3 Benjamin+Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
• 光学：他发明了老人用的双焦距眼镜，能够看清近处及远处的事 物，并且因此最先解释了北极光。
发明了口琴、摇椅、路灯、避雷针。 发现了墨西哥海湾的海流。 最先绘制暴风雨推移图。 发现人们呼出气体的有害性。 发现了颗粒肥料。 设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙噗。 制定了新闻传播法。 最先组织了消防厅。 创立了近代的邮信制度。 创立了议员的近代选举法。
读书
• 1 读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺一，便全无用处。 • 2 诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伴侣。 • 3 读书是我唯一的娱乐，我不把时间浪费与酒店、赌博或者任何 一种低劣的游戏。 • 学而不能致用的人是一头背着书的牛马。蠢驴是否知道它背上背 的是一堆书而不是一捆柴？
勤奋与光阴
• 1 懒鬼起来吧！别再浪费时间，将来在坟墓内有足够的时 间让你睡的。 • 2 懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体；常使用的钥匙 ，总是闪闪亮的。 • 切勿坐耗时光，须知每刻都有无穷的利息；日计不足，岁 月有余。 • 3 不劳苦，无所得 • 4 时间就是生命，时间就是金钱。 • 5 今日能做的事，勿延至明日。 • 6勤劳的人，饥饿过其门而不入
行为习惯
• • • • • 1 恶习知道自己委实很丑陋，所以往往戴了假面具。 2 虚伪和欺诈师一切罪恶之母。 3 真话说一半常是弥天大谎。 4 饮食节制常常使人头脑清醒，思想敏捷。 5 早眠早起，使人健康，富有，明智。
THAT'S ALL
THANK YOU!!
• A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small bundle. • -------Benjamin franklin, inventer • 一个只关心自己的人只能成就很小的事。
美国文学选读第3版翻译-陶洁
美国文学选读第1单元自传The autobiography Benjamin Franklin我儿：我一向爱好搜集有关祖上的一切珍闻轶事。
你也许还记得当你跟我同住在英国的时候我曾经为了那个缘故跋涉旅途，遍访家族中的老人。
目前我正在乡间休假，预料有整整一个星期的空闲，我想你也许同样地喜欢知道我一生的事迹(其中有许多你还没有听过)，因此我就坐了下来替你把这些事迹写出来。
除此以外，我还有一些别的动机。
我出身贫寒，幼年生长在穷苦卑贱的家庭中，后来居然生活优裕，在世界上稍有声誉，迄今为止我一生一帆风顺，遇事顺利，我的立身之道，得蒙上帝的祝福，获得巨大的成就，我的子孙或许愿意知道这些处世之道，其中一部分或许与他们的情况适合，因此他们可以仿效。
当我回顾我一生中幸运的时候，我有时候不禁这样说：如果有人提议我重新做人的话，我倒乐意把我的一生再从头重演一遍，我仅仅要求像作家那样，在再版时有改正初版某些缺陷的机会。
如若可能，除了改正错误以外，我也同样地要把某些不幸的遭遇变得更顺利些。
但是即使无法避免这些不幸的厄运，我还是愿意接受原议，重演生平。
但是由于这种重演是不可能的，那么最接近重演的似乎就是回忆了。
为了使回忆尽可能地保持久远，似乎就需要把它记下来。
因此我将顺从一种老人中常有的癖好来谈论自己和自己过去的作为。
但是我这样做，将不使听者感到厌倦，他们或是因为敬老，觉得非听我的话不可，但是一经写下来，听与不听就可以悉听自便了。
最后(我还是自己承认了好，因为即使我否认，别人也不会相信)，写自传，或许还会大大地满足我的自负心。
说句老实话，我时常听见或在书上读到别人在刚说完了像“我可以毫不自夸地说……”这种开场白以后，接着就是一大篇自吹自擂的话。
大多数人不喜欢别人的虚夸，不管他们自己是多么自负。
但是无论在什么地方，我对这种自负心总是宽宥的。
因为我相信这种心理对自己和他四周的人都有好处。
所以，在许多情况下，一个人如果把自负心当作生命的慰藉而感谢上帝，这也不能算是怪诞悖理的。
富兰克林介绍
富兰克林介绍富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）美国科学家、物理学家、社会活动家，资产阶级革命时期的民主主义者。
1706年1月17日生于波士顿的一个工人家庭。
1714年入小学，仅读二年。
1718年12岁时开始作印刷学徒工。
但他对科学十分向往，勤奋自学，掌握了意大利、西班牙等多种外语和广泛的自然科学知识。
由于天才和勤奋，终于使自己成为举世瞩目的伟大科学家和发明家。
富兰克林的科学研究活动实际上是在1745年以后才开始的。
青年时期处于贫苦的生活奔波之中。
1723年10月他离开波士顿的家乡到纽约谋生，后又到了费城。
二年后他又到了伦敦，仍然从事印刷工作。
1726年10月富兰克林又回到费城，开始自己开设印刷厂。
1727年秋他组织了青年自学团体“共读社”。
此后富兰克林的印刷厂有了很大发展。
1731年富兰克林倡导创办了北美第一个图书馆。
1734年他在费城创建了美国第一个科学团体“增进有用知识哲学协会”。
1751年资助创办了宾西法尼亚大学。
美国独立战争时期，富兰克林是著名的政治家。
1776年他参加了《独立宣言》的起草工作。
美国独立后，他出使法国。
从1776年到1785年在法国九年中，为美国革命争取到了重要的国际援助，1778年在他的积极努力下缔结了法美联盟。
1787年他当选为制宪会议代表，担任宾夕法尼亚州最高行政会议议长，参加了制定美国第一部宪法。
一生最后几年兼任废除农奴制促进会会长，积极主张废除农奴制度。
1790年4月17日富兰克林逝世于费城，终年84岁。
富兰克林是美国开国时期的一位巨人，他始终没有放弃对于科学技术的研究，即使在繁忙的政治、外交活动的过程中也是如此。
他的科学研究范围广阔，在众多学科中都有重要的贡献。
他在天文、地质、地磁、气象、化工、机械等多方面都有发现和发明。
他是美国第一所公立医院的创办者，对医学造诣很深。
他的光学研究成果也很突出，曾发明过双焦距透镜，还发现了颜色不同对太阳光吸收和反射能力不同的现象。
Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.富兰克林
Retired when he was 42 and did what was to him a great happiness.
