新东方考研英语长难句笔记打印版
考研英语二备考长难句笔记
考研英语二备考长难句笔记
在备考考研英语二的过程中，长难句是一个难点和重点。
长难句的结构复杂，理解起来困难，因此有必要对其进行系统的总结和笔记，以便备考过程中更好地掌握和应对。
下面是一些关于备考考研英语二长难句的笔记要点：
1. 注意句子结构
长难句的结构往往复杂，包含多个从句和短语，理清句子结构是理解句意的关键。
在阅读过程中，要注意分析句子结构，找出句子的主谓宾等成分，辨别主要从句和从属从句，理解各个部分之间的逻辑关系。
2. 辨别名词性从句和主谓宾从句
在长难句中，常常出现名词性从句和主谓宾从句。
名词性从句作为主语、宾语或表语，主谓宾从句则作为句子的核心部分。
在理解长难句时，要能准确地辨别和理解这两种从句的作用和意义。
3. 注意语法关系和逻辑关系的统一
长难句中的各个成分之间既有语法上的关系，又有逻辑上的关系。
要做到语法关系和逻辑关系的统一，即理解句子中各个成分之
间的语法作用和逻辑关联。
只有统一理解了语法和逻辑，才能更好
地理解整个句子的意义。
4. 多练和模仿
长难句的理解需要通过大量的阅读和练来提高。
在备考过程中，要多读一些文学、哲学、科技等领域的文章，多接触不同类型的长
难句，积累经验并进行模仿。
通过模仿和练，可以提高对长难句的
理解和应用能力。
以上是备考考研英语二长难句的一些笔记要点，希望对你的备
考有所帮助。
在备考过程中，要保持坚持和不断的练习，相信你一
定能够攻克长难句这个难关，取得优异的成绩！。
考研英语长难句总结
考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。
新东方100句话涵盖所有考研词汇(pdf版)
新东方学校1、On this area of the sea, the pandas like to drink tea with peas in soda.在海里的这个地区，熊猫们喜欢就着苏打碗豆喝茶。
2、And the Oceanian militias like to go to cafeteria via the peninsula with a formula of dramas.而大洋州的民兵则喜欢经过半岛，带着编剧本的公式上餐厅去。
3、T### are extra operas as well as bananas in a cinema nearby. The zebra in this era get attracted by the antennas outside.附件的电影院里有额外的歌剧和香蕉，这一时代的斑马们被外面的天线所吸引。
4、The crab in lab wants to stab a lamb with his rib, whose limbs were like bulbs.实验室里的蟹想用它的肋骨去戳四肢象灯炮的小羊。
But the lamb uses her thumb to bomb the crab's dumb comb and sends it to the tomb.但小羊用拇指投了个炸弹，炸中了蟹的哑梳子，把它送进了坟墓。
5、Meanwhile, the mob outside robs her and the lamb sobs in the cafeteria.这时，门外的乌合之众抢劫了小羊，它只得在餐厅里抽泣。
6、So she absorbs herself in rubbing tubs in a club in the suburb, only to avoid being disturbed by the mob.于是它专心地躲在郊外的一个俱乐部里擦拭浴盆，逃避乌合之众们的打扰。
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：pay attention to：panic：2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：persistent：nightmare：work through：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：说到底，不管怎么说pay attention to：关注panic：n. 恐慌译文：总的来说，我们几乎没有理由在意所做的梦，除非它们使我们无法安睡或“从惊恐中醒来”，卡特赖特认为。
2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：遭受persistent：adj. 持续的nightmare：n. 噩梦work through：克服译文：那些长期遭受噩梦折磨的人应该寻求治疗专家帮助。
考研英语语法长难句
一、名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句，常用的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, what, who, which等。
例如：(1) That you failed the exam disappoints me.(2) Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain.2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which等。
例如：(1) She asked me if/whether I was available on that day.(2) The teacher told us what we should pay attention to.3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的成分，常用连词有：that, whether, what等。
例如：(1) The question is whether we can finish the project on time.(2) His problem is that he is not motivated enough.4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对某个名词或代词进行说明、解释或补充，置于该名词或代词之后，常用连词有：that, whether, what等。
例如：(1) The news that he got admitted to the top university excited his parents.(2) The fact that she lied to us made us lose trust in her.二、定语从句定语从句是修饰某个名词或代词的从句，常用的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等。
考研英语长难句
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、策划书、条据书信、主持稿、合同协议、规章制度、职业规划、心得体会、教学资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as work summaries, planning books, policy letters, hosting drafts, contract agreements, rules and regulations, career plans, insights, teaching materials, other sample essays, and more. If you would like to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!考研英语长难句考研英语长难句【通用】考研英语长难句11、If it did， it would open up its diversity program， now focused narrowly on race and gender， and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook， values， education， and class.[译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。
考研英语常考长难句与典型例句含译文翻译版made
考研英语常考长难句与典型例句含译文翻译版made for1、A bird is safe in its nest —but that is not what its wings are made for.小鸟在巢中最安全，但翅膀可不是为此而生的。
2、There are no easy answers, there's only living through the questions.生活从来没有容易的答案，只有去克服重重问题。
3、To exist is to change, to change is to mature, to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly.生存就意味着去改变，改变就意味着成熟，而成熟就意味着孜孜不倦地创造自我。
4、We can take mysterious,hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine, just as sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone.我们可以把神秘、不可预知的未来塑造成我们想象中的任何模样，犹如雕刻家将未成形的石头刻成雕像一样。
5、The greater a man is ,the more distasteful is praise and flattery to him.一个人越伟大，对表扬和奉承就越反感。
