初中英语定语从句

英语定语从句用法详解（初中）
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

The man who/that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词定语从句
引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

I am waiting for the boy who/that is wearing a red coat.（关系代词作主语）
先行词关系代词
1. 由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：
This is the boy who often helps me.
2. 由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：
The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3. 由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：
Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4. 由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意：
(1) whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。

如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：
I have lost my bag, which I like very much.
(3) 关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

5. 由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句：
(1) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：
All that we have to do is to practice English.
(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如：
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5) 先行词既有人又有物时，如：
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：
Who is the man that is giving us the class?
(7) 主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句：
(1) 先行词为that, those时，用which, 而不用that. 例如：
What’s that which is under the desk?
(2) 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that. 例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
(3) 引导非限制性定语从句，用which, 而不用that. 例如：
Tom came back, which made us happy.
6. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如：
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。

This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.) 7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。

(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用which, 不用that; 指人时可用who, 如：
I have two brothers, who are both students.
8. 如何简化定语从句
（1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。

如
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here. 我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。

This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。

（2）.定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。

The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher. 站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。

I saw the house that was burning at that time.
→I saw the burning house at that time. 当时我看到那房子在燃烧。

（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。

I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.
→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。

She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.
→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。

（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。

He is always the first person that comes to school.
→He is always the first person to come to school. 他总是第一个到校。

The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.
→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。

（5）定语从句简化为what从句。

I couldn't remember the words that he said.
→I couldn't remember what he said. 我记不得他说的话。

【典型例题解析】
例1 The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. as
解析: 先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C
例2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.
A. when
B. in which
C. that
D. for which
解析: 本题指时间，故选A
例3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.
A. you need
B. what you need
C. which you need it
D. that you need it
解析: B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触，故选A
例4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
解析: 本题指地点，故选C
例5 I'm one of the boys _________never late for school.
A. that is
B. who are
C. who am
D. who is
解析: 本题中who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B
例6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
A. whom
B. that
C. which
D. who is
解析: 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which, 不用that, 但指人时用who或whom. 故选A
例7 These books are for students _____ mother language is not English.
A. of whom
B. that
C. which
D. whose
解析: whose引导的定语从句中, whose用作定语，故选D
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?
—Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river_________I can swim?
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing_________is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which
D. who
7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which
D. which’s
8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________my sister.
A. which; is
B. whom; was
C. who; is
D. who; was
9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world_________is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ．用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing _________you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _________is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _________ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _________we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man _________I talked with just now?
Ⅲ．牵手中考。

1. Have you read the book_________is about the moon?
A. what
B. it
C. /
D. which
2. The policeman caught the thief_________has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.
A. which
B. whose
C. whom
D. who
3. The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. when
4. The teachers_________came for a visit are foreigners.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
5. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion_________you had with your dad yesterday.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. who
6. This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for my birthday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
7. "Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker________words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A. who
B. who's
C. whose
8. —Is there anyone here_________name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
9. —Where did you go last week?
—I went to Zhang Ail ing’s hometown and visited the house_______he was born in.
A. that
B. there
C. who
D. whose
10. Is that the man_________helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. which
B. who
C. whom
11. —I hear that Lily’s brother i s a worker here.
—Look, the man_________is working over there is her brother.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which
12. John is the boy_________legs were badly hurt in the accident.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
13. We don't like people_________talk too much but never do anything.
A. whose
B. who
C. when
D.which
14. —Do you know the boy_________is standing under the tree?
—Yes, he is my friend, Peter.
A. what
B. who
C. whom
D. whose。