A famous stateman: (the only American who once signed all the four documents that created the new country: the Declaration of Independence the Constitution of the United States the Federalist Papers the Bill of Rights Invented many things such as volunteer fire deoartments,effective street lighting ,lightning-rod and so on
At 17,ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune marking the beginning of a long success story of an archetypal kind.
No regular education
Became apprenticed to an older brother ,James,a printer in Boston when he was 12
My topic：
Benjamin Franklin
（本杰明· 富兰克林）
商务英语B班 201101014227 刘秋月
General
introduction
Benjamin Franklin
（1706-1790） （本杰明· 富兰克林）
本杰明富兰克林简介与湾流
HOW DOES ONE CHARACTERIZE FRANKLIN？
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Gulf Stream
墨西哥湾流 简称湾流，是大西洋上重要的洋流， 以及全球最大的洋流。起源于墨西哥 湾，经过佛罗里达海峡沿着美国的东 部海域与加拿大纽芬兰省向北，最后 跨越北大西洋通往北极海。在大约北 纬40度西经30度左右的地方，墨西哥 湾流分支成两股分支，北分支跨入欧 洲的海域，成为北大西洋暖流，南分 支经由西非重新回到赤道。
表兄告诉富兰克林从英国开往美洲的商船一般都会选择避开湾流的航线行驶而邮政船则总是在流速达3节的湾流中逆流行驶因此邮政船在海上的航行时间一般要比商船长一些
本杰明•富兰克林
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本杰明· 富兰克林 Benjamin Franklin，1706年1月17日－1790年4月17日 出生于美国麻省波士顿，是美国著名政治家、科学家，同时 亦是出版商、印刷商、记者、作家、慈善家；更是杰出的外交 家及发明家。 他是美国革命时重要的领导人之一，参与了多项重要文件的 草拟，并曾出任美国驻法国大使，成功取得法国支持美国独立 。本杰明· 富兰克林曾经进行多项关于电的实验，并且发明了避 雷针。他还发明了双焦点眼镜，蛙鞋等等。本杰明· 富兰克林是 共济会的成员，被选为英国皇家学会院士。他亦是美国首位邮 政局长。
航行时间一般要比商船长一些。
于是，富兰克林请表兄把墨西哥湾流的草图绘在 大西洋海图上，并采用投放漂流瓶的方法对湾流运 动的路径进行验证。根据漂流瓶拾到者反馈的发现 时间和地点，富兰克林确认墨西哥湾流始于佛罗里 达海峡，沿大西洋两海岸北上，绕过百慕大群岛的 西北侧后向东偏南方向流向大西洋的东海岸。 1770年，富兰克林编绘的海图在英国发表，并将 这股海流命名为“湾流（gulf stream）”。墨西哥湾 流海图也成为世界上最早的海流图。
benjamin franklin有关教育的名言
benjamin franklin有关教育的名言
本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）是杰出的政治家、外交家，同时也是发明家、出版商、印刷商、作家、慈善家，他在教育方面也有许多名言，如：
- “颠覆一个国家的自由，第一步便是要压制言论自由。
”
- “试图用自由换取暂时保障的人，既不配得到自由，也不配得到保障。
”
- “有常识但没受过教育的人，要胜过受过教育但无常识的人。
”
这些名言强调了教育的重要性以及言论自由的价值。
富兰克林认为，教育不仅是传授知识，更是培养一个人的判断力和常识。
他还强调了言论自由对于一个国家的重要性，认为言论自由是维护社会稳定和发展的基础。
benjamin franklin 本杰明 富兰克林
⑷Resolution(决心): Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.(该做的一定要做，做就要做好)
⑸Frugality(节俭): Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; waste nothing.对 人或对己有益才可用钱，决不浪费)
⑹Industry(勤奋): Lose no time; be always employ ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.(珍惜光阴，做有益之事， 避无谓之举)
Title page for Poor Richard’s almanac for 1739, written, printed, and sold by Benjamin Franklin.
The Declaration of Independence committee, depicted in a 19th-century steel engraving. The members were (from left to right) Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, John Adams, and Roger Sherman.
Benjamin Franklin also called Ben Franklin, (born Jan. 17, 1706, Boston, Mass. [U.S.]—died April 17, 1790, Philadelphia(费 城) American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat(外交官).
本杰明·富兰克林
Alliance结盟；联盟 结盟； 结盟
fleet舰队；海军 舰队； 舰队
伟人的离去
• His last public act was to sign an appeal to Congress urging the abolition of slavery. • Franklin died in Philadelphia in 1790, at the age of 84. He left ﹩5000 each to Boston and Philadelphia, to be used for public works.