6、The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things. with his hand, with his mind, with his will.人们渴求有一种成就感，渴望有能力用自己的手、用自己的脑、用自己的意志办事。
7、The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want,and if they cannot find them, they make them.在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。
考研英语：长难句(按语法分类)
保证原创精品已受版权保护剑6长难句with 独立主格：With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.—考研剑六Text1从句嵌套结构：Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model, based on what they expect will be the winning times. —考研剑六Text1强调句It is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and , thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky.---考研剑6 text2形式宾语：The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizse allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. .---考研剑6 text2定语从句/同位语从句：There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport.---考研剑6 text 3虚拟语气（混合）If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today's population.---考研剑6Text4定语从句介词提前：And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate.---考研剑6Text5省略句：European languages, when traced back to their earlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions. ---考研剑6Text61。
考研英语高频长难句分析详解-全考点
考研英语高频长难句分析详解-全考点长难句Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.成分拆分主语Many consumers谓语seem宾语to have been influenced主语investors谓语view状语as a necessary ingredient定语to a sustained boom单词解释ingredient [ɪnˈgri:diənt] n. 因素boom [buːm] n. / v. 繁荣，轰鸣，激增swing [swɪŋ] vt. 挥舞，摆动n. 秋千语法分析本句是一个被动句型，逗号前面是句子的主干部分，逗号后面是which引导的非限定性定语从句，对stock -market swings 进行补充说明，其中as a necessary ingredient (to a sustained boom)作宾补。
译文许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，但投资者将此看作是持续繁荣的必要因素。
长难句At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.成分拆分主语the ABCs谓语get宾语their awards first主语most people谓语are literally having宾语 a ZZZ单词解释award [ə'wɔrd] n. 奖品，奖励ceremony [ˈserɪmənɪ] n. 典礼，仪式，礼节语法分析本句是一个并列句，由两个并列分句组成，中间以分号连接。
考研英语长难句解析必考点详解
考研英语长难句解析必考点详解第1句：让步状语从句，定语从句Although happiness is a door that is always open, we are the ones whohave to decide if we are going to walk through the door.长句分析：1.although 引导让步状语从句；在该从句中that引导了一个定语从句，修习先行词a door, 并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分；2.在主句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones，并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分；3.在定语从句who have to decide中，if引导宾语从句，做decide宾语；长句翻译：虽然幸福是一扇永远敞开的门，但我们是决定是否要走进这扇门的人。
第2句：宾语从句，强调句型He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy长句分析：1. Realized是主句的谓语动词，后面的that是一个宾语从句；2. That引导的宾语从句是一个强调句型：去掉it wash…that…, 宾语从句的正常语序为his laziness made him poor and unhappy；重要词汇语法解析：1. suddenly ：突然；忽然；猛然；骤然；2. realize: 实现；意识到；领悟；理解；3. laziness: 懒惰；4. make + somebody + 形容词：使某人处于某种状态。
形容词为宾语somebody的宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明5. 强调句型的结构：It is(was) + 被强调的部分+ that(who) + 其他剩余部分。
该句型可以用来强调主语，宾语，状语，但是不可以强调谓语；6. 强调句型判断标准：去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
考研英语长难句重点难点解析含译文翻译oul
考研英语长难句重点难点解析含译文翻译1.（用于否定句中）一个人也（没有）I've never harmed a soul in my life.我这一生从未伤害过任何人。
There was not a soul there.那里一个人也没有。
I promise I won't tell a soul.我保证不告诉任何人。
2.（对艺术，音乐，文学等的）审美能力He thinks that anyone who doesn't like poetry has no soul.他认为，不喜欢诗歌的人都缺乏审美能力。
3.一个人的内在性格，包含他真实的思想感情The eyes are the windows to the soul.眼睛是心灵的窗户。
Music that soothes your soul.抚慰灵魂的音乐。
4.精神、道德的艺术品质In my view, fine art feeds the mind and soul.我认为，美术滋养人的思想和灵魂。
5.完美的品质He is the very soul of discretion.他是个极能保守秘密的人。
与soul有关的短语：good for the soul:Walking is good for the soul.'散步对人有好处。
heart and soulThey threw themselves heart and soul into the project. 他们全身心地投入到这项工程中。
keep body and soul togetherThey barely have enough money to keep body and soul together.他们的钱勉强能维持生活。
1. 到处，四处He wandered around the streets, looking in shop windows.他在街上闲逛，看看商店橱窗。
考研英语长难句120句
考研英语长难句120句精选下面是的考研英语长难句，希望对大家有所帮助。
1. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, aresult that has been reinforced by the widespreadintroduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nieenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.2. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.3. This overlooked the fact that the poor nations now can borrow the technologies of more developed nations, some of which will be readily adaptable to their own environments, and improve their techniques of production very rapidly.4. Niy-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, and even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions.5. As families move away from their stable munity, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it theconfidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.6. We have enriched our lives by creating physicalmobility through the motor-car, the jet aeroplane, and other means of mechanical transport; and we have added to our in ectual mobility by the telephone, radio, and television.7. He extends his own energies by the generation and transmission of power and his nervous system and his thinking and decision –making faculties through automation.8. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being pared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.9. Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential fora teacher to have a great capacity for sympathy, a capacityto understand the minds and feelings of other people and, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, theminds and feelings of children.10. This is the world out of which grows the hope, forthe first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.11. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specificdemands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detail.12. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the mon people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive.13. Closely related with this is the capacity to betolerant –not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.14. Proponents believe that may permanently change the baby's structure, functioning and metabolism, setting it upto be more vulnerable than normal to the development in adulthood of heart disease and related disorders such as high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes.15. Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of arts that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.16. New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.17. Never mind something as plex as conversation: themost powerful puters struggle to reliably recognize the shapeof an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.18. Few changes in the domestic American economy in the postwar period appear to me to be as significant and as inadequately recognized, particularly by national policy makers, as those changes—heavily influenced by technology—which increasingly bind the domestic economy to the rest of the world, and make it a more independent sub-element of a larger and more powerful economic system.19. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.20. In a critique published this week in The Lancet medical journal, scientists conclude that the reported link between low birth weight and higher blood pressure later in life, an early cornerstone of the theory, may not be as strong as previously thought.21. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.22. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man.23. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.24. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.25. In 1993, there was an explosion in a population of rodents in southwestern United States that spread hantavirus syndrome, a lung infection, after a drought that killed off the rodents' predators was quickly followed by heavy rains that expanded the rats' food supply.26. She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down(使不突出)their visibility.”27. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in mon something that can be called "human nature."28. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is bornas a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.29. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a puter, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery.30. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.31. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.32. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over-weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease.33. Science fiction is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo from the future that is being into the present that is sculpting it.34. It is the capacity of the puter for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.35. