牛津英语模块一Unit3重点词汇讲解

牛津英语M１U3 重点词汇讲解
1.make 后接名词、形容词、省略to 的动词不定式或过去分词等作宾补。

例如：
The workers made him head of the workshop. 工人们选他当车间主任。

A heavy rain made the road rather slippery. 一场大雨使道路相当滑。

He began to make faces just in order to make the other students laugh.
I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高声音为的是让别人听见我的话。

2.stay 保持，是系动词，后接形容词，副词，介词。

（注意和remain与keep的区别）
The weather has stayed warm all week.
stay up 不睡觉、熬夜stay in 呆在家里stay still 静止不动
3．be dying to do=have a strong desire to do=be anxious / eager to do sth. 常用于口语，意为“很想做某事”或“渴望做某事”。

例：I’m dying to see you. 我渴望见到你。

There was a time when many young people were dying to go abroad.
类似的短语有be thirsty for sth.(渴望得到某物)，long for sth.(渴望得到某物)，expect to do sth. (期望做某事)，wish to do sth.(希望做某事)，hope to do sth.(希望做某事)。

be dying for something
He is dying for a cigarette. 他很想要香烟。

She is dying for a cup of coffee. 她很想要一杯咖啡
4.hear form 与hear of/about
①hear from sb.= receive one’s letter / telephone 意为“收到某人的来信/电话”。

例如：
I’m looking forwar d to hearing from you. 我期待收到你的来信。

② hear of / about sth. 意为“知道某事”或“听说过某事”。

例如：
I’ve never heard of this story. 我从未听说过这个故事。

5.figure n．
①体态，体型She has an attractive figure.
How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?
②人物，名人He has become a figure known to everyone.
③数字Add up these figures.
④画像，肖像The stone figures in the temple look frightening.
【短语】figure out = ①come to understand by thinking 弄明白，理解
= ② calculate 计算出
have/ keep a good figure 拥有/保持好身材be good / poor at figures 擅长/不擅长计算
6.work out 的用法
①它可表示“锻炼”或“运动”。

例如：
The famous actors keep fit by working out in the gym every day.
这些著名的演员们通过每天在健身房做大量的运动来保持健康。

②它可表示“计算出”或“解决”。

例如：
I have worked out the expenses of the month. 我已经计算出这个月的开支。

③它可表示“计划”或“设计”。

例如：
We must work out a plan as quickly as possible. 我们必须尽快地做出计划。

④它可表示“结果”。

例如：
We didn’t plan our art exhibition, but it worked out very well.
我们并没有计划我们的艺术展览，但它的展出结果非常令人满意。

⑤它可表示“理解”。

例如：
The plot is very complicated, and it’ll take you a while to work it ou t.
情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。

⑥它可表示“按某种方式发生”。

例如：
Financially, things have worked out very well for us. 我们的经济情况很好。

7．辨析：especially, specially
① especially 意为“非常地”或“尤其”，通常用于强调某事物，或表示该事物比其他谈论的事物更值得一提或重要。

例如：
It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night.
I hate interruptions, especially when I’m trying to work. 我不喜欢被打断，尤其是在工作时间。

② specially 表示“专门地”。

通常用于表示所做之事因某种特殊目的而异于平常。

例如：
I have come specially to see you. 我专门来看你的。

8. weight ①n (U) 重量，体重
lose weight put on weight = gain wei ght watch one’s weight 注意体重
buy or sell sth. by weight按某物的重量买卖in weight 在重量方面
be of a weight=be of the same weight 一样重(be of an age=be of the same age 年龄一样大)
注：提问“……多重，重量多少”时用what, 不用how much. What’s you r weight?
② weigh v. 称…的重量; 权衡How much do you weigh?
weigh your words before you speak
9. ashamed 的用法
① be ashamed of sth.意为“对(某事)感到羞愧或难为情”。

例如：
He is ashamed of his failure. 他对自己的失败感到惭愧。

另外，表示“做了某事而感到羞愧”习惯用be ashamed of doing sth. 或be ashamed of having done sth.。

例如：He is ashamed of having failed. 他为自己的失败而羞愧。

be ashamed to do sth. 因惭愧而不情愿做某事
②辨析：ashamed, shameful
ashamed 意为“感到羞耻的”或“羞愧的”，它一般作表语或后置定语。

shameful 意为“可耻的”或“令人羞耻的”。

它是贬义词。

例如：She felt ashamed. 她感到羞愧。

What a shameful thing he did just now! 他刚才做了一件多么可耻的事啊!
注：to one’s shame 令人感到羞耻的是
10. work
①它作动词时可意为“能”、“行得通”、“生效”或“起作用”。