外交家富兰克林
Soon after the colonies declared their independence in July 1776, Franklin was sent to France as the American envoy, and he remained there until 1785. He was very popular among the French people, who were charmed by his kindness, his simple dress and manner, his wise and witty sayings, and his tact and courtesy in greeting the nobility and common people alike. envoy使者；代表 使者； 使者 tact老练；圆滑 老练； 老练 witty机智的；言辞诙谐的 机智的； 机智的 courtesy礼貌；彬彬有礼 礼貌； 礼貌
富兰克林本人对节俭、责任、勤劳与朴素的见解。
A penny saved is a penny earned. 省一分，挣一分。 省一分，挣一分。 Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早睡早起，体健、财多、头晴朗。 早睡早起，体健、财多、头晴朗。 God helps them that help themselves. 自助者天助。 自助者天助。 Little strokes fell great oaks.小斧慢砍，巨树可断。 小斧慢砍， 小斧慢砍 巨树可断。
美国文学作家作品流派(精华整理版)
1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 The first lyric poet ofdistinction The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 The most important figureof New England transcendentalism Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862A leading figure of New England transcendentalism Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Li lacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882First American Poet to write the narrative poems The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish 迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 An anti-slavery writer Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的American Literature18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhome Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑The true father of all national literature Lincoln of the literature. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;AConnecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔1837-1920 A fine example of the American realist novels. The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(历史著作)；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意识流”理论) Principles of Psychology心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors 大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914The founder of psychological realism. 小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请者)25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898 Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932 The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警长的儿女)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition 一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940 Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads大路(The Return of a Private 三等兵归来);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子29、O·Henry欧·享利（WilliamSidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937 The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952 Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963 Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950 A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900A representative of the American naturalism. Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar 保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906 We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为“黑种人的桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916A leading figure of naturalism The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me 生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968 Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil 石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon 新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947 O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963The most popular Ame. Poet in 20th century A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941 Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White 穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967 Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel 烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955 Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956 Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖) Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith 艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The farther of modern American poetry and the most influential leader of the Imagist Movement.The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961 Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems(Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard);The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953The founder of the American drama.American greatest playwright and the only dramatist in American literary history so far to win a Nobel Prize 独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones 琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Stories of K A Porter Ship of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982 Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967 120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money 没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972 Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel’s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡(象征主义批判的圭阜);The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代) Jazz Age /the Roaring Twenties The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-19621950-the Nobel Prize The foremost southern writer of the 20th century The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers’ Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898- 译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile’s Return流亡者的回归（研究“迷惘的一代”的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣(The Other War另一种战争)65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932 My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的楼房（首部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock 蛛网与岩石;You Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969 Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966The foremost writer of the Great Depression during 1930s Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940 The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979 Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判);Danny O’Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983 The Children’s Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963 Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960 Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906- 短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories 绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist’s Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·辛格1904-1991 Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989 Night Rider夜间骑士;At He aven’s Gate在天堂门口;All King’s Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother toDragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction)逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983 American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982 短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories 巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984 Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters83、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914- 