1.The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a General Prologue and only_____tales,of which two are left unfinished.242.The____provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of variousmedieval figures.Prologue序言3.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's greatest work and the greater part of it was written in____Couplets.Heroic（英雄双韵体）4.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of St.Thomas a Becket at the place named____.Canterbury5.In The Canterbury Tales,from the character of_____,we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class,and acolorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer's own day.the Wife of Bath（巴斯夫人：齐叟笔下一个结过5次婚等待第六位丈夫的女人）Renaissance1.Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,and____are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.Macbeth2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of_____.Queen Elizabeth3._____wrote his_____in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people's sufferings and put forward his ideal of afuture happy society.Thomas More，UtopiaThe literature of the17th century1.After____'s death,monarchy was again restored in1660.It was called the period of_____.Oliver Cromwell;Restoration2.The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_____1688.3.Paradise Lost tells how____rebelled against God and how___and___were driven out of Eden.Satan;Adam,Eve.4.Bunyan's most important work is____,written in the form old-fashioned medieval form of_____and dream.The Pilgrim's Progress;allegory寓言the18th century literature1.The image of an enterprising Englishman of the18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel______.Robinson Crusoe2.The18th century in English literature is an age of___.prose3.Jonathan Swift's masterpiece is___..Gulliver's Travels4.William Blake's work___(1794)are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence天真之歌.The Songs of Experience经验之歌5.The greatest of___poets in the18th century is Robert Burns.Scottishthe19th century literature1.With the publication of William Wordworth's______with S.T.Coleridge,______began to bloom and founda firm place inthe history of English literature.Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集,Romanticism2.The Romantic Age came to an end in1832when the last Romantic writer_____died.Walter Scott3.The greatest historical novelist_____was produced in the Romantic Age.Walter Scott4.The glory of the Romantic age is in the poetry of___,___,___,___,___,and___.Scott,Wordsworth,Coleridge科尔里奇,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Moore,Southey索西.5.The English Romantic Period produced two major novelists.They are______.Scott and Austen6.In his poems Wordsworth aimed at the_____and_____of the language.simplicity,purity7.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems,one is Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,and the other is_____.Don Juan8.“Ode to a Nightingale”was written by_____.John Keats9.Jane Austen's literary concern is about human beings in their_____relationships.personal.Victorian Age1.In the19th century English literature,a new literary trend_____appeared after the romantic poetry,and flourished in the time of______.Critical realism,1840s and1850s.2.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature.Here lies in the essentially_____and_____character of critical realism.Democratic,humanitarian3.In A tale of Two Cities,the two cities are_____and_____in the time of revolution.London,Paris4.In1847,Thackeray published his masterpiece_____,which marks the peak of his literary career.Vanity Fair5.It is Robert Browning who developed the literary form_____..Dramatic monologue戏剧独白20th century British Literature1.____had its outstanding advocate in Kipling,who with drum and trumpet,called upon England to“take up the Whiteman'sburden”by dominating all“lesser breeds without the law.”lmperialism2.Those“novels of character and environment”by Thomas Hardy are the lost representative of him as botha and acritical realist writer.Naturalistic3.It took Galsworthy twenty-two years to accomplish the monumental work,his masterpiece____The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家wrence finished____,the autobiographical novel at which he had been working off and on for years, which was positivelytaken as a typical example and lively manifestation of the“Oedipus Complex”in fiction.Sons and Lovers5.___and___are the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.James Joyce，Virginia Woolf.6.____is generally regarded as Virginia Woolf's most remarkable work.To the LighthouseExercises on American Literature1.In the17th century,the English settlements in____and____began the main stream of what we recognize as the Americannational history.Virginia,Massachusetts2.Washington Irving's____became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.Sketch Book3.Cooper's enduring fame rests on his frontier stories,especially the five novels that comprise the____.Leatherstocking Tales4.____was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New land.Ralph Waldo Emerson5.A superb book entitled____came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.Walden6.The book____is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.Moby DickBook two chapter one1.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass,__gave America its first genuine epic poem.Walt Whitman2.As the founder of American Critical Realism,____enjoys the fame as“Lincoln of American literature”.Mark Twain3.____was considered the founder of psychological realism in America.Henry James4.The identification of potency（影响）with money is at the heart of Dreiser's greatest and most successful novel,____.An American TragedyThe20th century1.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____Movement”.Imagist2.The most significant American poem of the20th century was_____.The Waste Land3.____of the1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.The Jazz Age4.Hemingway's novel___painted the image of a whole generation,the Lost Generation.The Sun Also Rises5.____wrote about the disintegration（瓦解）of the old social system in the American southern states,and the lives of modempeople,both black and white.William Faulkner三、True or False1.In1066,Alexander the Great led the Norman army to invade England.It was called the Norman Conquest.F(William the Conqueror）2.The Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination（顶点）of the romances about Charles the Great.F(King Arthur and his knights)3.Robinson named Saturday to the saved victim.F(Friday)4.“A Modest Proposal”is made to Irish government to relieve the poverty of English people.F(Irish)5.It was Henry Fielding and Tobias Gorge Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel inEngland and Europe.T6.Of all the romantic poets of the18th century,Blake is the most in-dependent and the most original.T7.George Eliot produced the remarkable novels including Adam Bede,The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner. (true)8.The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte.(true)9.The Victorian Age was largely an age of prose,especially of the novel.(true)10.David Copperfield is Thackeray's masterpiece.F(Dickens)11.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from Bunyan's Pilgrim's progress.(true)12.In1907,John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize for“idealism”in literature.Kim is his long novel.F(Kipling)13.George Bernard Shaw was strongly against the credo of“art for art's sake”.T14.The Importance of Being Earnest is written by Oscar Wilde.T15.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.T16.In1828,Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.T17.Stirred by the teachings of transcendentalism,writers of Boston and nearby towns produced a New England literaryrenaissance.T18.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe's poems.F(novels)19.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.T20.Emily Dickinson is a democratic poet.F(modernist)21.“The Cop and the Anthem”was written by Jack London.F(O Henry)22.While embracing the socialism of Marx,Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals.Thiscontradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel The Call of the Wild F (Martin Eden)23.Between the mid-19th and the first decade of the20th century,there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas inboth social id natural sciences,as well in the field of art in Europe,which played an indispensable role in bringing aboutmodernism and the modernistic writings in the United States.T24.The decade of the1910s,American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights.F(1920s)25.John Steinbeck is a representative of the1930s,when“novels of social protest”became dominant on the American literaryscene.T26.John Updike is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post-war era and his The Catcher in the Rye isregarded as students'classic.F（Jerome David Salinger）(J.D.Salinger）四、连线题作家流派/文体作品Literature Stylechiefly under theinfluenceRomance of the Roses of French poetryof theMiddle AgesChaucer heroic couplet英雄双韵体The House of Fame--《名誉堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》The Legend of Good women--《良妇传说》The Parliament of Fowls--《百鸟堂》u nder the spell of thegreatliterary geniuses ofearlyRenaissance Italy:Danteand Petrarch andBoccaccioProduced hisworks ofThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》maturity free fromanyforeign influence.William Langland Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》Alliteration(头韵)Thomas More托马斯.莫尔Utopia乌托邦Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根T he Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》Of Studies《论读书》;Of wisdom《论智慧》EssayJohn Lyly Eupheus w ritten in a peculiar styleknown as EuphuismThomas Wyatt first introduced the sonnet托马斯.怀亚特into English literatureEarl of Surrey萨利伯爵Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞Humanism人文主义created blankverseThe Fairy Queen《仙后》Lyrical poetryBen Jonson琼生Christopher E very Man in His Humour;Volpone,or the Fox; TheAlchemist;Bartholomew Fair.Marlowe克里Doctor Faustus;The Jew of Malta;Tamburlaine Play 斯托弗.马洛Robert Greene George Green;the Pinner of WakefieldWilliam Shakespeare威廉姆.莎士比亚Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)37plays;blankverse1.Extraordinaryfrankness,John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)《Death be not proud》《死神莫骄妄》Songs and Sonnets《歌谣与十四行诗》The RelicA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning《离别辞：莫忧伤》p enetrating realism,cynicism.2.Novelty of subjectmatter and point ofview.3.Novelty of form.John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿三个John都是the Puritans清教徒派《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护《Paradise Lost》失乐园Samson Agoniste《s力士参孙》《Paradise Regained》复乐园Sonnet-On His Blindness1.The use of blankverse.2.Grand style.3.Inheritance fromtraditional works suchas《失明述怀》Sonnet-On His Deceased Wife《梦之妻》Bible.1.Written in theJohn Bunyan 约翰.