例如：
Your idea won’t work in practice. 你的想法在实践中是行不通的。

Does this light work? 这个灯还亮吗？The medicine worked. 那药物产生了作用。

②它作动词时可意为“做工作”。

例如：
Many people have to work in order to make a living. 大多数人为生存而不得不工作。

He is working on a new novel. 他在写一本新小说。

③它作动词时可表示“(机器等)运转”或“操作(机器等)”。

例如：
The machine works by electricity. 这台机器是电动的。

Can you work this machine? 你能操作这台机器吗？
④它作不可数名词时可意为“工作”。

例如：
He has a piece of work. 他有工作。

⑤它作可数名词。

“作品”或“著作”时是可数名词，复数时表示一个人的全部著作。

例如：
This is a new work of his novels. 这是他小说中的最新一部。

He has read many of Hemingway’s works. 他读过许多海明威的作品。

11. priceless=invaluable adj 贵重的无价的I think your advice priceless。

worthless=valueless=useless 无价值的These old papers are worthless（valueless=useless.）
12. recover 作动词时有以下含义：
①它意为“恢复健康”或“恢复体力、能力”等时常与from 连用。

例如：
recover one’s strength/health 恢复体力/健康
Has the manager recovered from the shock yet? 经理从那次打击中恢复过来了吗？
He is very ill and unlikely to recover from his illness. 他病得很厉害，看样子很难康复。

②它可表示“找回”。

例如：
The police recovered the stolen jewelry. 警方找回了被偷的珠宝。

③它可表示“恢复到适当的状态或位置”。

例如：
He almost fell, but succeeded in recovering himself. 他差一点摔倒，但又恢复了平衡。

13.damage
①它作为不可数名词时意为“损害”或“损失”。

例如：
Frost caused heavy damage. 霜冻造成了严重的损失。

Human activities are doing great damage to the earth. 人类活动正严重损害着地球。

②它作动词时意为“损害”、“损伤”或“破坏”。

例如：
The heavy rain damaged the bridge. 这场大雨把桥给毁了。

Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。

(2) 辨析：damage, destroy, harm , ruin
① damage 可用来指不同程度的损害、破坏。

例如：
Don’t you realize the damage these chemicals are doing to our environments?
你难道没有意识到这些化学物质正在对我们的环境造成破坏吗？
②destroy 常指毁灭性的破坏，不可修复。

可指肉体或精神的彻底摧毁，也可指物体的完全毁坏。

例如：All the houses were destroyed in the terrible earthquake.
③ harm 指身心健康受到伤害。

例如：
Studying hard won’t harm you! 努力学习对你没害处！
④ruin 强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人或物毁坏到不复存在、面目全非的地步。

既可以具体东西的毁坏，也可指抽象事物的毁坏。

也可作名词。

The storm ruined the crops. The house across the street is in ruins.
14.worth
①它作介词时意为“相当于……的价值”或“值得……”。

be worth 后加名词或代词时，表示价钱或价值。

例：
This car is worth more than 40,000 pounds. 这辆小车值4 万多英镑。

We work hard, but it is worth it. 我们努力工作，这是值得的。

另外，be worth 后加doing 时意为“值得做某事”。

注意，doing 是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

例如：
The book is so interesting that it is well worth reading. 这本书如此有趣，非常值得一读。

②它作名词时意为“价值”或“用处”。

例如：
Eliot’s poems are of more lasting worth than the plays. 艾略特的诗歌比他的剧本更具持久性的价值。

由worth 派生出的相关词汇
①worthwhile 是形容词，意为“值得花时间(精力、金钱)的”。

例如：
The book is well worthwhile reading. 这本书很值得读。

She said life wouldn’t be worthwhile living without friendship.
It’s hardly worthwhile troubling about. 这事几乎不值得去麻烦。

② worthy 是形容词，意为“值得……的，应……的，足以……的”。

例如：
This is a cause worthy of support. 这是一项值得支持的事业。

15.embarrass
① embarrass 的形容词形式有两种：embarrassing 和embarrassed。

前者意为“令人尴尬的”；后者意为“对……感到难为情的”或“感到不安的”。

例如：
It’s an embarrassing thing to both of them. 这对他们两个来说都是令人尴尬的事。

He was embarrassed about that stupid mistake. 他为那个愚蠢的错误而感到难为情。

② embarrass 作动词时意为“使尴尬”。

例如：
The old woman’s blunt questions embarrassed her, making her momentarily tongue-tied. 老妇人不客气地提出一些问题，使她很尴尬，一时语塞。