长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界84、Bernard Malamud伯纳德·马拉默德1914-1986 长篇小说：The Natural天生运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配工;A New Life新生活;God’s Grace上帝的恩赐短篇小说：The Magic Barrel魔桶85、Landall Jarrel兰达尔·贾维尔1914-1965 诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友，小朋友;Losses 损失;Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界小说：Pictures of an Institution学院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人评论：Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死86、John Berryman约翰·贝里曼1914-1972 诗：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人；The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者(The Ball Poem小球诗);77 Dream Songs;Berryman’s Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他小说：Recovery复原传记：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩87、Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915- 长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March 奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Su mmlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒1915- Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟89、Robert Lowell罗伯特·洛厄尔1917-1977 诗：Lord Weary’s Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动90、J D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919- 短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者91、Betty Frieden贝蒂·弗里丹1921- The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活;The Second Stage第二阶段(How to get the Women’s Movement Moving Again)92、Alex Haley亚历克斯·哈利1921-1992 The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯自传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇（自传体小说）93、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966(“垮掉的一代”奠基者) The Town and the City镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums 达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut库特·冯尼格特长篇小说：Player Piano自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat’s Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night黑夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪手迪克短篇小说集：Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来(Report on the Barnhouse Effect关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告)95、Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒1923- (垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒) 裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道96、James Dichey詹姆斯·迪基1923- 诗集：Into the Stone钻入石头;Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死(The Lifeguard救生员);Helmets头盔;Buckdancer’s Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗：Deliverance解脱诗论集：The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923- 长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）98、James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987 散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk 假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后100、Flannery O’Connor弗兰纳里·奥康纳1925-1964 长篇小说：Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走短篇小说集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人难寻;Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的一切必然汇合e名文：Good Country People善良的乡下人;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation;Parker’s Back派克的背101、William Styron威廉·斯泰伦1925- Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中;The Long March长途行军;Set This House on Fire放火烧屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特·特纳的自白;Sophie’s Choice索菲的选择102、Allen Ginsburg艾伦·金斯堡1926- 诗集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他(America)(The Beat Generation垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作);Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱103、James Wright詹姆斯·赖特1927-1980 诗集：The Green Wall绿墙;Saint Judas圣徒犹大;The Tail and Eyes of a Lion狮子的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断;Shall We Gather at the River我们在河边聚会;Collected Poems;Two Citizens两位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意大利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛开鲜花的梨树;This Journey;A Blessing祝福104、Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928- The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人105、Martin Luther King Jr 马丁·路德·金1929-1968 I Have a Dream;Stride Toward Freedom迈向自由;Strength to Love爱的力量;Why We Can’t Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？106、Gary Snyder加里·斯奈德1930- (ecology poet) Riprap大卵石(Piute Creek皮尤特河);Myths & Texts神话与现实;The Back Country偏僻的山村;Regarding Wave观浪(Meeting the Mountain进山);Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在雨中:1974-1985新诗集文集：Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水穷尽六章外一章;The Real Work:Interviews and Talks脚踏实地工作：访问记与演讲稿。
成功的方法本杰明富兰克林_为人处世
成功的方法本杰明富兰克林本杰明•是美国最受爱戴的国父之一，他拥有智慧的眼睛，随和的个性，与恶习作战，与邻里友好相处。
他愿意冒险，敢于思考创新，懂得合理优化安排，慢慢促成他成为的人士。
以下是小编为大家整理的关于成功的方法本杰明富兰克林，希望能给大家带来帮助!本杰明富兰克林的成功方法:1. He was a creative thinker他是个创意思考的人Ben Franklin was definitely not one to think inside the box. He is quoted saying, “to create, we must first identify the problem, then offer the best solution possible.” To mention a few, some of his inventions and discoveries include:富兰克林可不是陷在条条框框里思考的人。
在他看来，创新就是发现问题所在，然后努力找到最好的解决办法。
以下是他的部分发明与发现：The Franklin Stove富兰克林火炉The first library第一座图书馆Electricity电Lightning rod避雷针Glass harmonica水晶口琴2. He learned how to prioritize his time他懂得如何优化时间From his daily hourly schedule to rising at 5am every morning, Ben Franklin found ways to maximize his dailyproductivity. He is quoted saying: “Lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.” In other words, make the best use of your time and find ways to prioritize, in order to produce your best work possible.从每天早上5:00起床的日程安排中，富兰克林设法最大化提高自己的白天效率。
Benjamin-Franklin人物简介
The prototype of The American Dream
★ He appears on the American 100 dollar bill.
A marble statue of Benjamin
Memorial marble statue
c. The theories of electricity; first applied the terms “positive”and “negative” to electrical charges.
8
Success as a statesman政治家
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States:
❖ No regular education
❖ Became an apprentice 学徒 of a printer when he was 12
blished lots of essays when he was 16
❖ Went to Philadelphia when he was 17 to make his own fortune
5
Jack of All Trades
A business man
A writer
printer A scientist publisher A statesman 政治家
diplomat
The prototype 原型 of the American dream
philanthropist
[fiˈlænθrəpist] 慈善家
(完整版)富兰克林英文介绍