拜扬Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy War《圣战》The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanGrace Abounding《丰盛恩惠》o ld-fashioned,medievalform of allegory anddream.2.His language ischieflyplain,colloquial,andquitemodern.Daniel Defoe realistic novel《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》丹尼尔.笛福现实主义小说乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁Father of modernfiction《The History of Tom Jones,a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟大的乔纳森·王尔德》Humor&satirist 《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特satirist反讽prose poetry《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议A Tale of a Tub1697《一只桶的故事》The Battle of the Books1698《书籍之战》The Drapier’s Letters1724《布商来信》Joseph Addison＆RichardSteele；their life-longJoseph Addlson The Tatler闲谈者The Spectator旁观者friendship and thepartnership inliterarycareer.the Pastorals(1709)（田园诗歌）the Essay on CriticismAlexander pope (1711)（论批评）The Rape of the Lock(1714)（卷发遇劫记）“Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady”;“Eloise to Abelard,Samuel 缪尔.理查森epistolarynovel(书信体小说），Englishdomestic novel(英国家庭小说）《Pamela》帕美勒Clarissa Harlowe克拉丽莎Sir Charles Grandison查尔斯•格兰迪森的历史Richardson塞psychological analysisRichard B.Sheridan理查德.B.谢尔丹comedy《School for Scandal》造谣学校the Rivals(情敌)t he only importantEnglishdramatist of the18thcentury《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师，小说novelOliverGoldsmith’s奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全，欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy《The Deserted Village》荒村，诗歌The Traveller旅行者poems,诗歌The Citizen of the World世界公民essay以上6位都是18世纪Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)的代表人物Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷S entimentalism感伤主义no belief《Elegy,Written in aCountryChurchyard》墓园挽歌William Blake 威廉.布莱克Pre-romanticismS ongs of Innocence天真之歌SongsofExperience经验之歌PoeticalSketches素描诗集The Tiger老虎My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯在高原John Anderson,My Jo约翰·安徒生，我爱A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰To a Mouse致小鼠Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯Lake Poets（湖畔派）Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣《The Prelude》序曲1.Leading figure of Englishromanticpoetry2.See this world freshly andnaturally.3.Changed the course of EnglishpoetryLord Byron拜伦Romanticism《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德哈罗德游记Don Juan（唐璜）《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻1.Renowned as the“gloomyegoist”2.“Byronic Hero”（拜伦式英雄）3.Devote himself into therevolutionPercy Bysshe Idealism Shelley雪莱（理想主义）《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂The Cloud云1.Intense and original2.Reflect radical ideas andrevolutionaryoptimism3.Rebel against English politicsandconservative values《The Eve of St.Agnes》 1.Epitaph:Here lies one whose name was圣阿格良斯之夜written in water（此地长眠者，声名水John Keats济Romanticism《On a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂上书）慈（浪漫主义）《To a Nightingale》致夜莺 2.Early death fromtuberculosis at theOde on Melancholy（忧郁颂）age of25Isabella（伊莎贝拉） 3.He is characterized bysensual imageryWalter Scott沃Famous Historical特.斯科特Novelist Ivanhoe（艾凡赫）The lady of the Lake（湖中夫人）Waverley（威佛利）1.Historical novelist as well asplaywrightand poet.2.He was an advocate,judge andlegaladministrator by professionJane Austen简.Female Novelist奥斯丁《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感《Emma》爱玛1.Modern character through thetreatmentof everyday life2.Virginia Woolf called Austen"themostperfect artist among women."Charles Lamb Essayist 查尔斯.兰伯（随笔作家）Tales from Shakespeare（莎士比亚故事集）Essays of Elia（伊利亚随笔）The Last Essays of Elia（伊利亚续笔）1.Indulged in his own contemplationandimagination2.To him,literature was a means toexpress his own subjective world andtoescape from the sordidness（肮脏、卑鄙）1.expose and criticize the poverty,Charles Dickens 狄更斯Critical Realism批判现实主义《Hard Times》艰难时刻《PickwickPapers》匹克威克外传《OliverTwist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城injustice,hypocrisy andcorruptness2.show a highly consciousemodernartist记 3.humor and wit seeminexhaustibleCharlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特Victorian Period维多利亚时期《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱4.Picaresque novel(流浪汉小说）1.great work of genius inEnglishfictionEmily Bronte艾米丽.勃郎特Mrs.Gaskell humanism人文主义《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄《Mary Barton,North and South》玛丽.巴顿，北方和南方2.focus on the femaletopic3.lyric writing style4.simple realism1.rich knowledge of social life andWilliam Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场—this titlewasborrowed from The Pilgrim’s Progressby Bunyan.没有大人物的小说heart,the picture in the novelsareaccurate and true life2.Thackeray’s satire is causticand hishumor subtle3.Pay attention to morility1.show superb conceptionandexecution and include muchfavoral《Adam Bede》亚当贝德feminist criticismGeorge Eliot 乔治.艾略特T he Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》Silas Marner《织工马南传》2.describe various inner worldanddepict people’s live withcinematicprecisionMiddlemarch《米德尔马契》 3.moral teaching andpsychologicalrealism.精神说教和心理现实主义。
英美文学选读-英国-现代时期-练习题汇总(选择大题)
I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.chapter22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and hisenvironment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.(024)19.Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and（）as its theoretical base.A. the theory of psycho-analysisB. Darwin’s evolutionary theoryC. the French symbolismD. Utilitarianism(057)17．______________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ___________ as his encyclopedia – like masterpiece .A．James Joyce, Ulysses B．E.M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC．D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D．Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway（074）15．All of the following are stream –of- consciousness novels EXCEPT________. A．Pilgrimage B．UlyssesC．Mrs. Dalloway D．Tess of the D’ Urbervilles（084）?21. In the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde，the upper — class people are described all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. corruptB. snobbishC. hypocriticalD. ambitious(087)17. After the First World War, there appeared the following literary trends ofmodernism EXCEPT ______.A. expressionismB. surrealismC. stream of consciousnessD. black humour(094)18. The masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century are the three trilogiesof ______.A. Galsworthy's Forsyte novelsB. Hardy' s Wessex novels(094)C. Greene's Catholic novelsD. Woolf's stream-of-consciousness novels19. In the mid - 1950s and early 1960s, there appeared ―______‖ who demonstrated aparticular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society.5 A. The Beat Generation B. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. Black Mountain Poets(094)16. The rise of _____ and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.4A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism（097）22. The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry, which aremainly represented by the following EXCEPT _____.3a. Thomas Hardyb. Ezra Poundc. T. S. Eliotd. Lord Byron （浙0210）25. Which of the following is James Joyce's masterpiece?a. Dublinersb. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Manc. Ulyssesd. Finnegans Wake（浙0210）20.The following are English stream-of-consciousness novels EXCEPT ______.2A. PilgrimageB. UlyssesC. Mrs.DallowayD. A Passage to Inida9. In the late nineteenth century, modernism flushed in English literature. Unlike modernist poets and novelists, modern dramatists ______.1A. showed not only satirical attitude to bourgeois class, but also optimistic emotion toward lifeB. did not make so many innovations in techniques and formsC. inherited the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionismD. took the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base1 George Bernard Shaw21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw(024)1.Mrs. Warren’s Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw’s plays. What is Mrs.Warren’s profession then ?[A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution.[C]House-keeping. [D]Farming. (034)21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（）.A. slum landlordismB. political corruption in EnglandC. economic oppression of womenD. religious corruption in England(054)4．George Bernard Shaw’s play _______ established his position as the leading playwright of his time. 5A．Widowers’ Houses B．Too True to Be GoodC．Mrs. Warren’s Profession D．Candida（084）5.George Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is about______.A. slum landlordismB. the economic oppression of womenC. the political corruption in EnglandD. the religious corruption in England(087)12. Among the following writers ______ is considered to be the best—known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw(087)18. George Ber nard Shaw’s _____is a better play of the later period, with the author’s almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.4A. Too True to Be GoodB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Widowers’HousesD. Fanny’s First Play（097）15. George Bernard Shaw’ s ______ is a grotesquely realistic exposure of slum landlordism.3A. Widower’ s HouseB. Mrs. Warren’ s ProfessionC. The Apple CartD. Getting Married(104)7. George Be rnard Shaw’s ______ explored his idea of ―Life Force‖, the power that would create superior beings to be equal to God and to solve all the social, moral, and metaphysical problems of human society.2A. Man and SupermanB. The Apple CartC. PygmalionD. Too True to Be Good（107）4. As a realistic dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems in his works. The general mood he expressed in his plays is ______.1A. indignationB. satisfactionC. optimismD. pessimism2 T. S. Eliot19. ―When the evening is spread out against the sky (034) 5Like a patient etherized upon a table.‖(T. S. Eliot, ―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖)What does the image in the quoted lines suggest? _______.[A]Violence [B]Horror [C]Inactivity[D]Indifference (034)17.―For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.