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership orit could create new insecurities.36. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a suessful revolution a prehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.37. Yet Walzer’s argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism—namely, that it brings to predominant positions those people who, however legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those important qualities which evoke affection or admiration.38. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.39. The theory, known as the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis, postulates that when a fetus is undernourished, it diverts resources to areas it really needs at the time, such as the brain, at the expense of organs it will need later in life, such as the lungs.40. Whether the productivity gains that result from new industries based on new technology are properly reflected inthe indices we use to measure productivity or not, each of these industries has given us a quantum jump in productivity, no matter how you choose to define it.41. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, bined witha cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctively important social science.42. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Tailor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle’s.43. The question of whether the decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still remains unanswered.44. President Bush, in a June 11 speech on global climate change, described as "fatally flawed" the 1997 treaty negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, by the United States and other industrial countries but later rejected by the Bush Administration.45. Given the great expense of conducting such experiments with proper controls, and the limited promise ofexperiments performed thus far, it is questionable whether further experiments in this area should even be conducted.46. One of the first measures proposed by president Franklin D .Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress.47. As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and plexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment required for carrying out research aurately and efficiently.48. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem solving are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors ourring in advanced engineering systems.49. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in mon scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and plex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.50. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more aurate in its measurement than the former.51. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had oasion to set in motion a plex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.52. The patients attending the out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the form of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills or a small jar of ointment.53. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are over-worked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living and the need for abandoning bad habits, etc, the bottle, the box and the jar are almost always granted them.54. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Tailor, he went offimmediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle’s.55. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and forted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he has tened to Henry Tailor’s house.56. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SCIENCE FICTIONwriters exhibit an implicit conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or ofhistorical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future.57. The underlying assumption of every kind of government by wisers and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a government treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the government must take into aount.58. While it is perhaps puzzling that Jordan and Turner do not see that there is no logic that requires dualism as a philosophical basis for preservation, more puzzling is the sharpness and ruthlessness of their attack on preservationists, reinforced by the fact that they offer little, if any, criticism of those who have robbed thenatural world.59. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents’ eyelids in death, and who have experienced the additional distance from death provided by two world wars are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the tremendous significance – for the future – of the way we live our lives.60. Aeptance of the inevitability of death, which, when faced, can give dignity to life, and aeptance of our inescapable role in the modern world, might transmute our anxiety about making the right choices, taking the right precautions and the right risks into the sterner stuff of responsibility, which ennobles the whole face rather than furrowing the forehead with little wrinkles of worry.模板,内容仅供参考。
新东方考研英语长难句分析
考研英语长难句分析技巧及实战70例长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
托福阅读长难句120句,新东方版
托福阅读120句长难句分析新东方版1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
考研英语常考长难句结构解析附译文整套
考研英语常考长难句结构解析附译文The Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, reckons that the government needs annual savings worth around £60bn ($67bn) to fill in the holes created by the tax cuts, rising debt-interest costs and a deteriorating economic outlook.【词汇】The Institute for Fiscal Studies 财政研究所think-tank n. 智库（指专门从事开发性研究的咨询研究机构）reckon [ˈrekən] v. 估计，认为annual [ˈænjuəl] adj. 每年的saving [ˈseɪvɪŋ] n. 节约，节省deteriorating [dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪŋ] adj. 恶化的（deteriorate的分词形式）outlook [ˈaʊtlʊk] n. 前景【句子结构】✔句子主干：The Institute for Fiscal Studies reckons that...✔宾语从句：the government needs annual savings✔定语1：worth around £60bn ($67bn)✔状语：to fill in the holes✔定语2：created by the tax cuts, rising debt-interest costs and a deteriorating economic outlook✔同位语：a think-tank【原文】The Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, reckons that the government needs annual savings worth around £60bn ($67bn) to fill in the holes created by the tax cuts, rising debt-interest costs and a deteriorating economic outlook.【译文】据智库财政研究所估计，英国政府每年需节省约600亿英镑（约合670亿美元），才能填补因减税、债务利息成本攀升与经济前景恶化而造成的财政缺口。
长难句练习题(打印版)
长难句练习题（打印版）一、阅读理解1. Despite the fact that the company has been facing numerous challenges in the past few years, its management has beenable to successfully navigate through the turbulent times, ensuring the company's continued growth and profitability.2. The researchers conducted a comprehensive study on the effects of social media on mental health, revealing that excessive use can lead to increased levels of anxiety and depression among teenagers.3. In an effort to reduce carbon emissions, the governmenthas implemented a series of policies aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy sources and encouraging the public to adopt more environmentally friendly practices.4. The novel explores the complex dynamics of family relationships, delving into the intricacies of love, betrayal, and forgiveness, as seen through the eyes of the protagonist who must confront her own past in order to move forward.5. The debate over the ethical implications of genetic engineering has intensified in recent years, with somearguing that the technology could lead to significant advancements in medicine, while others warn of the potential dangers of playing God with the building blocks of life.二、填空题6. While the benefits of exercise are well-documented, many people still struggle to incorporate it into their daily routines, often citing a lack of time or motivation as the primary reasons for their inactivity.7. The artist's latest exhibition features a series of abstract paintings that challenge conventional notions of beauty and form, pushing the boundaries of what can be considered art.8. The economist's analysis of the current economic climate suggests that, despite the recent downturn, the market is poised for a recovery, with several key indicators pointing towards growth in the coming months.9. The study on the impact of diet on cognitive function found that individuals who consumed a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains experienced significant improvements in memory and concentration.10. The environmentalist's call for immediate action to address climate change has resonated with many, as the consequences of inaction become increasingly apparent, with rising sea levels and more frequent natural disasters.