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706–April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theo-ries regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania. Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for sev-eral colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exempli-fied the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical and democratic values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposi-tion to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and toler-ant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Com-mager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its de-fects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat."To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most in-fluential in inventing the type of society America would become."Franklin, always proud of his working class roots, became a successful newspa-per editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies. He was also partners with William Goddard and Joseph Galloway the three of whom published the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revo-lutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British monarchy in the American col-onies.He became wealthy publishing Poor Richard's Almanack and The Pennsyl-vania Gazette. Franklin gained international renown as a scientist for his famous experiments in electricity and for his many inventions, especially the lightning rod. He played a major role in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society. Franklin became a national hero in America when he spearheaded the effort to have Par-liament repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a ma-jor figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. For many years he was the British postmaster for the colonies, which enabled him to set up the first national communications network. He was active in community affairs, colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. Toward the end of his life, he freed his slaves and became one of the most prominent abolitionists.His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored on coinage and money; warships; the names of many towns, counties, educa-tional institutions, namesakes, and companies; and more than two centuries af-ter his death, countless cultural references.Book reportFranklin was not in favorable growth environment, and it should be a relatively plain appearance. In 1706 he was in North America, the home of 17 children. His father is involved in wax and soap as a small businessman, Franklin entered the school for about two years before dropping out of school because of family dis-tress. Then he went to work as an apprentice in his brother’s shop, the apprentice days was very difficult, but he did a good use of the apprenticeship leisure time to study hard, and read a lot of books in politics, science, history and literature. He was also proficient in the use of French, Italian, Spanish and Latin.In 1726 Franklin manages a printing factory, it was a great success which created a legend of the American dream, and he printed a huge impact “Pennsylvania”. He invented the lightning rod, dual-purpose glasses, new stove and new lights. He pi-oneered the North American colonies the slogan that is “not join the death”and drafted out the drafting of “Declaration of Independence”published in 1771 which changed the fate of countless people, and this book gave a description of its pro-cess of growth and exhorted the people to be positive.(换ppt)There are a lot of Proverbs in this book that Franklin felt in his life, reading this book is not only to feel the sentiment, but also to combine their training and hu-manity and then to improve ourselves, the book describes each chapter are a true portrayal of his life and tell us how to get all the perception which inspired me very much.In his view, reading is the key to success. Books give us wisdom, strengthen our determination and let us have the wisdom of the trip of our life.Franklin attaches great importance to his virtue. Therefore, he proposed to 13 re-quirements for himself namely: control, quiet, orderly life, determination, frugal-ity, diligence, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility. He has been trying to do that, though he cannot completely meet all the requirements, but he was persistent. The people who can meet the 13 require-ments can be called “saints”of the fact that people are rarely perfect, but it can pursue such a perfect people in the United States and Germany who have achieved great success.Franklin was revered as the father of America for his impressive image that can maintain a frugal life style of work for the public welfare and make immortal con-tributions, compared to the majority of people we can knew how impetuous we are.(huan)In this clear, crisply written story of his life, Benjamin Franklin shows the reader what his childhood was like and what he came to value as meaningful and worth-while techniques of communication, conduct, and self-improvement. A conscien-tious and serious youth, Franklin nevertheless left his boyhood town because he had impregnated a young lady. This early act of responsibility led him to pursue work that led him, in the coming years of the American Revolution, to be a strong advocate of political independence, even at the cost of war. Franklin became as fine a statesman as ever the United States was to produce. One of the country's founding fathers and a tireless champion of individual liberty, he also served as the American ambassador to France. He tells of how he learned the printing trade and how he established "Poor Richard's Almanac." He also shares with hisreaders his hopes for the free country that he helped to bring into being. The reader cannot help but admire this brilliant and brave founding father, as much for his humility as for his services to his country and its future citizens. (huan)名言Silence is not always a sign of wisdom, but babbling is ever a folly.沉默并不是智慧的标志，但唠叨永远是一项蠢行。
Benjamin Franklin
4
人物简介
他对科学的贡献不仅在静电学方面，他研究范围极广。在数学上，他 创造了8次和16次幻方，这两个幻方性质特殊，变化复杂，至今仍为 学者称道。热学方面，他改良了取暖的炉子，能够节省四分之三的燃 料。光学方面，他发明了老年人用的双焦距眼镜，即能看清楚近处又 能看清楚远处的事物。他先后掌握了法文，意大利文，西班牙文及拉 丁文。他是美国第一位学者，第一位哲学家，第一位驻外大使。他发 明了口琴，摇椅，路灯，避雷针。发现了墨西哥湾的海流。四次当选 宾夕法尼亚州州长。制定了新闻传播法。最先绘制暴风雨推移图。发 现人们呼出气体的有害性。最先解释清楚北极光。被称为近代牙科医 术之父。最先组织了消防厅。创立了美国民主党。创立了近代的邮信 制度。创立了议员的近代选举法。发现了感冒的原因。发明了颗粒肥 料。设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙蹼。 此外，他对气象、地质、声学及海洋航行等方面都有研究，并取得了 不少成就。 1790年4月17日夜里11点，富兰克林的溘然逝去。他 的墓碑上刻着“印刷工富兰克林”......
3
人物简介
本杰明·富兰克林是美国历史上第一位享有国际声誉的 科学家发明家和音乐家。为了对电进行探索曾经作过著名 的“风筝实验”，在电学上成就显著，为了深入探讨电运 动的规律，创造的许多专用名词如正电、负电、导电体、 电池、充电、放电等成为世界通用的词汇。他借用了数学 上正负的概念，第一个科学地用正电、负电概念表示电荷 性质。并提出了电荷不能创生、也不能消灭的思想，后人 在此基础上发现了电荷守恒定律。他最先提出了避雷针的 设想，由此而制造的避雷针，避免了雷击灾难，破除了人 们对雷电的迷信。 他是一位优秀的政治家，是美国 独立战争的老战士。他参加起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪 法，积极主张废除奴隶制度，深受美国人民的崇敬。他是 美国第一位驻外大使(法国),所以富兰克林及其他的著作 (20张)在世界上也享有较高的声誉。
费城爱国者本杰明富兰克林
费城爱国者本杰明富兰克林本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）是美国历史上一位伟大而多才多艺的人物，他是美国的一位政治家、科学家、发明家和作家。
他被誉为费城爱国者，因为他在费城做出了许多对美国独立具有重大影响的贡献。
本文将介绍富兰克林的背景、他在美国独立运动中的作用，以及他的一些重要的发明。
富兰克林于1706年出生在美国马萨诸塞州的波士顿，是较大家庭的最小孩子。
由于家庭贫困，他没有接受过正规的教育，但他热爱学习，并通过自学成为一位卓越的知识分子。
他对科学和实验有着浓厚的兴趣，特别是在电学领域做出了重要贡献。
在富兰克林的生命中，他最为人所知的是他在美国独立运动中的作用。
富兰克林是费城独立宣言的起草人之一，这个宣言成为美国历史上的重要里程碑。
他也是美国宪法的起草人之一，并在宪法签署仪式上发表了著名的演讲。
他在政治上的智慧和才华使他成为当时美国独立运动的核心人物之一。
富兰克林还是一位备受尊敬的科学家和发明家。
他在电学领域的实验不仅使他成为电学创始人之一，还对现代电力系统的发展产生了重要影响。
他还设计了闪电罩，用于保护建筑物免受闪电侵袭。
此外，他还发明了富兰克林炉、玻璃配方和刀具等实用工具。
除了在政治和科学技术领域的成就外，富兰克林还是一位出色的作家和记者。
他出版了《贫农的谈话》（Poor Richard's Almanack）等多本畅销书籍，其中包含了许多他的智慧和幽默。
他的作品给予了当时美国社会的启示，使他成为了美国文化的标志人物之一。
总的来说，本杰明·富兰克林是一位与美国独立运动密切相关的费城爱国者。
他在政治、科学、发明和文化上的成就为美国的独立和国家建设作出了重要贡献。
他的生平事迹激励着后来的一代美国人，并成为美国历史上的传奇人物之一。
富兰克林一生致力于追求知识和进步。
他在自学中获得了丰富的知识，并通过实践和实验做出了许多伟大的发现和发明。
他的成就不仅影响了当时的美国社会，也对世界产生了积极的影响。
本杰明。富兰克林自传（Benja...