‖The above lines are taken from（）.A. Wordsworth’s ―The Solitary Reaper‖B. Eliot’s―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖ (054)C. Coleridge’s―Kubla Khan‖D. Yeats’s―The Lake Isle of Innisfree‖20.The beginning of ―The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock‖ moves from a series of fairly concrete physical settings—a cityscape( the famous―patient etherized upon a table‖)and several interiors (women’s arms in the lamplight, coffee spoons,fireplaces)—to a series of vague ocean images. It aims to convey（）.A. Prufrock’s emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognize his second-rate statusB. Prufrock’s eagerness to meet his dating loverC. Prufrock’s reluctance to meet his dating loverD. Prufrock’s excitement about the modern world(057)20．Which of the following poems by T.S. Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry?A．Poems 1909-1925 B．The Hollow ManC．Prufrock and Other Observations D．The Waste Land（074）3．T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem _______has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry. 4A．The Hollow Man B．The Waste LandC．Murder in the Cathedral D．Ash Wednesday（084）22. T. S. Eliot's most popular verse play is ______.3A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land(094)22. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical（097）1. T. S. Eliot’ s ______ bearing a strong thematic resemblance to The Waste Land, is generally regarded as the darkest of Eliot’ s poems.2A. ―Gerontion‖B. ―Prufrock‖C. Murder in the CathedralD. The Hollow Men (104)1. T. S. Eliot’s ______ is a poem of dramatic monologue and a prelude to The WasteLand, helping to point up the continuity of Eliot’s thinking.1A. ―Prufrock‖B. ―Gerontion‖C. The Hollow MenD. Four Quartets （107）3 D. H. Lawrence4. The statement ―A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons‖ sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s.5[A]Lady Chatterley’s Lover[B]Women in love[C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent(034)20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychologicaldevelopment of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s (024)21. ―He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.‖(Sons and Lovers by wrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. More l’s attitude to her husband is ______ .4A. sincerely warmB. genuinely kindC. seemingly angryD. merely contemptuous(044)22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be（）.A. Thomas Hard y’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles(054)B. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and LoversC. George Eliot’s MiddlemarchD. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre22．The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A．John Galsworthy’s B．Thomas Hardy’s C．D．H．Lawrence’s D．Charles Dickens’（084）17. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____ lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehu-manizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.3A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence（097）18. D. H. Lawrence’ s ______ is a remarkable novel in which the individual consciousness is subtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up.2A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Women in LoveD. Lady Chatterley’ s Love(104)4. D. H. Lawren ce’s autobiographical novel is ______.A. The RainbowB. Women in LoveC. Sons and LoversD. Lady Chatterley’s Lover（107）10. D. H. Lawrence’s artistic tendency is mainly ______ , which combines dramaticscenes with an authoritative commentary.1A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. modernism（107）23. In his novels, Laurence made a bold psychological exploration of various humanrelationships, especially those between _____, with a great frankness.a. man and natureb. man and societyc. man and womand. all of the above（浙0210）II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.George Bernard Shaw42. The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren’s Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business?Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. WARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to save in any other business? Could you save out of four shillings a weekand keep yourself dressed as well? Not you. Of course, if you’ re a plainwoman and cant earn anything more ; or if you have a turn for music, orthe stage, or newspaper - writing ; that’s different...Questions :41A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?（097）42. A. George Bernard ShawB. ProstitutionC. The economic oppression of women. By describing Mrs. Warren and her sisters’sufferings, Shaw wants to show that in the dark capitalist society, honest women were forced to be prostitutes and were therefore looked down upon as shameful dirty women. The play reveals the social causes of prostitution and thus sharply attacks the capitalism.T. S Eliot42.―And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.‖Questions:42A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase ―butt-ends‖ mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express? (024)(42.A.T.S.Eliot:―The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.‖B.The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.C.Here, Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison. Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.) .(024)42. The following quotation is from one of the poems by T. S. Eliot:No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use,Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A. Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken.B. Who's the speaker of the quoted lines?C. What does the first line show about the speaker? (094)42. A. ―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖B. J. Alfred PrufrockC. Prufrock is conscious of the fact that he is like Hamlet in some respects. But heis sensible enough that he cannot be compared with Hamlet.42. Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half- deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one -night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster- shells:(The lines above are taken from ―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖ by T. S Eliot. )Questions:A. What does the poem present?B. What form is the poem composed in?C. What does the poem suggest? (104)42. A. presenting the meditation of an aging young man over the business ofproposing marriage;B. in a form of dramatic monologueC. suggesting an ironic c ontrast between a pretended ―Love song‖ and aconfession of the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world.III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.B. Shaw45.It is said that B. Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist’s Fabianist idea. Try to su mmarize this theme briefly. (044)45. A. The play reveals that guilt for prostitution lies more upon the social systemthan the immoral woman.B. In the play, Shaw shows clearly that all human sufferings are consequences ofthe cruel economic exploitation, which is pursued shamelessly by the so-called respectable members of the society through the lowest and the dirtiest means.46．It is said that B. Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist’s Fab ianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.（084）46. A. As one of the influential members of the Fabian Society, Shaw regarded theestablishment of socialism by the emancipation of land and industrial capital from individual and class ownership as the final goal.B. As a realistic dramatist, he took the modern social issues as his subjects. Most ofhis plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems.C. Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a play about the economic oppression of women.46. What are the main features of Bernard Shaw’s plays with regard to the theme,characterization and plot?（097）4546. A. Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great tradition of realism. As arealistic dramatist, he took the modern social issues as his subjects with the aim of directing social reforms.B. One feature of Shaw’s characterization is that he makes the trick of showing upone character vividly at the expense of another. Another feature is that Shaw’s characters are the representatives of ideas, points of view that shift and alter during the play.C. Shaw’s plays have plots, but they do not work by plots.45. What are the features of George Bernard Shaw’s characterization in his plays?（107）45. A. One feature of Shaw’s character ization is that he makes the trick of showing upone character vividly at the expense of another.B. Another feature is that Shaw’s characters are the representatives of ideas, pointsof view that shift and alter during the play.T．S．Eliot46. The Waste Land is T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem．Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly. (087) 4646. A. Theme: the poem is concerned with the spiritual breakup of a moderncivilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance andpurpose.B. Significance: The poem has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the20th-century English poetry, comparable to Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads. IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet.chapter49. Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic Britishwriters and list one major work by each.（097）4949. A. Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism.B. The French symbolism appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.After WWI, all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared: expressionism, surrealism, futurism, etc.C. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis asits theoretical base.D. Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism.E. James Joyce: Ulysses; T. S. Eliot : The Waste Land.。
stream of consciousness
Virginia Woolf
•Adeline Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929),
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Definition
• Characteristic • Representatives
• Definition:Stream of consciousness is a narrative device used in literature "to depict the multitudinous and feelings which pass through the mind. Another phrase for it is 'interior monologue'. "The term "Stream of Consciousness" was coined by philosopher and psychologist William James in Te Principles of Psychology (1890). 美国机能主义心理学家 先驱詹姆斯创造出意识流（stream of consiciousness）这个词，用来表示意识的流动 特性：个体的经验意识是一个统一的整体，但是 意识的内容是不断变化的从来不会静止不动。
Stream of consciousness
traditional novel vs.the novel of the stream of consciousness
传统小说中的主题思想一般比较明确、具体，可以从情节中 演绎出来。 而意识流小说表现的是一种总体意象。
Stream of Consciousness • Stream of Consciousness, literary technique, first used in the late 19th century, employed to evince表明 subjective as well as objective reality. It reveals the character's feelings, thoughts, and actions, often following an associative rather than a logical sequence, without commentary by the author.
