专业英语复习题库

专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates球面坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标Absolute temperature绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute angle锐角Adiabatic process绝热过程Adjacent相邻Amount of heat 热量Amplitude振幅Analytical expression解析解Angular momentum角动量Angular velocity角速度Annihilate消减毁灭Appreciable可度量Approximate solution近似解Arbitrarily任意地Assume that 假设At constant pressure定压比热At rest静止Axial symmetry轴对称性Axis of rotation转轴Be independent of 不依靠独立Be proportional to 成比例Bend弯曲Capacitor电容器Center of mass质心Centripetal force向心力Cgs物理单位制Change in jumps跃迁Chaotic混沌Charge by conduct 负责的行为Charge by induction感应电荷Circulation motion循环运动Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient系数Coherent连贯Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 对比Compensate 补偿Conductor导体Consecutive 结果ConsequentlyConservation保存Considerable相当大的Constant常量Constructive interference相长干涉Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb’s law库仑定律Counter-phaseCross-sectional横截面Curl旋度Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减Denominator分母Density密度Derivative导数Destructive interference相消干涉Developing发展中的显影发展Deviation from脱离，逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference差异Diffraction衍射Dimension尺寸Discrete value离散值Displacement位移Distance 路程Distribution function分布函数Divergence 散度Dynamics动力学Elastic collision弹性撞击Electric dipole电偶极子Electric field 电场Electric potential 电势Electric potential energy电势能Electrically polarized电极化的Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁场Electron电子Electrostatic静电的Elementary mass微元质量Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion] 乳状液；感光乳剂Energy能量Energy level 能级Entropy 熵Equilibrium平衡Equipartition principleEther以太Exposure曝光External force外力Factor系数First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦点平面Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射Free fall自由下落Friction摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity摩尔热气体的能力Geometrical 几何的Gradient梯度Gravity重力Grow proportionally to 成正比Harmonic function调和函数Harmonic oscillator谐振子Heat 热量Heat capacity 热容量Heat engine热机Heat transfer热传递Hence 因此；今后Histogram柱状图Hologram 全息摄影Holography全息摄影Homogeneous均质单一性的Huygens’Principle惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical 完全相同恒等Illuminate照明照亮Impart 给予传授Impulse脉冲Inalienable不可分割的Incident light入射光Inclination倾角Incoherent不连贯的Increase增加Increment增量增额定期增加Inertia惯性Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外线Initial moment初力矩Instantaneous瞬时的Insulator绝缘体Integral 积分Interference干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能量Isotropic 各向同性Kinematics动力学Law of cosine law余弦定律定律Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass质量Mass-energy conversion质量能量转换Mean distance平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量Mechanics力学Medium介质Microscopic微观的Molar heat gas capacity 摩尔热气体的能力Mole摩尔Molecular physics 分子物理学Momentum动量Monatomic单原子的Monochromatic light单色光Motion运动Multiply正片叠底Neutron中子Newton’s first law牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state非平衡状态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于Nuclei核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse angle钝角Operator运算符Overlap 重叠Polarization极化Parallel axis theorem平行移轴定理Parallel beams平行光束Parallel rays平行光线Parallelogram method平行四边形法Parameter of state态变数Perfectly rigid body 完全刚体Perpendicular正交Phase difference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Point charge点电荷Point particle质点Power功率Preference偏好偏爱优先Principle of relativity相对性原理Probability概率Probability distribution function概率分布函数Projection 投影Propagate传导Proton质子Pseudoscopic反立体像Quantitative conclusion定量的结论Quasi-static 准静态Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄Real image实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution重新分配Reference frame参考坐标系Reference wave参考波Relative atomic mass of an element一个元素的相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance相对分子质量的物质Relaxation process弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛缓时间Reversible (process)可逆的Rotational inertia标量Scalar标量Scalar field标量场Semiconductor集成电路半导体器件电子Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed 速率Stationary 静止Subscript下标Superpose 叠加Superposition叠加迭加重叠Symmetry对称性Temperature温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity末速Test charge检验电荷The difference on optical path 在光路的区别The equation of state of an ideal gass一个理想的盖斯的状态方程The magnitude of a vector一个向量的大小The number of degree of freedom自由度的数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index折射率The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of二阶导数的The square of distance距离的平方The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标Three dimensional三维的Time averaged value时间平均价值Time dilation时间膨胀Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance扭称Translation motion平移Triatomic三原子的Tuning fork音叉Twin paradox双生子佯谬Ultraviolet light紫外线Undeformable bodyUniform circular motion匀速圆周运动Unit time单位时间Vector field 向量场Vectors向量Velocity 速度Virtual image虚像Wave length 波长Wave number波数Weight重量二、段落翻译翻译()For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on theinitial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.Huygens’ principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the moving body remains parallel to itself .Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,. 13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.14, We can thus use the function to determine the work done on a particle by conservative forces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the angular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity relative to the stationary frame.16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measurein degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin..20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation. Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves. 26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge.。