本杰明。
富兰克林自传（Benjamin. the autobiography of benjaminfranklin）His autobiography is my struggle, and that seems to be his brother's printed newspaper article, in short, things seem to be a little bit different from what you say. The following paste the original, I hope to help you.Benjamin Franklin (Benjamin Franklin)There is a full range of great figures in the United States, many scholars called him "the sage", "the" father of the American Revolution, he is Franklin. Most students just know: he is flying the kite conducting in the story of scientists, but you may not know that he was a pioneer in the United States in eighteenth Century, enlightenment industrialists, scientists, writers, politicians, diplomats, one of the leaders of the American Revolution, assisting in drafting, modifying the "American" Declaration of independence ", his achievement in one's life, at the same time almost no one can match. You must think he is a genius in fact he only took 2 years of primary school, then dropped out of school to the printing shop as an apprentice printer...... .Father's little helperFranklin was born in Boston, USA in 1706, when the United States was not independent, and it was a British colonyThe home of a lot of brothers and sisters, father of many children can not afford school fees, so the Franklin brothers,very early into a variety of different industries, Baishixueyi. At that time, nothing matters than to learn more important proficiency in a particular line, supporting the family. Therefore, although Franklin had school, but at the age of 10, began when the father's business little helper, operating oil and candles, soap making. Franklin's father is a versatile, strong man, in painting, music, machinery have talent, in dealing with some things, can often exhibit profound insights and correct the judge, he also often invited the local people with wisdom to many social and life problems at home, Franklin in this environment influence, from an early age to develop good, honest, prudent, constantly seek knowledge and virtue.Because grew up in coastal areas, Franklin grew to love the sea, very good at swimming, boating, so the body is very good, which makes the little sick in his life. His childhood biggest dream is to go to sea, the father to worry he left home to go sailing, will bring him around, often take him to watch some outstanding craftsmen I hope to work, his interest is fixed in a land-based industry. Because of this, Franklin savvy, plus the inquisitive, he quickly learned to use many skills and tools, so he can easily make some experiments or self-made small machinery.Printers' articlesAt the age of 12, his brother James back to a printing machine and the type from the UK, at his father's behest, Franklin began when his brother's Apprentice (right: as an apprentice of Franklin), learning the printing. This period of apprenticeship period, he often found because he has never gone to school, so write or write the lack of vocabulary, grammar,confusion, with his father a communication content he and his friends, also accused him of: organized as others clearly worded as the other elegant. This makes Franklin feel very sad, but he was determined to write the article. Then he began to read a lot of books that magazine, and the imitation of publications on the style. His way is to put the thought outline in mind, then their vocabulary and grammar re expression, and then compared with the original article, find their own inadequacies. By constantly reading, continue to write, by his writing, he also anonymously, for a number of articles to brother James's "new England" report, at that time, James's newspaper has considerable popularity and sales, brother thought he was a learned famous scholar Franklin of that time is only 15,6 years old.American people who drink waterIn fact, Franklin and his brother often quarrel, partly because Franklin young, often contradict brother hand; James also quite irritable temper, motionless on the apprentice brother finally got two cuff and kick, finally part.Leave the brother of Franklin, this year only 17 years old, he decided to make a career for himself.',Penniless Franklin, first find a printing job in Philadelphia, with excellent technology and serious attitude, gradually he was boss, he also does not necessarily make some money, but to be honest, studious person, to discuss with each other articles, poetry, philosophy of life.Later, after Franklin also went to Britain, originally thought can be funded in the UK, he realized his own business ideas, but progress is not smooth, he had to stay in the UK. The British printing workers are mostly alcoholic, because they think that drinking can increase strength, but Franklin is different, he thought control diet can make the mind clear, quick thinking, improve the efficiency, so he did not drink, is a vegetarian, so the factory Brits are mocking him as "water American". Although the drink do not drink, Franklin is very hard, typesetting is also the fastest, so always be designated for some urgent, so his salary is particularly high.A businessman with high moral standardsIn 1726, Franklin returned to America in Philadelphia, with their hard work and talent, he not only has a good printing technology, but also produce copper, type, and his cultural level has been out of the ordinary printing workers, he can read, write, do have their own views and thinking, more important is he formed its own set of moral ethics.God has brought opportunities for those who are ready for Franklin, and others from the joint venture printing shop, stationery shop, to their wholly owned business from the general public documents, printing, votes, has been extended to printing money, own a newspaper... Every day, often busy until 11 at night. The hard-working, industrious and frugal, Franklin quickly settled business loans, but he never set foot in useless entertainment, never fishing, hunting, always reading in his spare time, he loves his work, often personally delivery, and adherence to credit, promise others, never owed;slowly, more and more people know Franklin, know that he is an