• 意识流文学泛指注重描绘人物意识流动状态的文 学作品，既包括清醒的意识，更包括无意识、梦 幻意识和语言前意识。
• Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow. Stream of consciousness and interior
traditional novel vs.the novel of the stream of consciousness
stream of consciousness
stream of consciousness n. , pl. streams of consciousness . A literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur.意识流是一种表现人物内心意识的文学创作手法，通常以自我独白的形式出现。
in literature, technique that records the multifarious thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative sequence. The writer attempts by the stream of consciousness to reflect all the forces, external and internal, influencing the psychology of a character at a single moment. The te chnique was first employed by Édouard Dujardin (1861–1949) in his novel Les Lauriers sont coupés (1888) and was subsequently used by such notable writers as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner. The phrase “stream of consciousness” to indicate the flow of inner experience was first used by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890).意识流是作家和批评家惯用的容易引起误解的术语之一。
英国文学史 The Modern Period习题
英国文学史习题The Modern PeriodI.Blank filling1.____________________ was one of the most prominent of the 20th century English realisticwriters. “The Man of Property” is one of his works.2.It tool Galsworthy twenty-two years to accomplish the monumental work, his masterpiece___________________.3.The “The Forsyte Saga” consists of “The Man of Property”, “In Chancery” and “ ________”.4.Galsworthy‟s second trilogy ___________________ consists of “The White Monkey”, “TheSilver Spoon”, and “Swan Song”.5._________________ is the founder of the “Stream of Consciousness” school of novel writing.6.The novel ________________ describes the mental activities of two Dubliners in a single day.This formless, plotless novel records the thoughts, shades and fleeting flashes of the mind. 7.__________________________ represents the much more readable novelists of the stream ofconsciousness school. She is a fine artist, a woman of sharp sensitivity who, in one of her frequent mental depressions, committed suicide.8.Virginia Woolf‟s novel____________________________, published in 1925, made herreputation as an important psychological writer.9.____________________ is generally regarded as Woolf‟s most remarkable work. Theautobiographical elements in the novel are obvious. Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay were apparently drawn from the author‟s parents.10.Sons and Lovers is ____________________‟s autobiographical novel.11.The Rainbow and Women in Love are the two distinguished novels written by ___________.wrence‟s novel____________________ was positively taken as a typical example ofOedipus Complex in fiction .13.On a world tour made in 1931, __________________ visited China and was warmly receivedby Luxun and others.14._____________________________ satirizes bourgeois businessmen whose ill-gotten moneyis squeezed out of poor, suffering people. Its main characters are Trench and Blanche.15.Shaw‟s play_____________________________ tells a story about a proprietress of brothels.She considers the profit derived from this “business” quite ho norable.16.As a literary figure, Stephen Dedalus appears in two novels written by __________________.17.Shaw‟s play ____________________________ is a farce, satirizing bourgeois democracy andpredicting the growing dependence of Great Britain upon U. S. monopolies.18.“Sailing to Byzantine” is a well-known poem written by ____________________.19.T. S. Eliot‟s classic expression of the temper of his age is ___________________.20._________________, published two years after “The Waste Land” is also a powerfulexpression of an age of doubt that longs in despair for belief.21.The first part of “The Waste Land” is ____________________________.22.The girl Vivie appears in the play ___________________.23.“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” was written by ___________________.24.T. S. Eliot‟s poem_________________ was published two years after “The Waste Land”.25.“A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man” is written by _____________________________.26.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationshipsbetween man and __________________, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.27.William Butler Y eats experienced a slow and painful change in his poetic creation, starting inthe ________________ tradition and finishing as a mature ________________ poet.28.Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Show follows the great tradition of__________________.29.Modernism upholds a new view of time by emphasizing the _________________ time overthe chronological one.30.In Mrs. Dalloway, V irginia Woolf adopted a writing technique called __________________,in which the whole story was presented with the interior monologues of the characters.II.Multiple choice1.Joyce‟s masterpiece, ________ gives and account of man‟s life during one da y (16June, 1904) in Dublin.A.DublinersB.Finnegans WakeC.UlyssesD.A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man2.The protagonist of the poem “Love Song of T. Alfred Prufrock” is a kind of tragic figurecaught in a sense of deafened idealism and tortured by satisfied desires. Of the following descriptions of him, which isn‟t suitable for him?A. He is neurotic.B. He is self-important.C. He is illogical.D. He is a man of action.3. In which of the following poems by William Butler Y eats did you find the allusion to Helenand the Trojan War?A. Sailing to ByzantineB. Sown by the Sally GardenC. The Lake Isle of InnisfreeD. Leda and the Swan4. In 1916, Joyce published his first novel_______.A. UlyssesB. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man5. _______ is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meeting, significance and purpose.A. UlyssesB. The Waste LandC. The Confidential ClerkD. Dubliners6. Which of the following writings is not the novel by James Joyce?A. UlyssesB. Jude the ObscureC. DublinersD. A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man7. Which of the following writings is not the novel of D. H. Lawrence?A. Sons and LoversB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung ManC. The White PeacockD. The Rainbow8. One of Lawrence‟s novels, ______, is written out of his trip to Australia and it gives a richportrayal of the Australian life and scenery.A. Women in LoveB. Lady Chartterley‟s LoverC. KangarooD. The White Peacock9. In his famous poem，“Sailing to Byzantine'‟，Yeats did not explore the problem of_________.A. loveB. deathC. artD. development10. ________ is a story about the three generations of the Brangen family on the Marsh Farm.A. The RainbowB. Women in LoveC. Sons and LoversD. The Plumed Serpent11. The following comments on George Bernard Shaw are true except________.A. George Bernard Shaw‟s career as a dramatist began in l892, when his first play Widowers‟Houses was put on by the Independent Theater Society.B. Shaw began his literary career by writing novels soon after his settling down in London.C. Shaw's writings reflect the combination of realism and naturalism.D. Shaw's plays can be termed as problem play.12. Much of _______'s drama is constructed around the inversion of a conventional theatrical situation.A. Y eatsB. GregoryC. GalsworthyD. Shaw13. Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?A．Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature．B．Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist．C．Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history．D．His novel “A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man‟‟ is a naturalistic account of hero's bitter experience and his final artistic and spiritual liberation．14. In______，Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing aninstance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind，and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day．A．A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man B．UlyssesC．Dubliners D．Finnegans Wake15. Being a leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th century, _______was averse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity．A．W．B．Yeats B．Lady GregoryC．J．M．Synge D．E．M．Forster16. The three trilogies of _______ Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century, which revealed the corrupted capitalist world．A．D．H．Lawrence's B．John Galsworthy'sC．James Joyce's D．George Bernard Shaw's17. _______ is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist．A．James Joyce B．John GalsworthyC．D．H．Lawrence D．George Bernard Shaw18. A Passage to India is the masterpiece of ______．A．James Joyce B．D．H．LawrenceC．E．M．Forster D．V irginia Woolf19．Structurally and thematically Bernard Shaw followed the great traditions of_______．A．romanticism B．pre-romanticismC．realism D．modernism20．Which of the following novels doesn‟t belong to the stream-of-consciousness novel?A．Pilgrimage B．UlyssesC．Mrs．Dalloway D．The Rainbow21．_______ is an important figure in drama，who is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare．A．Oscar Wilde B．Samuel BechettC．Bernard Shaw D．Y eats22．______，with its purely dramatic power，remains the most popular of T．S．Eliot's verse plays．A．Murder in the Cathedral B．The Lady‟s Not for BurningC．Juno and the Paycock D．The Family Reunion23．John Galsworthy‟s first trilogy includes the following except ______．A．The Man of Property B．In ChanceryC．To Let D．Modem Comedy24．James Joyce‟s Ulysses could hardly be termed as a traditional novel，because________．A. it is all account of daily lifeB. there is no story, no plot and no action insideC．it is divided into episodesD．there are only three characters25. In his famous poem_____．Y eats explores the problems of death，love，old age and art．A．Leda and the Swan B．No Second TroyC．September1913 D．Sailing to Byzantine26．Shaw‟s play Mrs．W arren‟s Profession is a realistic exposure of the_____ in the English society．A．political corruptionB．inequality between men and womenC．slum landlordismD．economic exploration of women27．“At last she spoke to me．When she addressed the first words to me I was so confused that I did not know what to answer．She asked me was I going to Araby．I forget whether I answered yes or no．it would be a splendid bazaar, she said；she would love to go．”The passage is taken from______．A．John Galsworthy's The Man of PropertyB．James Joyce's DublinersC．D．H．Lawrence‟s Sons and LoversD．James Joyce's Ulysses28．The following playwrights brought about the Irish National Theatre Movement in the early 20th century except______．A．W．B．Yeats B．J．M．SyngeC．George Bernard Shaw D．Lady Gregory29．In “The Lake of Isle of Innisfree”．William Butler Y eats expresses his ______．A．hope to go abroad B．desire to escape into a fairylandC．1ove for common life D．hatred for war30. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the Psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature．A．John Galsworthy's B．Thomas Hardy'sC．D．H．Lawrence's D．Charles's Dickens31．“Paul was afraid lest she might have misread the letter, and might be disappointed after all．He scrutinized it once，twice．Y es，he became convinced it was true．Then he sat down，his heart beating with jo y.” The above quotation is taken from ______．A．The Man of Property B．Mrs．Warren's ProfessionC．Sons and Lovers D．A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man32．The Statement that the refined bourgeois aristocrats are put to ridicule while a simple flower girl is lovingly portrayed may refer to _______．A．Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion B．Sheridan's The School for ScandalC．Eliot's Murder in the Cathedral D．Galsworthy's The Silver Box33．In Mrs．Dalloway, V irginia Woolf adopted a writing technique called ______，in which the whole story was presented with the interior monologues of the characters．A．stream-of-consciousness B．expressionismC．symbolism D．naturalism34．Among the great writers of the modem period，______ might be the greatest in radical experimentation of technical innovations in novel writing．A．Joseph Conrad B．James JoyceC．D．H．Lawrence D．V irginia Woolf35. According to D．H．Lawrence，the ______ is most responsible for the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human personality．A．pride of the aristocratic class B．vanity of the middle classC．man's desire for power and money D．capitalist mechanical civilization 36．James Joyce‟s Dubliners is ______．A．a collection of short stories B．a novelC．an autobiography D．a short story37．Writers like Dorothy Richardson，James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated their efforts on digging into the human ______．A．dignity B．behavior C．morality D．consciousness38．The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons" sums up the main plot of D．H．Lawrence's novel ______．A．Sons and Lovers B．The RaibowC．Women in Love D．Lady Chartterley‟s Lover39．John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga appears in the form of ______．A．epic B．trilogy C．collection of short stories D．ballad40．All the following are characters of Galsworthy‟s The Man of Property except _____.A．Soames B．Irene C．Dedalus D．Bosiney41．G．B．Shaw‟s play Mrs．Warren's Profession is a realistic exposure of the in the English society．A．slum landlordismB．inequality between men and womenC．political corruptionD．economic exploitation of women42. ______was written by James Joyce．A．Dubliners B．Portrait of a ladyC．Picture of Dorian Gray D．To the LighthouseIII. Define the following termsModernismIV. Identification of the following passagesPassage 1“He went out to dinner several times in his evening suit that had been William‟s. each time his mother‟s heart was firm with pride and joy. He was started now. The studs she and the children had bought for William were in his short-front; he wore one of William‟s dress shirts. But h e had an elegant figure. His face was rough, but warm-looking and rather pleasing. He did not look particularly a gentleman, but she thought he looked quite a man. ”A．What is the title of the novel from which this passage is taken?Who is the author?B．Why each time his mother‟s heart was firm with pride and joy?C．What idea does this passage express?Passage 2"Vivie: '...People are always blaming their circumstances for what theyare．I do not believe in circumstances．The people who get on in this world arethe people who get up and look for the circumstances they want，if they can‟tfind them，make them．‟……but why did you choose that business? Saving money and goodmanagement will succeed in any business,'"A．Identify the author and the work．B．Who is "Vivie"，the speaker of the quoted passage?C．What idea does the quoted passage express?Passage 3“North Richmond Street，being blind，was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers‟ School set the boys free．An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end，detached from its neighbors in a square ground．The other houses of the street，conscious of decent lives within them，gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces．”A．Identify the author and the work．B．What is the tone of the narrator in the quoted passage?C．What idea does the quoted passage express?V. Essay questions:1. Make comments on George Bernard Shaw as a playwright.2. Compared with Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence and other writers of transitional age in the 20th century, should E.M. Forster be labeled as a traditional writer or a modernist or a writer of transitional age? State your opinion.。
英语短篇小说教程电子教案-Unit11
Short Stories in English: A Reading Course
虞建华 编写
Unit Eleven
Modernistic Fiction
Reading: “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” by James
Thurber
Literary Modernism:
that most of the individual’s mental processes are unconscious;
that all human behavior is motivated ultimately by what we would call sexuality (that is, the prime psychic force is libido, or sexual energy);
The three psychic zones: id, ego and superego
The ego is regulating agencies, which protect the individual. It regulates the instinctual drives of the id so that they may be released in nondestructive patterns. “In popular language, we may say that the ego stands for reason and circumspection, while the id stands for the untamed passions” (S. Freud). Consequently, the ego serves as intermediary, and maintains a balance between the opposing forces of id and superego.