③ embarrassment 作名词时意为“尴尬”。

例如：
He could not hide his embarrassment at his children’s rudeness.
e across
c ome across “不期而遇、偶然遇见”, 类似的用法还有meet with和run into。

例如：
I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。

I came across these old photos recently. 最近我偶然发现了这些旧照片。

She met with an old friend at a dinner party. 她在一次宴会上偶然遇到一位老朋友。

I ran into Bob yesterday on main street. 昨天我在大街上偶然遇到了鲍勃。

17. failure n. 失败(u) ；衰退，衰竭（u,c）
end in failure以失败而告终liver failure肝脏衰竭power failure电源故障
Failure is the mother of success. She died of heart failure.
fail v.Words failed me. 无法用言语表达
18. include, contain
① include vt. 着重指被包含的是整体的一部分，常以including (prep.)或included出现在短语中
The price includes both house and furniture.
including prep.
I have brought everything you’ll need, including a guidebook/ a guidebook included.
② contain vt. 着重指其中容纳或装载的量，或表示包含在内的成分或成分的一部分；如：包含
的成分，章节，某一范围或容器内容纳。

不用于进行时。

This book contains all the information you need. 19.follow
vt. 跟随，跟踪 The baby followed the mother to the bedroom. vt. 沿着走 Follow the road until you see the yellow building. vt. 遵循，依照 Students must follow the school rules. vt. 听懂，理解 He spoke too fast for me to follow. 【拓展】 following adj. 接着的，下述的，下面的
He said he would come the following day, but he didn’t. 【短语】 as follows 如下 The rules they worked out are as follows.
to be followed 待续 follow one’s advice follow the fashion
20. advise, advice, suggest, suggestion 的用法：
① advice 和 suggestion 都可以作“建议”解释，都是名词。

但advice 是不可数名词，因此可以这样表示：a piece of advice, some advice 等，经常构成这样的结构：give advice, take advice, follow advice, ask for advice 等；suggestion 是可数名词，常与make 连用。

Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 你能就如何学好英语给我提些建议？ I have a suggestion to make. 我要提个建议。

② advise 是advice 的动词，经常构成如下的结构：
名词/代词 advise + doing sth. sb. to do sth.
that 从句（should+动词原形）
The doctor advises a complete rest. 意思建议要完全休息。

I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。

The doctor advised me to get more exercise. 医生建议我要多进行锻炼。

Please advise me if I (should) accept it. 请你告诉我是否该接受它。

③ suggest 是suggestion 的动词，经常用于这样的结构： (sb.) doing sth. suggest + that 从句
to sb. that 从句
注意：suggest 后面跟宾语从句时，如果作“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，即用should+ 动词原形，should 可以省略；但如果suggest 作“表明、暗示”讲时，则不用虚拟语气。

21. attractive adj. 吸引人的, 有魅力的
Suzhou is one of the most attractive cities in China. 苏州是中国最具魅力城市之一。

【拓展】 attract vt. 吸引 The beautiful dresses in the store attract many young girls. attraction n. 吸引, 吸引力, 吸引人的事物
attract one’s attention a tourist at traction have an/ no/ a little/ much attraction for sb. This exciting online game is an attraction to these boys. There are quite a few tourist attractions in Beijing. 22. pressure n. 压力 (v. press )
bring pressure on someone(to do sth.), put pressure on someone(to do sth.) , under the pressure of….., be/ go under pressure, high blood pressure
23. diet
指习惯上吃的食物，又指规定的食物，特指维持健康的定质或定量的食物。

put sb on a diet 限制某人的饮食。

be / go on a diet 在节食，吃规定的食物。

food 是一般用语，指任何能吃的且具有营养的东西。

强调种类时可用复数。

1)Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 2)The doctor put his patient on a diet of low fat and sugar. 3)I mustn’t have chocolate ---I’m on a diet. 24. consider v.
①考虑(可用于进行时) consider sth. / doingsth. We are considering going to China. ②认为, 把……当作 (无进行时) consider sb./sth. + (to be/as ) + n./ adj.
= regard… as...= treat…as…= count…as…= recognize…as…= think of… as…= look on/upon … as… He considered himself to be very lucky.
consideration n. take … into consideration under consideration considerate adj. 体贴的;体谅的;考虑周到的
It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was sleep. 25.effect n. 意为“影响”或“作用”
相关短语：① side effect （副作用）；②表示“事实上”，习惯用 in effect ，比较： in truth 的确，事实上（强调真实情况）；③ 表示“对某人/物有影响”，习惯用 have an effect on sb. / sth.；④ take effect(药等)见效、（法规等）生效。