honest, trustworthy, with high moral standards. The cultural businessman, all people are willing to make friends with such a person or business.Devote oneself to public affairsMany people support, Franklin has been back. He initially established the "secret agency", members of the moral, political, natural philosophy and other issues to discuss with each other, not to discuss the way of writing, argue to win attitude, but to explore the spirit of truth. The proper functioning, and later derived other secret societies sub associations, secret societies lasted 40 years, became the Pennsylvania, many political and social issues of the wind ball.The secret society members to discuss issues, often need to reference books evidence, Franklin suggested that the individual books together, and later founded the library, derived for the public nature of the project, the establishment of a public library, the library is a subscription library later America originator.Franklin was elected in 1736 the State Council Secretary, formally entered the political arena, the Franklin shift the focus of the work to the public affairs organization: the fire brigade, the establishment of fire insurance company, donated the orphanage, the establishment of Pennsylvania United defense, founded the University of Pennsylvania, helping to run the hospital, and served as Postmaster General of America in1753, Prime Minister America postal work, these achievements of the American education, culture, military, social influence.In 1754, representatives of the colonies in North America adopted the coalition plan drafted by Franklin during the meeting. In the meeting, he put forward the slogan "disunity leads to extinction", calling for the unity of the colonial people and the struggle for freedomIn 1775, Franklin was elected as the representative of the Second Continental Congress, and participated in drafting and modifying the declaration of independenceIn 1776, plenipotentiary appointed the United States to Paris, completed a series of diplomatic missions, and successfully promoted the alliance between the United States and FranceIn 1785, Franklin served as governor of Pennsylvania, and was reelected for three times due to the trust and love of the people throughout the stateIn 1787, the United States took part in the Constitutional Convention and worked hard to abolish slaveryAchievement in science Philadelphia experimentFranklin began his electrical study after reading the Leiden battery in 1746, according to his opinion,He believes that the nature of electricity and lightningfriction is the same, it is for long-term observation, comparison and analysis of lightning, and found that they have many things in common: including light, light color zigzag shape can be made of metal, conductive, a popping sound. The bold Franklin, planned to an amazing experiment..........In July 1752, Franklin and his son William, in an opening of the woodshed, connected with lightning experiment. First he made of silk kite, the top of the metal wire tied a thin, with a long rope with a kite. The other end of the rope tied for peripheral insulated ribbon, because people hide in the woodshed, ribbon keep dry, the other end of the ribbon and ribbon kite in hand. At the junction, hang a bunch of keys as a circuit breaker to prevent electric shock. When lightning hits the kite, to see their son fiber rope up, Franklin could not help but reach out and touch keys between finger and sudden spark left side, linen, Franklin excitedly told his son: "this is electricity!!"Later, Franklin in a paper "on the same electrical and lightning", sent to the Royal Society, when scientists at first by the cold, soon the French scientist, this experiment was successfully repeated in Paris after the attention, even by the king Louis Jugo please go on the spot shows, European science began to recognize the work of Franklin he accepted, and became a fellow of the Royal Society, and awarded Kepuli gold medal. Because of this Franklin, many scientists began to study the "electric", opened the era of electric indirect research. It is worth mentioning that many scientists in the redo this experiment, all the accident death, Franklin was not dead that can be said to be very lucky.Other inventionsIn addition to electricity, Franklin also published on the optical, thermal, kinetic works on botany, mathematics, chemistry also contributed, even more strange is that he is on the Gulf stream to do research in different locations, measuring the depth of the Gulf stream temperature, flow rate and analysis of its impact on the climate.His scientific invention is also quite impressive: the lightning rod is one of them (such as the left picture below)Another important invention is the "Franklin stove", which enhances the efficiency of burning stoves and saves a lot of firewood, which brings great convenience to the people in North AmericaBecause Franklin had eyes presbyopia, to look nearly far very convenient, put 2 glasses cut in half and set in the same frame, this is what we now call "TV ads glasses" Fool (right).Franklin's brother, John, was suffering from kidney stones, and Franklin invented the first "urine catheter" to help his brother and benefit the later generationsIn the office of the postmaster general, he invented the first odometer (for example, the right), in order to understand the route and distance, so as to calculate postageWho believes that all this is from a person who has only readbooks for a few years?Franklin's view of moralityIt can be said that Franklin is a liberal and Democrat, although in eighteenth Century the religious thought is still prevalent, but he was in the Bible doctrine, not completely believe; he believed that the relationship between people, the most important thing is true, sincere, honest. In the Bible said, sometimes should be as specific the circumstances, rather than blindly. He ordered the 13 virtues directory, and used gradually, a gradual practice, life practice constantly. The small jar and put them in order from the teacher down, students can look at the reference:Temperance eat not satiety, drink not excessDon't talk