英美文学史(英国)知识点汇总
英美文学期末复习Chapter 1 The Old and Medieval Period 中古时期An Introduction ：❖最早的英国居民：Celts❖In 43AD , Roman conquered Britain, making the latter a province of Roman Empire.公元43年，罗马征服英国，将其变成罗马帝国的一个省份。
❖In 449 Jutes came to Britain to settle there. Following the Jutes came Angles and Saxons. 449年，朱特人定居英国，紧跟着是安格鲁和撒克逊人。
❖Germanic means the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes.日耳曼族包括了安格鲁、萨克逊和朱特人。
❖Anglo-Saxon poetry is bold and strong, mournful and elegiac in spirit.安格鲁撒克逊诗歌大胆而有力，悲伤且忧郁。
❖These tribes from Northern Europe together created the united kingdom--Anglo-Saxon England ("Angle-land").这些来自北欧的部落创建了联合王国--安格鲁撒克逊英格兰(in 449)❖Their dialects naturally grew into a single language called Angle-ish or English, the ancestor of the present-day English.他们的方言自然而然地成为了一种单一的语言--盎格鲁语或者英语。
❖The old English were divided into two groups: ①religious group ②secular group古英语诗歌被分成两类：①宗教②世俗❖The religious group is mainly on biblical theme.宗教诗歌通常以圣经为主题。
ModernStreamofConsciuosnessinARoseforEmily
ModernStreamofConsciuosnessinARoseforEmily浙江传媒学院大学外语教学部刘彩霞［Abstract］William Faulkner's style of works earns the popularity of the modem stream of consciousness technique.A Rose for Emily is oneof his most impressive short stories,whose theme may challenge readers to work out from different perspectives.This paper mainly presents apsychoanalytical account of the reflections of its theme by way of the social and psychological conflicts between erotic passions and humancruelty portrayed in the story.［Key words］social and psychological conflicts critical reflections themeI.The Setting of the Short StorySetting can give us information vital to plot and theme.In a story,a writ-er seems to draw a setting mainly to evoke atmosphere.The atmosphere is theaura or mood,or the general pervasive feeling aroused by the work,whichshapes the reader's attitudes and expectations.At the start of the short story A Rose for Emily written by WilliamFaulkner,one of the most important Southern writers in the United States,Faulkner depicted Emily Grierson's house,once handsome but now“an eye-sore among eyesores”,and the surroundings after the Civil War.Still stand-ing refusing to yield its old-time horse and buggy splendor to the age of theautomobile,the house in“its stubborn and coquettish decay”embodied thecharacter of Emily Grierson,the last representative of a family ruined by thewar.The short story is saturated with the heroism,defeat,dignity,and degra-dation of the Civil War.Like many authors,Faulkner is obsessed with a sin-gle subject and takes his power from his obsession.Such a setting provides astrong emotional background against which to narrate the tale and undoubt-edly contributes to the understanding of the theme.II.The Well knitted PlotIt is essential in literature that every part perform several functions atonce.In A Rose for Emily,Faulkner constructed each of the first three sec-tions around one anecdote that furthered the plot.The opening section fore-shadowed Miss Emily's death and included references to the Civil War.Thefirst anecdote of Miss Emily revealed character in a way that amused us,yetgave us no clues about murder and necrophilia.When in the next two sec-tions we learned of two more incidents,bizarre and entertaining in them-selves,we were led to suspect that each of them was as innocent as the first.But the next two anecdotes about the smell and about the purchase of rat poi-sonwere essential to our understanding of plot.Because the first incident in-cluded nothing sinister,it lightened the later anecdotes,which would havesuggested murder and a decaying corpse.The unchronological order,on the other hand,jumbled the time se-quence of the plot—the modern,stream of consciousness technique is fre-quently used to reveal the conflicts between the character's a primitive im-pulses and social prejudices.From the start,the narration had zipped back and forth in time,as if we were not so much hearing a sequential story as lis- tening to some one's free recollections.The fourth section covered many years.It began with a suggestion that Miss Emily might have chosen to com- mit suicide,presumably because she felt disgraced by her episode with Homer Barton.Yet we accepted Homer's disappearance without connecting it to rat poison or bad smells because the narrator had conditioned us to think of Barton as someone who might run away under the threat of marriage.In the story,the narrator is an observer,a collective by stander whospeaks as a plural“we”.The story begins and ends just after Mi ss Emily's death with the climax occurring when the town's people break into the locked room.The grisly discovery provide the denouement.Mysterious and proud Emily Grierson defies her community and seeks privacy in the fortress of her mansion.The lying secret keeps the town's people as well readers in suspense,inviting us to read it just like a detective story.This is one of Faulkner's explorations of psychological reality.III.The Conflicts Revealing the ThemeThe theme of a story is the implicit generality the story supports.Oftenwe consider that a story's theme is its reason for being.When we speak of a story's theme,we suggest that a tale implies a central insight into human ex- perience.In A Rose for Emily,the social and psychological conflicts implicit- ly lead us to consider the theme throughout the story.One is the social conflict arising between the doomed survivor of theOld South and citizens of the new city that grows out of reconstruction. From early descriptions in the story,we learn that Miss Emily shared remission of taxes in Colonel Sartoris'time for her father's contribution to the town with a strong will and even rejected to change the old metal door num- ber.Her stubborn mind and behavior suggest that in the progressive society Miss Emily still stuck to the obsolete manners of life and even refused to ac- cept any change whether in society or in personal life.As a result,it seems to us that Miss Emily was conservative with rigid mind and old value in isola- tion from the present community.Emily's front door dosed for good also im- plies that she was reluctant to face up to the real changing society and de- sired to escape from reality into an ideal world that would never change.Of course,Miss Emily is one of the numerous characters in Faulkner's work who are warped by their inheritance from the past and who are cut off from the community by their own will to their detriment.Thus,Emily's madness that causes her to kill Homer is in part a consequence of the injury done her by the fact of isolation.In particular,Miss Emily's denial of death and her retention of thecorpse is another perfect illustration.At first,when her father died,Emily did not allow the townsmen to dispose of the body and later after she killed her sweetheart Homer,she still kept his decayed corpse till she herself died.It's spontaneous to believe that such bizarre actions are attributed to her rigidtradition and her strong-willed idealist fantasy that are impractical in the present changing world.Another aspect is that Emily is submitted to her fa- ther,much deeply influenced by the father-center tradition.It seems to her that her father is like a protector,the only backbone of spirit for her.There- fore,when her father died,she was left nothing；she even wanted to retain her father's body so as not to lose such a backbone.This is,however,only an unrealistic fantasy,so is her fantasy for retention of Homer's corpse—the everlasting love.The other is Miss Emily's personal psychological conflict with Homer Barren.Homer is a vulgar Northerner,a foreman coming south for work and gain,employed to build Jefferson's first sidewalks.Even worse,he serves as a representative of the North.Therefore,after Homer fell in love with Miss Em- ily,there arose such a response among the townspeople：“At first we were glad that Miss Ernily would have an interest,becausethe ladies all said…,Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner,a day laborer.