例如：
The two systems are, in effect, identical. 这两种制度实际上一模一样。

The film had quite an effect on her. 这影片对她影响极大。

The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. 这药对止痛能立刻生效。

affect v t 1)影响 S moking affects a person’s health.
2)感动 He was deeply affected by the moving story.
26. control vt. / n. 控制 (control-- controlled---controlling)
Try to control your temper. I lost control of myself and hit him..
相关短语：control oneself take control of lose control of keep/ have/ bring/ get sth. under control be in/ out of control of be under control 27.risk n.危险，风险
vt. 冒…之险，后面接名词或者动名词。

We must risk getting caught in a storm.我们必须冒为暴风雨所阻之危险 They were willing to risk losing their jobs.他们愿冒失业的危险。

相关短语： risk one’s life
① risk doing sth. He risked being killed to cross the front line.
② take / run the risk of 冒……的危险I don’t want to run / take the risk of losing my best friend. 28.count
①vt. ~ (from sth.) (to sth.) 点数，计数
The little boy counts from 1 to 100 fastest in the kindergarten.
② vt. ~ sb. / sth. (as) sb. /sth. 认为,视为,看作
They count it an honor to talk with the famous professor.
③ vi. ~ (for sth.) 有价值,重要,有用
Experience counts (for a lot) in work. 工作中经验很重要。

Every second counts.分秒必争。

count in 把……算在内，考虑在内count out 不把……算在内count on 指望，依赖count for对……有价值，有利于take account/notice of 注重，在意
29. amount
①只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good/great many, a (great/large) number of, scores of, dozens of等
②只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of
③既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of ,a mass of, masses of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great /large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)
30. concentrate v. 集中，全神贯注concentrate (on / upon) concentration n.
I can’t concentrate on my work when I am hungry.
focus /fix one’s attention on / u pon 把注意力集中于focus…..on….集中……于……
be absorbed in…全神贯注于be devoted to全身心投入……
31. in no time 立刻，很快I’ll be back in no time.
关于time的短语：on time 准时in time及时once upon a time 从前
ahead of time 提前at a time每次，一次at times有时
sometime某时sometimes有时some times一些次数
some time一段时间take one’s time不急不忙at one time 曾经，一度
32. suffer v. 受苦；遭受（磨难） suffer from 受……之苦；患（疾病）
1) The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
2) She often suffers from headaches. 她经常头痛。

33. recognize vt 认出，识别；认可，公认recognize…..as….承认……是
I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years.
realize vt 实现，认识到，了解
I hope we can realize our dreams. I realized that I was wrong.
34.shape
①in shape在形状上，在外形上
Plenty of physical exercise will keep you in shape.大量的体育锻炼将有助于你保持体形。

②out of shape变形的；走样的
Someone sat on my new hat. It is now out of shape. 有人在我的帽子上坐了。

现在它走样了。

③in the shape of呈……的形状；以……的形式
The pool was in the shape of a heart．游泳池呈心形。

④get into shape强身健体
I've been doing exercises to get into shape.为了强身健体我一直进行锻炼。

⑤take shape成形；有了模样
Completely new relations between teachers and students are taking shape in our schools. 35．prefer
① prefer to do sth宁愿做某事
At the moment,I preferred not to think about the future此时此刻，我宁愿不去想未来的事。

② prefer to do sth．rather than do sth宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事
I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay at home.我宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。

③prefer doing sth．to doing sth．喜欢……，胜过……；宁愿……，而不愿……
I would prefer playing outdoors to watching television我宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。

36. amazed
① be amazed at sth.因为……而大感惊讶
We were amazed at the news.我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶。

② be amazed to do sth.做某事很惊讶
We were amazed to hear the news.我们听到这个消息感到非常惊讶。

③ be amazed that...对……感到惊讶
I was amazed that he had made such rapid progress in English.他的英语进步迅速，令我大为惊讶。

37.辩析force, strength, power 与energy
①force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力及法律、道德、情感的力量和军事力量等。

②strength指体力，力量，强度等。

He’s a man of great strength.
③power指能力，权力，电力等。

It’s beyond my power.
④energy指物理学上的术语“能量”，人的“精力”等。

He worked with great energy.。