nonsense, avoid trifling gossipIn order to object this thing all the time.Decisive - not easy to mend. Make a prompt decision.Constant force difficult to materialize the thrifty, cherish a inch of thread.Diligence treasures the hours, saves no effortSincere - thinking, whe.Integrity - not hurtful, unselfish.The obstacle - magnanimous, go to extremes.Neat - body clothes, often cleanTranquility - not for joy, for sorrowChastity - guard treasure fame.Do not be modest - arrogant, modest to others.Is it really a genius?In April 17, 1790, Franklin died of fasciitis died. See the story of Franklin, you think he really is a genius in fact every hardworking and successful people, often unconsciously called genius. This is known as "the saint" said: "the empty bag is. It is difficult to stand up", this sentence verification uninterrupted in his life. He said to "do you love life then don't waste your life, because time is composed of material life.。
本杰明·富兰克林
本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）(1706.1.17—1790.4.17)是18世纪美国的实业家、科学家、社会活动家、思想家和外交家。
他是美国历史上第一位享有国际声誉的科学家和发明家。
为了对电进行探索曾经作过著名的“风筝实验”，在电学上成就显著，为了深入探讨电运动的规律，创造的许多专用名词如正电、负电、导电体、电池、充电、放电等成为世界通用的词汇。
他借用了数学上正负的概念，第一个科学地用正电、负电概念表示电荷性质。
并提出了电荷不能创生、也不能消灭的思想，后人在此基础上发现了电荷守恒定律。
他最先提出了避雷针的设想，由此而制造的避雷针，避免了雷击灾难，破除了迷信。
他是一位优秀的政治家，是美国独立战争的老战士。
他参加起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法，积极主张废除奴隶制度，深受美国人民的崇敬。
他是美国第一位法国驻外大使,所以在世界上也享有较高的声誉。
1平庸的人最大缺点是常常觉得自己比别人高明。
2懒惰，像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体，经常用的钥匙总是亮闪闪的。
3命运的变化犹如月之圆缺，对智者无妨害。
4我未曾见过一个早起、勤奋、谨慎、诚实的人抱怨命运不好；良好的品格，优良的习惯，坚强的意志，是不会被假设所谓的命运击败的。
5失足可以很快弥补，失言却可能永远无法补救。
6傻瓜的心在嘴里，聪明人的嘴在心里。
7 骄傲者憎恨他人骄傲。
8最难抑制的情感是骄傲，尽管你设法掩饰，竭力与之斗争，它仍然存在。
即使我敢相信已将它完全克服，我很可能又因自己的谦逊而感到骄傲。
9缺少谦虚就是缺少见识。
10虚荣是骄傲的食物，轻蔑是它的饮料。
11没有任何动物比蚂蚁更勤奋，然而它却最沉默寡言。
12骄傲道德导致丰盈，然后导致贫困，最后导致声誉扫地。
13绝望毁掉了一些人，而傲慢则毁掉了许多人。
14恶习知道自己委实很丑陋，所以往往戴了假面具。
15心胸开阔：不要为令人不快的区区琐事而心烦意乱，悲观失望。
16良好的态度对于事业与社会的关系，正如机油对于机器一样重要。
本杰明 富兰克林
1776年夏，富兰克林被选为英国北美殖民地第二届大陆会议的成员，成为起草《独立宣言》的五人委员会 （Committee of Five）成员 ，协助起草《独立宣言》，并成为《独立宣言》签署人之一。托马斯·杰斐逊起 草了宣言的初稿。富兰克林觉得杰斐逊在表述“真理”这句话时使用的“神圣和不容否定”不够确切，他建议修 改为“我们认为这是不言自明的真理”。同年7月4日大陆会议通过了这一著名的历史文件。北美殖民地人民正式 宣告摆脱英国的殖民统治，美洲大陆上一个新的国家——美利坚合众国从此诞生了。
1719年12月，詹姆斯开始出版《新英格兰周报》，这引发了富兰克林对新闻的浓厚兴趣（他14岁起便开始练 习写作）。
1726年秋，20岁的富兰克林回到费城。 在船上，他写下了自己的人生计划，决定以“节俭、诚实、勤奋和 得体”作为人生的信条。
富兰克林部分塑像(2张)1727年秋，富兰克林同11位好友组织了“共读社”进行自学，互相切磋，共同研究 社会、自然各方面的问题。这个会社在1743年改称“美洲哲学会”。后在1749年发展成为费拉德尔菲亚学院（以 后改为宾夕法尼亚大学）。富兰克林曾任该校董事长40余年，为传播欧洲文化，培养人才，作出了贡献。
具有探索精神的富兰克林所生活的时代，正值资本主义文明的上升时期。富兰克林无论工作如何繁忙，总是 时时注意着大自然的一切。
1745年，荷兰莱顿的两个科学家发明了蓄电池——莱顿瓶。富兰克林对此产生了浓厚的兴趣，开始了电学试 验。 1748年，富兰克林退出了他的印刷生意，不过他仍然能从他的合伙人手中分得印刷店可观的利润，亦因此 有时间进行他各项发明和研究，当中包括了他对电的研究。
Lecture Three： Benjamin Franklin
Lecture ThreePart one （colonialism)★1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America★1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America★Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English★Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman poetMajor work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)Contemplations (9) on P. 17 （熟悉这首诗歌）To My Dear and Loving Husband《致我亲爱的丈夫》★Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature★Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial periodHuswifery on P. 19 （熟悉这首诗歌）★Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644)Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue★John Winthrop: “Model of Christian Charity”（〈基督慈善之典范〉）The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826) (〈新英格兰史〉) 1630 --- 1649 in diary★Thomas Paine: Common Sense, The American Crisis, The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason★Philip Freneau: Poet of the American RevolutionThe Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying Ground, The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi★Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelistWieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurthur Mervyn第一部分殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit3、清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
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Benjamin Franklin and The Autobiography
First of its kind in literature Writing when he was 65 An introduction of his life to his own son Including four parts written in different time Puritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement (timetable, thirteen virtues, life style) Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature good, rights of liberty, virtues includes “order”) Style: simple, clear in order, direct and concise (“Nothing should be expressed in two words that can as well be expressed in one.”) (Puritanism’s influence) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans
Literary works
Poor
Richard’s Almanac《穷查理的年历》
– Modeled on farmers’ annual calendar; kept publishing for many years; includes many classical sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.”
The End
Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790 )
Life:
Jack of all trades Literary works Benjamin Franklin and The Autobiography
Life: Jack of all trades
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790 )
Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790 )
Benjamin Franklin was not only one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a leading writer, publisher, inventor, diplomat, scientist, and philosopher. He is wellknown for his experiments with electricity and lightning, and for publishing "Poor Richard's Almanac" and the Pennsylvania Gazette. He served as Postmaster General under the Continental Congress, and later became a prominent abolitionist. He is credited with inventing the lightning rod, the Franklin Stove, and bifocals.
Born in a poor candle maker’s family in Boston No regular education Became a apprentice of a printer when he was 12 A editor of a newspaper and published lots of essays when he was 16 Went to Philadelphia when he was 17 A successful printer and publisher Retired when he was 42 A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm) A famous statesman (the only America who once signed all the four documents that created the new country) An example who made American Dream come true