‟But there were still others,older people,whosaid that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige…”“Then some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people.The men did not want to interfere, but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister.”It is self-evident that Miss Emily would receive the minister's remon- strance and her cousins'.If they were to marry,to Emily,（下转第192页）—190—it means that she would betray her high dignity ofthe Griersons because“Emily had been a tradition”.In this sense,we maysay Emily killed Homer out of insanity—the result of her psychological con- flict so as not to tarnish her dignity and the spirit of the Old South.What's more,Homer alive is part of the new and progressive societyand Miss Emily's retention of his corpse wrests him from one world to anoth- er.Miss Emily and her necrophilia become a symbol of the Old South.By us- ing such an attraction to corpse as a metaphor,the Faulkner intended to chastise the surviving South's wish to hold onto the dead past,for in the first part of the story we learn that Miss Emily's house stands in a decaying neighborhood and Emily represents the declining strength of the south with- standing any change by the greatest effort.At any cost,Miss Emily finally falls to be a victim of the Christian cultural tradition and the spirit of the Old South.In the outrageous climax of the story,Miss Emily's necrophilia carriesthe psychological conflict to the extreme.The Emily-world is graceful,digni- fied,honorable—quaint and decayed,finally morbid while Barron-world is vital,vulgar,and inevitable.One may feel this conflict within the narrator, perhaps between a heart that loves the old ways and a head that knows them doomed.If the head speaks warning to the heart,it might want to say“Al- though the past was attractive,it is sentimental and useless to love the de- parted past.It is worse than sentimental and useless.It is as if you paid loveand devotion,not to a living spouse,but to a corpse.”IV.ConcisionWith the depiction of Miss Emily Grierson's extreme isolation and the horror of her necrophilia,the story compels us to piece together file frag- ments to sense the conflicts among Emily,the community and Homer.From the exposition of the psychology perspective,Emily is so consciously aristo- cratic that she defies the town's supervision of her behavior,especially with regard to the disapproval of her dating a Yankee.Symbolically,however,the killing of a Yankee in Homer seems to have satisfied a collective and secret desire for revenge in the South.Perhaps Emily's upbringing in a closed soci- ety and family does contribute to her inability to deal with reality and to sep- arate truth from illusion.Therefore,it is convincing to believe that historical change is thetheme：not just the inevitability,but the necessity,and that any resistance to it is doomed to suffer from failure and abandon just as Miss Emily received~ The laws of any society with pretensions toward“justice for all”must never become static.Notions,manners and habits,etc.must be changed to adjust themselves to the new demands made upon them by the changing civilization which originally created them—they must be changed timely or they will be- come rigid,unrelated to the world they are meant to survive and serve.As the society is advancing at present,anything and people are supposed to adopt themselves to the innovating circumstances,to the creative ideas,and to the developing cultures.An acceptance of“change and alteration”as life's nec- essary condition is the fundamental of a significant civilization of human be- ings and society.References［1］Bloom,H.Modern Critical Views：William Faulkner［M］.Chelsea House Publishers,1986［2］Hall,D.To Read Literature,Fiction,Poetry,Drama［M］.Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Inc,1987［3］Millgate,M.The Achievement of William Faulkne［rM］.The Uni- versity of Georgia Press,1989［4］Perkins,G.et al.The American Tradition in Literature［M］.Ran-dom House Publishers,1985［5］Rubinstein,A.T.American Literature Robt and Flower［M］.Lan- guage Teaching and Research Press,1988［6］肖明翰.福克纳与美国南方文学传统［J］.四川师范大学学报（社科版）,1996（1）［7］周定之.英美文学作品赏析［M］.湖南师范大学出版社,2002（上接第190页）Those are all special food in festival.People likes the kind of food to take them peace,good luck and beautiful wishes.So foods in holiday give us much happiness,though they are difference.C、Food in IdiomsA national dietary habits have a great relationship with the nationwhere belongs to the geographical conditions and habits and customs.In Eu- rope each living region of nations,it mainly has common name for wheat, barley and oats.For example,in western idioms,we say“say cheese”to ex- press smile when we take photo,but we say“qie zi”in Chinese also express smile.Bread means main food in west,but rice is in our country.Like“earnone‟s bread”mean“swe can earn our own food by ourselves,”etc.In China,we often hear about“抢饭碗”,“酒足饭饱”,“精神粮食”and so on.That is to say people like to use food to express their meaning.And other people willbe much easy to understand them.Ⅲ、MergenceA、Building the Golden ArchesFrom a neighborhood restaurant established in Des Plaines,Illinois in1955 to today,more than 30,000 restaurants in 121 countries worldwide, McDonald‟s is the largest quick service restaurant organization in the world. McDonald‟s recognized that it is to be successful,it would have to beflexible and adapt to social change s.In 1975,McDonald‟s opened its firstdrive-time window in Sierra Vista,Arizona to accommodate a more mobile society.The company realized there was a need for a fast,quality morning mealand in 1973,the Egg McMuffin was introduced.B、The first McDonald’s in Hong KongMcDonald‟s Restaurants(Hong Kong)Limited was established in 1975.The first McDonald‟s restaurant,which offered customers the very first American Big Mac Meal in Hong Kong,was located at Paterson Street, Causeway Bay.Toda y there are over 200 McDonald‟s restaurants in Hong Kong,and more than 10,000 McDonald‟s staff.In addition to the McDonald‟s restaurants,McDonald‟s also opened and Grab‟n Go Sandwiches outletsin Hong Kong,in a bid to meet the needs of different customers.Ⅳ、ConclusionAs the six parts expression finish,it also has many things to analyze its culture.Such as,an American studying in China had an appointment atnoon.In fact,he had not been long in China that he complained in broken Chinese你们为什么老问我吃饭了没有？我有钱。
14.The Modern Period
As a Feminist
to argue that a change in the forms of literature was necessary because most literature had been "made by men out of their own needs for their own uses." "Have you any notion how many books are written about women in the course of one year? Have you any notion how many are written by men? Are you aware that you are, perhaps, the most discussed animal in the universe?"
Bernard Shaw
Page 4
Virginia Woolf
regarded as a modernist writer and one of the most famous writers of the 20th century. Her works are concerned with the individual consciousness, especially female
Page 15
Stream of consciousness
coined by philosopher and psychologist William James. Stream of consciousness has something to do with a method of storytelling in which the author tells the story through the freely flowing thoughts and associations of one of the characters. It is used to depict the mental and emotional reactions of characters to eternal events, rather than the events themselves.
