情态动词+have-done的用法

二、 “can't+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过 某事”。
e.g.1. Mr. Smith can„t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了， 我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 即学活用 I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ____ at the meeting. A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. can't have spoken
“情态动词+have done”的用法
库车三中 张小英 2016、5、29
一、 “must+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某 事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
e.g. 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你 和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 即学活用 --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice. --- On, it ___ my brother, Peter. A. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be
方去呢？ 即学活用 ---____he ________the exam? --- No, he can’t have. He didn’t work hard. A. must,have pass B. can,have passed C.would,have passed D.should,have pass
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 即学活用
八.“should/ought to+have+done”
• 意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”，其否 定形式为 “shouldn„t/oughtn't to+have+done” 表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责 对方或自责的含意。
你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、 “need+have+done”
• 表示本来需要做某事而没有做。 “needn„t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做 某事而做了”。 e.g.1.I needn‘t have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只 来了五个人。 2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点 去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
高考题
• 【经典考例1】 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西) • A. should have taken B. could have taken • C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken • 【经典考例2】 We ________ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (2006天津) • A. needn't B. may not • C. shouldn't D. mustn't • 【经典考例3】 As you worked late yesterday, you ________ have come this morning. （2006陕西） • A. mayn't B. can't • C. mustn't D. needn't
三、 “can+have+done”
• 表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可 能做过„„吗？” e.g.1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也 许已经”，用于肯定句中。 e.g.—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ —我不知道，他可能迷路了。 即学活用 She is late. She ______________ the bus. A.may have missed B.should have missed C.may miss D.ought to have missed
六、 “might+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同， 但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
e.g.1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可 能已经取得更大的成绩。 即学活用 He ___________home by now. Let's ring him up again. A.can't have arrived B.might arrive C.mustn't have arrived D.might have arrived
四、 “could+have+done”
• 是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本 来能够做某事而没有做。 e.g.He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
即学活用 --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you?You ___ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
即学活用 The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.
九、 “ought to+have+done”
• 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应 做„„”，往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。
e.g.1.I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 2.You ought not to have given him more help.
e.g.1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本 来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
七、 “would+have+done”
• 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本 来会做”。
e.g.1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事， 但是你没有问我。