三、改写句子11. The new policy, which was designed to reduce traffic congestion, has been met with mixed reactions from the public, with some praising its effectiveness while others criticizeits implementation.12. Although the team faced numerous setbacks during the development of their product, they persevered and ultimately succeeded in launching a groundbreaking innovation that hasthe potential to revolutionize the industry.13. The historian's in-depth examination of ancientcivilizations has shed new light on their cultural practices, providing a richer understanding of the complex societiesthat existed thousands of years ago.14. The chef's innovative approach to cooking combines traditional techniques with modern flavors, creating a unique culinary experience that has earned him widespread acclaim.15. The psychologist's research into the effects of stress on mental health has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at helping individuals cope with the pressures of daily life.请根据以上练习题，进行长难句的练习，以提高阅读理解和语言表达能力。
考研英语常考长难句结构解析含译文24版全
考研英语常考长难句结构解析含译文In a 2016 study, researchers successfully showed that strokes had more severe outcomes in rats who experienced light-dark cycle shifts similar to humans in shift work positions.【词汇】stroke [stroʊk] n. 中风severe [sɪˈvɪr] adj. 十分严重的light-dark cycle shift 明暗周期轮换shift work position 倒班（轮班）工作【句子结构】✔句子主干：researchers showed that...✔宾语从句：strokes had more severe outcomes in rats...✔定语从句：who experienced light-dark cycle shifts similar to humans in shift work positions✔状语：In a 2016 study; successfully【原文】In a 2016 study, researchers successfully showed that strokes had more severe outcomes in rats who experienced light-dark cycle shifts similar to humans in shift work positions.【译文】2016年的一项研究中，研究着成功证明，经历了类似于人类轮班工作的明暗周期轮换的老鼠，会遭受更为严重的中风后果。
Manufacturing surveys register their weakest results since the early days of the pandemic, but that may be because consumers are still rebalancing their spending after the worst phase of the pandemic.【词汇】Manufacturing surveys 制造业调查register [ˈredʒɪstər] v. 显示rebalance [riːˈbæləns] v. 重新平衡，调整phase [feɪz] n. 阶段，时期pandemic [pænˈdemɪk] n. 疫情【句子结构】✔句子主干：Manufacturing surveys register their weakest results, but that may be...✔状语1：since the early days of the pandemic✔表语从句：because consumers are still rebalancing their spending✔状语2：after the worst phase of the pandemic【原文】Manufacturing surveys register their weakest results since the early days of the pandemic, but that may be because consumers are still rebalancing their spending after the worst phase of the pandemic.【译文】自疫情初期以来，调查结果显示制造业是发展最弱的，但这可能是因为消费者即便在疫情最严重阶段过去后，仍在重新平衡支出。
考研英语常考长难句结构解析含译文整套
考研英语常考长难句结构解析含译文The Greenland ice sheet, which recent studies warn may be approaching a melting “tipping point”, contains enough frozen water to lift Earth’s oceans some six meters.【词汇】The Greenland ice sheet 格陵兰冰盖approach [əˈproʊtʃ] v. 接近，靠近a melting “tipping point”融化的“临界点”contain [kənˈteɪn] v. 包含，含有lift [lɪft] v. 抬高，提升some [sʌm] adv. 大约，差不多【句子结构】✔句子主干：The Greenland ice sheet contains enough frozen water✔状语：to lift Earth’s oceans some six meters✔定语从句：which recent studies warn may be approaching a melting “tipping point”【原文】The Greenland ice sheet, which recent studies warn may be approaching a melting “tipping point”, contains enough frozen water to lift Earth’s oceans some six meters.【译文】最近的研究警告说，格陵兰冰盖可能正在接近融化的“临界点”，它含有的冰冻水足以使地球的海面上升约6米。
Though Mr Judge’s analysis revealed emotional stability and general diligence were crucial to managerial effectiveness, extrovert qualities such as sociability were also telling factors.【词汇】reveal [rɪˈviːl] v. 揭示，表明stability [stəˈbɪləti] n. 稳定性diligence [ˈdɪlɪdʒəns] n. 勤奋crucial [ˈkruːʃ(ə)l] adj. 至关重要的，决定性的managerial [ˌmænəˈdʒɪriəl] adj. 管理上的extrovert [ˈekstrəvɜːrt] adj. 外向的，活泼友好的sociability [ˌsoʊʃəˈbɪləti] n. 善于交际，社交性telling [ˈtelɪŋ] adj. 强有力的，有重大影响的【句子结构】✔句子主干：extrovert qualities were also telling factors✔列举性同位语：such as sociability✔状语从句：Though Mr Judge’s analysis revealed...✔宾语从句：emotional stability and general diligence were crucial to managerial effectiveness【原文】Though Mr Judge’s analysis revealed emotional stability and general diligence were crucial to managerial effectiveness, extrovert qualities such as sociability were also telling factors.【译文】虽然贾奇先生的分析显示，情绪稳定和（总体）勤奋对管理效率至关重要，但外向的品质，如社交能力，也是很重要的要素。