中世纪浪漫传奇的性质与中古英语亚瑟王传奇之发展
中世纪浪漫传奇的性质与中古英语亚瑟王传奇之发展作者：肖明翰， XIAO Ming-han作者单位：四川师范大学,外国语学院,成都,610068刊名：四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）英文刊名：JOURNAL OF SICHUAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION)年，卷(期)：2008,35(1)被引用次数：7次1.有学者将史诗分为"原初性"(primary)和"后创性"(secondary)两类,前者指那些在历代民间行吟诗人的演唱吟诵中逐渐形成的作品,比如荷马史诗;后者则是由某个诗人创作而成,比如维吉尔的《埃涅阿斯记》和密尔顿的《失乐园》2.指从4世纪初到6世纪后半叶,欧洲各民族,特别是日尔曼民族大迁徙,欧洲发生重大变革的时代3.Chansons de geste,即songs of great deeds,是法语中歌颂英雄业迹,特别是关于查理曼大帝及其随从的征讨与武功的歌谣,其中最杰出的是法国著名史诗《罗兰之歌》.这些史诗性质的英雄歌谣已经具有浪漫传奇的一些特点4.Britain lay,主要产生于不列颠的一种短小叙事诗,它被一些学者认为是后来的欧洲短篇故事的前身5.波德尔的原话是"N'en sont que trios mattres a nul home entendant;/De France et de Bretaigne et de Rome la grant"("对所有才俊,仅三种题材:/法国、不列颠和大罗马."转引自[6],p.63.)其中"大罗马题材"还包括那些关于亚历山大大帝以及特洛伊战争的传奇故事,所以也称"古典题材"(Matter of Antiquity)6.中古英语作品指南7.特里斯特拉姆的传奇根源于凯尔特民间故事,于12世纪中期被托玛斯用盎格鲁-诺曼语创作成浪漫传奇,是英格兰最早的浪漫传奇作品之一.这个系列故事本来与亚瑟王系列传奇没有关系,但在后来的发展中特里斯特拉姆也成为圆桌骑士,于是这个系列也成为亚瑟王传奇的一部分.加勒哈德是兰斯洛特的儿子,是唯一能找到圣杯的圣洁骑士8.Krueger,Roberta Introduction 20009.Beer Gillian The Romance 197010.Taylor,A.B An Introduction to Medieval Romance 196911.Field,Rosalind Romance in England:1066-1400 199912.Craft,Carolyn Romance 200213.Barron,W.R.J English Medieval Romance 198714.Wilson,R.M Early Middle English Literature 196815.Newstead,Helaine Romances:General 196716.Newstead,Helaine Arthurian Legends 196717.Gerritsen,Willem;Anthony G.van Melle;Tanis Guest A Dictionary of Medieval Heroes 19981.石卫华亚瑟王传奇对英国文学的影响[期刊论文]-咸宁学院学报2005,25(2)2.王燕荣解读亚瑟王传奇[期刊论文]-科教文汇2009(3)3.冯晶简析亚瑟王传奇故事在英美文学中的意义[期刊论文]-科技信息2009(2)4.许凌.任在喻.XU Ling.REN Zai-yu宗教之光和人文之影——浅探中世纪"亚瑟王圆桌骑士"传奇[期刊论文]-遵义师范学院学报2009,11(3)5.赵国柱骑士制度的一曲挽歌——马罗礼《亚瑟王之死》主题探究[期刊论文]-中北大学学报（社会科学版）2009,25(5)6.苗勇刚.贾宇萍亚瑟王传奇:文学与电影[期刊论文]-电影文学2010(13)7.高焕香.赵丽娜亚瑟王传奇嬗变研究[期刊论文]-安徽文学(下半月)2010(6)8.邓艳英圆桌对话的思考[期刊论文]-天风2009(7)9.苗勇刚.贾宇萍.MIAO Yong-gang.JIA Yu-ping沉沉夜色寂寂朗星——亚瑟王传奇中女性形象[期刊论文]-河北理工大学学报(社会科学版)2008,8(4)10.朱立华浅析英美文学教学导入文化语境"三源泉"[期刊论文]-榆林高等专科学校学报2002,12(3)1.王晶磊论南方文学的哥特式怪诞[期刊论文]-北方文学(下半月) 2010(4)2.吴静亚瑟王传奇在英国文学中的发展[期刊论文]-黑龙江教育学院学报 2012(3)3.赵国柱骑士制度的一曲挽歌——马罗礼《亚瑟王之死》主题探究[期刊论文]-中北大学学报（社会科学版）2009(5)4.艾峰由《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》看福克纳的风格特色[期刊论文]-长安大学学报（社会科学版） 2010(4)5.张良红福克纳《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》之女性主义解读[期刊论文]-苏州教育学院学报 2009(1)6.刘彩霞Modern Stream of Consciuosness in A Rose for E mily[期刊论文]-科技信息 2011(30)7.倪世光30年来国内骑士研究述评[期刊论文]-世界历史 2009(1)本文链接：/Periodical_scsfdxxb-shkxb200801013.aspx。
Stream of consciousness
Stream of consciousnessStream of consciousness writing aims to provide a textual equivalent to the stream of a fictional character’s consciousness. It creates the impression that the reader is eavesdropping on the flow of conscious experience in the chara cter’s mind, gaining intimate access to their private “thoughts”. It involves presenting in the form of written text something that is neither entirely verbal nor textual. Stream of consciousness writing was developed in the early decades of the twentieth century when writers became interested in finding ways of laying open for readers’ inspection, in a way impossible in real life, the imagined inner lives of their fictional characters. The challenge was to find ways of writing that would create plausible textual presentations of the imagined thought-streams.Stream of consciousness writing comes in a variety of stylistic forms, most importantly narrated stream of consciousness and quoted stream of consciousness (“interior monologue”). Narrated stream of consciousness is most often composed of a variety of sentence types including psycho-narration (the narrative report of characters’ psychological states) and free indirect style. Interior monologue is the direct quotation of characters’ silent speech, though not necessarily marked with speech marks. “Interior monologue” is sometimes mistakenly used as a synonym for stream of consciousness writing as such. “Interior monologue” will be discussed below as just one of the forms of stream of consciousness writing, and also in a separate entry in this Encyclopedia.The term “stream of consciousness” has become common in literary criticism and has a certain intuitive appeal, since it helps to identify in a rather general way what is was that writers were aiming to achieve in their fiction. However, there is no agreed precise definition of the term and no consensus has been arrived at as to how it is best used. This has caused much muddle and confusion in discussions of modernist technique. Offered above is a deliberately informal and rather vague definition. Rather than attempting to formulate a precise definition, it seems more useful to understand just what it is that stream of consciousness writing tries to achieve and to see why there are so many technical variants of it.As a novelist Woolf's primary concern was to represent the flow of ordinary experience.Her emphasis was not on plot or characterization but on a character's consciousness, his thoughts and feelings, which she brilliantly illuminated by the stream of consciousness technique.Woolf and Joyce are the most gifted and innovative of the stream of consciousness novelistsA giant web of thoughts of several groups of people during the course of a single day.There is little action/plot, but much movement in time from present to past and back again through the characters memories. The strike of the clock indicates the real time and brings her back to the present real world.She did not limit herself to one consciousness, but slipped from mind to mindA thoroughly well-depicted picture of the heroine, not only from all her own actions and words and thoughts but also from the description of her relations with her family members and friends.Mrs. Dalloway is shown with all her defects and foibles but there is a sympathy for her throughout the story. After escorting the Prime Minister in her party, “with Sally there and Peter there and Ricard very pleased”, she was aware that “these triumphs…had a hollowness’’.。
英国文学21 Stream of Consciousness
Woolf’s View a. It the novelis to reveal the hidden and interior life of the people, the only world of any truth is the internal world. b. The world in which we live is disjunctive, fragmentary, and disorderly. The purpose of Modernist writings is to reveal the true nature of the modern human condition and its disconcerting absence of meaning, purpose, and order. c. Characterization rather than plot thus becomes the topmost concern for writers, and sequential time gives way to psychological time. d. Art is important because it gives meaning to life, helps conquer the inevitable disillusionments of life, and provides the fulfillment of happiness that nothing else can offer. That is to say, she believes that art can create a manmade paradise.
Woolf was an English novelist, essayist, epistler, publisher, feminist, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."
英国文学主义英文版
英国文学主义英文版Modernism现代主义Modernism in English literature prevailed during the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. It was a movement of experiments in new technique in writing.While modernist poetry arose as a break with 19th-century Romanticism, modernist fiction represented a trend drifting away from the tradition of 19th-century realism.Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’psychological activities, a nd so has sometimes been called modern psychological fiction. In England, the most important poets were W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot. In the novel, the modernist innovators were James Joyce and Virginia Woolf with the “Stream of Consciousness” and D.H. Lawr ence.ImagismImagism was an Anglo-American poetic movement flourishing in the 1910s.The imagist poetry is a kind of vers libre(free verse) shaking off the conventional metres and emphasizing on the use of common speech, new rhythms and clear images.批判现实主义critical realism1.English critical realism flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. 英国批判现实主义出现在19世纪40年代到50年代早期（1840--1850）2. Famous English critical realists include Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray, and the method of critical realism were further adopted by writers like Charlotte and Emily Bronte.. , and the Elizabeth Gaskell.3.The critical realists described with much vividness andgreat artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalism system from a democratic viewpoint. 从民主的角度来批判资本主义制度。
The Modern Period (真题)
The Modern Period(200504)1. The short story “Araby” is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection ( ).A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. UlyssesC. Finnegans WakeD. Dubliners2. “For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from ( ).A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper”B. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”C. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”3. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A.moralityB. justiceC.propertyD. humor4. George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（）.A. slum landlordismB. political corruption in EnglandC. economic oppression of womenD. religious corruption in England5. The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be( ).A. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and LoversC. George Eliot’s MiddlemarchD. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre(200604)6. As a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is concerned with social, economic, moral and religious problems in his works. The general mood he expressed in his plays is ( ).A. indignationB. satisfactionC. optimismD. pessimism7. In the late nineteenth century, modernism flourished in English literature. Unlike modern poets and novelists, modern dramatists ( ).A. showed not only satirical attitude toward bourgeois class, but also optimistic emotion toward lifeB. did not make so many innovations in techniques and formsC. inherited the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalismD. took the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho – analysis as its theoretical base8. In ( ), James Joyce intended to record the four aspects of the moral history of his country, namely childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life.A. DublinersB. UlyssesC. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. Finnegans Wake9. In Sons and Lovers, D. H. Lawrence presented Paul as a(n) ( ) man and artist.A. independentB. ambitiousC. strong-willedD. sensitive10. T.S. Eliot’s early poems are marked by ( ) in comparison to his later ones.A. a philosophical and emotional calmB. a set of historical, cultural and religious themesC. a dreamy quality, expressing melancholy and self-indulgent feelingsD. a mood of disillusionment and sufferings of modern people(200607)11. Which of the following poems is believed to best reflect the 20th century peopl e’s disillusionment and frustration in a meaningless society?A. T.S Eliot’s Four QuartetsB. T.S Eliot’s The Waste LandC. S. B. Yeats’s “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”D. S. B. Yeats’s Down by the Salley Gardens12. In shaping characters, G. B. Shaw would usually take an unconventional character in contrast to conventional social ones. In Mrs. Warren’s Profession, ( ) is unconventional in regards with the thought, ambition and philosophy.A. Mrs. WarrenB. VivieC. FrankD. Liz13. Among the three stages of his poetic career,W. B. Yeats’s major concern in the second stage is ( ).A. dichotomous in subject matter, such as youth and age, love and war, body and soulB. a mock of the bourgeois philistines and their meanness of spirit and selfish materialismC. about Celtic legends, local folk tales, or storiesD. Love and War, the two primary passions of human beings(200704)14. ______________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ___________ as hisencyclopedia – like masterpiece .A．James Joyce, Ulysses B．E.M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC．D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D．Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway15. Which of the following poems by T.S. Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century Englishpoetry?A．Poems 1909-1925 B．The Hollow ManC．Prufrock and Other Observations D．The Waste Land(200707)16. The three trilogies of ________ novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. Galsworthy’s ForsyteB. Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset SongC. D. H. L awrence’s Women in LoveD. E. M. Foster’s A Passage to India17. _____ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. Christopher MarloweC. John DrydenD. Bernard Shaw18. _______ was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923.A. Bernard ShawB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. T. S. Eliot19. The Rainbow and ______ are generally regarded as D.H. Lawrence’s masterpieces.A. Women in LoveB. Sons and Loversdy Chatterley’s LoverD. The Plumed Serpent20. In Oscar Wilde’s masterpiece ______, he expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption, snobbery and hypocrisy.A. SalomeB. The Importance of Being EarnestC. The Happy PrinceD. A Woman of No Importance(200804)21. T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem _______has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the20th-century English poetry.A．The Hollow Man B．The Waste LandC．Murder in the Cathedral D．Ash Wednesday22. George Bernard Shaw’s play _______ established his position as the leading play-wright of his time. A．Widowers’ Houses B．Too True to Be GoodC．Mrs. Warren’s Profession D．Candida23. All of the following are stream –of- consciousness novels EXCEPT________.A．Pilgrimage B．UlyssesC．Mrs. Dalloway D．Tess o f the D’ Urbervilles24. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his charactersand in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A．John Galswo rthy’s B．Thomas Hardy’sC．D．H．Lawrence’s D．Charles Dickens’(200807)25. George Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is about______.A. slum landlordismB. the economic oppression of womenC. the political corruption in EnglandD. the religious corruption in England26.Among the following writers ______ is considered to be the best— known English dramatist since Shakespe are.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw27.In the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde，the upper — class people are described all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. corruptB. snobbishC. hypocriticalD. ambitious(200904)28. After the First World War, there appeared the following literary trends of modernism EXCEPT ______.A. expressionismB. surrealismC. stream of consciousnessD. black humour29. The masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century are the three trilogies of ______.A. Galsworthy's Forsyte novelsB. Hardy' s Wessex novelsC. Greene's Catholic novelsD. Woolf's stream-of-consciousness novels30. In the mid - 1950s and early 1960s, there appeared “______” who demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society.A. The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. Black Mountain Poets31. The following are English stream-of-consciousness novels EXCEPT ______.A. PilgrimageB. UlyssesC. Mrs.DallowayD. A Passage to Inida32. The leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th centurywas ______.A. W.B.YeatsB. Lady GregoryC. J.M.SyngeD. John Galworthy33. T.S.Eliot's most popular verse play is ______.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land(200907)34. The rise of _____ and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism35. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____ lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence36. George Bernard Shaw’s _____ is a better play of the later period, with the author’s almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Too True to Be GoodB.Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Widowers’HousesD. Fanny’s First Play37. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical(201004)38. T. S. Eliot’ s ______ bearing a strong thematic resemblance to The Waste Land, is generally regarded as the dar kest of Eliot’ s poems.A. “Gerontion”B. “Prufrock”C. Murder in the CathedralD. The Hollow Men39. George Bernard Shaw’ s ______ is a grotesquely realistic exposure of slum landlordism.A. Widower’ s HouseB. Mrs. Warren’ s ProfessionC. The Apple CartD. Getting Married40. D. H. Lawrence’ s ______ is a remarkable novel in which the individual consciousness is subtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Women in Lovedy Chatterley’ s Love(201007)41. T. S. Eliot's ______ is a poem of dramatic monologue and a prelude to The Waste Land, helping to point up the continuity of Eliot's thinking.A. "Prufrock"B. "Gerontion"C. The Hollow MenD. Four Quartets42. D. H. Lawrence's autobiographical novel is ______.A. The RainbowB. Women in LoveC. Sons and LoversD. Lady Chatterley's Lover43. George Bernard Shaw's ______ explored his idea of "Life Force", the power that would create superior beings to be equal to God and to solve all the social, moral, and metaphysical problems of human society.A. Man and SupermanB. The Apple CartC. PygmalionD. Too True to Be Good44. D. H. Lawrence's artistic tendency is mainly ______ , which combines dramatic scenes with an authoritative commentary.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. modernism(201104)45. The typical representatives of G. B. Shaw’ s early plays are ________.A. Man and Superman; The Apple CartB. Widowers’ House; Mrs. Warren’ s ProfessionC. Candida; Mrs. Warren’ s Pro fessionD. The Apple Cart; Widowers’ House46. As a critic of music and drama, ________ held that art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people.A. T. S. EliotB. Oscar WildeC. George Bernard ShawD.W. B. Yeats47. Symbolism and complex narrative are employed more richly in D. H. Lawrence’s ________, which are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A. Women in Love; Sons and LoversB. The Rainbow; Women in LoveC. Sons and Love rs; Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. Lady Chatterley’ s Lover; The Rainbow48. T. S. Eliot won the Nobel Prize of Literature in ________.A. 1945B. 1948C. 1952D. 195649. G. B. Shaw’ s play ________ established his position as the leading playwright of his time.A. Widowers’ HousesB. Too True to Be GoodC.Mrs. Warren’ s ProfessionD. Candida50. T.S. Eliot’ s ________ not only presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation in the modern Western world, but also reflects the prevalent mood of disillusionment and despair of a whole post- war generation.A. The Hollow MenB. The Waste LandC. Murder in the Cath edralD. Ash Wednesday51. The plays known as “the Lawrence trilogy” are all the following EXCEPT ________.A.A Collier’ s Friday Nightdy Chatterley’ s LoverC. The Daughter - in - LawD. The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed(201107)52. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting MarriedB. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart53. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The TrespasserB. The White PeacockC. Sons and LoversD. The Rainbow54. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock”B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow MenD. Lyrical Ballads55. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow MenB. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday56. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw57. D. H. Lawrence’s novels ____________ are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A. The Rainbow; Women in LoveB. The Rainbow; Sons and LoversC. Sons and Lovers; Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s LoverReading Comprehension1.(200904)The following quotation is from one of the poems by T. S. Eliot:No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use,Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A. Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken.B. Who's the speaker of the quoted lines?C. What does the first line show about the speaker?Answer:A.The quoted part is taken from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”.B.Prufrock.C.The first line shows that Prufrock the speaker has something in common with Hamlet, as they are bothincapable of taking action.2.(200907)The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren’s Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business?Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. WARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to save in any other business?Could you save out of fou r shillings a week and keep yourself dressed as well? Not you. Of course, if you’ re a plain woman and cant earn anything more ; or if you have a turn for music, or the stage, or newspaper - writing ; that’s different...Questions:A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?Answer:A. It is written by George Bernard Shaw.B. Prostitution.C. The play explores the economic oppression of women. By describing Mrs. Warren and her sisters’sufferings, Shaw wants to show that in the dark capitalist society, honest women were forced to be prostitutes and were therefore looked down upon as shameful dirty women. The play explores the social causes of prostitution and thus sharply criticises capitalism.3. (201004)Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half- deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one -night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster- shells:(The lines above are taken from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S Eliot. )Questions:A. What does the poem present?B. What form is the poem composed in?C. What does the poem suggest?Answer:A.It presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage.B.The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue.C.It suggests an ironic contrast between a pretended “love song”and a confession of the speaker’sincapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world.Questions and Answers1.(200604) “North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the ChristianBrothers’ School set the boys free. An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind en d, detached from its neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturble faces.”Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the story from which this part is taken.B.What figure of speech is used in this passage?C.What tone does the quoted passage set for the whole story?2. (200804) (201104) It is said that B. Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, has a strong realistic theme,which fully reflects the dramati st’s Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.3. (200807) (201107)TheWaste Land is T.S.Eliot’s most important single poem.Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly.Answer:P 360 Second Paragraph.4. (200907)What are the main features of Bernard Shaw’s plays with regard to the theme, characterization and plot?Answer:A. Structually and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. As a realist dramatist, he took the modern social issues as his subjects with the aim of directing social reform.B. One feature of Shaw’s characterization is that he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another; another feature is that Shaw’s characters are the representatives of ideas, points of view, that shift and alter durign the play.C. Shaw’s plays have plots, but they do not work by plots.5. (201007) What are the features of George Bernard Shaw's characterization in his plays?Answer:P 323 third paragraphTopic Discussion(200907) Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic British writers and list one major work by each.Answer:A. Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism.B. The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism. After the First World War, all kinds of literart trends of modernism appeared: expressionism, surrealism, etc..C. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.D. Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism.E. James Joyce’s Ulysses, and T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land.。