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新东方考研英语长难句一、课程简介：1、考研的两个难点：词汇和长难句；2、攻克长难句对于考研的意义：完型、阅读、新题型、翻译；3、如何攻克长难句：剖析其结构、总结其特征、推敲其译文；4、阅读和翻译部分的长难句进行剖析；二、理解和翻译长难句的两个关键问题和三个要素（一）两个关键问题1、理解不到位。
解决方法：从结构入手五大基本句型：①主+谓I simled.②主+谓+宾I like you.③主+谓+间宾+直宾I give you my heart.④主+谓+宾+宾补You make me crazy.⑤主+系+表You are so pretty.只要我们在分析句子的时候，先抓住句子的主干，就可以掌握本句的主要意思。
然后再去分析其他的修饰成分，修饰成分包含：定语、状语、补语，以及插入语。
举例：（94年翻译72题）Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.方法：先找主干结构：主语、谓语、宾语、修饰成分参考译文：多年以来，工具和技术他们本身作为一个根本革新的源泉在很大程度上已经位历史学家和科学哲学家所忽视。
复合句：先抓住句子的主句，再看看有没有什么从句：包含状语从句，定语从句，名词性从句这三种从句。
举例：94年74题：Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth..（注意：两个That）参考译文：伽利略最伟大的成就是在1609年他是第一个把新发明的望远镜对准太空以证明行星是围绕太阳转而不是围绕地球转。
解决理解不到位的问题的根本和关键还是要看结构：简单句——主干结构，然后把相关的定语、状语以及插入语放在该放的位置。
复杂句——根据连接词断句，然后分析各个从句的主干结构。
2、表达不通顺：解决方法：四个原则原则一：主干结构顺线走（主谓宾，主系表等结构顺序不能变）；原则二：定语状语往前勾（后置定语多前置，定语从句有特例，结果状语也特例）；原则三：前因后果多主动（符合汉语的习惯）；原则四：名词从句依序翻（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）；（二）三类理解和翻译长难句的要素1、第一类：词法(专有名词，代词，动词的习惯用法和多义词以及生词的翻译)A、专有名词：专有名词分为两类：第一类是人名、地名、组织机构名等等，Galileo伽利略；Pearson 皮尔森第二类是某个专业的术语：he Big Bang；Bird Flu；Mad Cow Disease；Tornado；Hurricane；Typhoon；black hole；collapsarB、代词：this 这，that 那，it 它，them 他们C、动词的习惯用法：背单词的方法D、多义词：School 学校，学院，学派比如说，the school of Aristotle; 亚里斯多德学派——表面义不可靠，上下文重要E、熟词生义词：set ；invite；TellF、生词：augment. v.增加, 增大n.增加；auction n.拍卖vt.拍卖。
99年75题：View…as equat…with..2、第二类：考察一般性翻译技巧，包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换，增词法等等(1)词义选择：You know a word by his company it keeps.“知人看伴，知词看文”。
1) 分析上下文。
2）根据汉语习惯搭配选择词义。
Delicate精致的，精巧的；Delicate skin.细腻的肌肤；Delicate difference.细微的差别Delicate diplomatic relation微妙的外交关系。
as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. freedom and dignity.(2)词序调整centralized control中央控制；behavioral science行为科学；natural selection自然选择the inflationary universe theory膨胀宇宙理论——宇宙膨胀说(3)词性转换The emphasis on data gathered first-hand——对于收集第一手资料的强调；强调收集第一手资料(4)增词法Look into the pas 观察过去的（东西，情况，事物，问题，景象）；In evolution在进化过程里我们要在抽象词汇的翻译上要注意翻译时根据汉语习惯增加表示范畴和概念的词来使得译文更加具体和可读。
如：问题，情况，状态，关系，东西，过程、结果等。
3、第三类：考察具体的句型的翻译方法。
包括定语和定语从句，状语和状语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，并列结构，比较结构，省略结构，强调结构，插入结构，被动结构，形式主语，there be 句型等等。
（三）、中英文的五大差异第一形合和意合；第二繁复和简洁；第三被动和主动；第四抽象和具体；第五变化和反复。
第一形合和意合，句法、词汇、词义☆用前两种手段连接称为形合，(英语) ☆用后一种手段连接称为意合。
(汉语)举例：他不来，我不走。
即：I won’t go unless he comes. 或者我们说：I will stay until he comes.再比如：马致远，天净沙.秋思枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
第二英语多繁杂，汉语多简洁。
Mr. Song is my English teacher who is fat, short, bald but still attractive.他是我的那个体态肥胖，身材矮小，头发掉光仍魅力无限的英语老师他是我们的英语教师，体态肥胖，身材矮小，头发掉光，但仍魅力四射。
第三英语多被动，汉语多主动。
英语是喜欢用被动的么？错！！！第四英语多抽象，汉语多具体。
第五英语多变化，汉语多重复99年翻译75题。
第6页75题It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.view…as 把…看作equate…with …把….等同于三、理解和翻译步骤步骤分为四步：第一步：仔细阅读，划分结构；第二步：推敲词义，理顺关系；第三步：顺理成章，组合成文；第四部：仔细核对，确保高分四、定语的翻译方法（一）前置定语——直来直去94年71题里的：ordinary things 普通的东西（事物）形容词作定语72题里的：scientific revolution 科技革命形容词作定语75题里的：Driving force 驱动力现在分词作定语（二）后置定语1.简单的后置定语——倒转乾坤the information used 所使用的信息；the qualities to be measured 所要测定的特征。
2.复杂的后置定语——一拆为二当一个单词或是词组的后置定语的意义和结构较为复杂的时候，我们把它倒置放在被修饰的单词或是词组的前面显得过于臃肿，这时我们就要考虑把后置定语拆开单独翻译，这种方法我们称之为：一拆为二96年的71题：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 其中一些原因完全是社会需求的必然结果，其它原因则是科学领域当中一些特定发展的必然结果，科学在某种程度上是自我发展的。
Cause原因，起因，理由，理想，目标，事业reasonable的意思有“合理的，有道理的，自然而然的，必然的a reasonable price 公平的价格；a reasonable man 通情达理的人Consequences=results结果，后果；particular advances特定的发展；accelerating 加速的，促进的self-abandoned 自暴自弃的, 放纵的self-adjusting 自动调节的self-aware 自知的，自明的，有自知之明的self-conceit 自负, 自大self-care 自顾self-deceiving 自欺的, 欺人的, 自欺欺人的self-defence 自卫self-devotion 献身, 自我牺牲self-respect 自尊, 自重self-satisfied 自鸣得意的, 自满的self-serving 自私的, 自私自利的其中一些原因完全是社会需求的必然结果，其它原因则是科学领域当中一些特定发展的必然结果，科学在某种程度上是自我发展的。
3.多重后置定语——后浪推前浪比如大家看：the insights of great men of geniusthe evidence from experience concerning comparative validitypart of an exchange of duties and entitlements.典型特征：A（中心词）+介词（of）+B+介词（of）+C+….翻译技巧：后浪推前浪the insights of great men of genius 天才伟人的真知灼见the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity 有关相对效度的经验证据part of an exchange of duties and entitlements 义务与权利相交换的部分99年翻译题74There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一/人们没有一致意见。