大学英语精读第二册 Unit One：Is There Life on Earth？
现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit1
Text Analysis
Structure
Part I: Story (Para. 1-8 ) • the writer’s encounter with a student and his failure to convince him that a pharmacy major needs to read great writers. Part II: Argument (Para. 9-14 )
Another School Year
Author
Unit 1
Background
Genre
Background
His Life
John Ciardi 1916-1986
a child of Italian immigrants Began his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes went on to teach at Harvard University in 1946 in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers University in 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavors.
Another School Year – What For? Another School Year – What For?
John Ciardi
John Ciardi
Another School g up
大学英语精读第二册听力原文Unit2
大学英语精读第二册听力原文Unit2Unit 2 Part A Exercise 1 1.M: Hello.W: Hello, is that you, Tom?M: Sorry, but nobody by that name lives here. W: Oh, I’m so sorry.Q: Whom does the woman want?Tom. 2. M Hello. W Hello, George. M Who?W Oh, is George in?M Sorry. We have no George here. W Is this 793-5141?M No, it isn’t. I think you have the wrong number. W Oh, I’m sorry.Q Why does the woman say sorry? She has dialed the wrong number. 3. M Hello.W Hello. Can I speak to Alan? M Who did you say you want? W Alan.M What number did you want? W 321-9645.M But this is 321-6949. W Oh, sorry.Q What number did the woman want? 321-9645 4. M Hello.W Hello. Is Sylvia there? M Sorry. She’s not in right now. W Oh, are you her brother Mike? M Yes. Who’s calling?W This is Monica. Can I leave a message with you? M OK.Q Who is Monica. Can I leave a message with you?Monica 5. M Hello, this is Dr Baker speaking. Is that Mrs. Jones?W No, this is her sister. Can I take a message? M Yes, please.Q Who answered the phone? Mrs. Jones’sister. Exercise 2 1. M HelloW Hello, can I speak to Anne, please?M Sorry. She’s not in right now. Would you like to leave a message? W Yes, please. My name is Nancy Davis. M Nancy Davis.W Yes, and my phone number is 914-6520. M Did you say 6502?W No, 6520. Could you ask Anne to call me back tonight? M OK. I’ll give her the message as soon as she comes in. W Thanks. M You’re welcome. Message:1. Nancy Davis 2. 914-6520 3. Call Nancy back 2 W Hello.M Hello. I’d like to speak to Frank, please.W Oh, Frank’s not back from the office yet. Can I take a message? M Yes, please. My name is Peter. W Peter?M Yes, that’s right. And my number is 614-5533. W 614-5533M Please tell Frank I’ll meet him tomorrow at 12 at the Foreign Languages Bookstore. W 12 o’clock at the bookstore. OK, I’ll tell him. Message: 1. Peter 2. ***-*****. 3. Meet Peter tomorrow at 12 at the Foreign Languages Bookstore. Part B Conversation 1 Is Anna There? Jack Hello.Pat Hello. Is Anna there? Jack No. I’m sorry Anna is out. Pat Is that you, Tom?Jack No, I’m not Tom. I’m Jack. I’m Anna’s br other.Pat Oh! I’m sorry. I think Anna has told me about you. She said her brother is coming to spend the summer holiday at her place. That must be you. Jack Yes. I’ll be here for two weeks.Pat That’s great. Well, could you please leave Anna a mes sage for me? Jack Sure. What is it?Pat Well, Anna and I are going to meet for tea at my home. Would you ask her to see if she has my French dictionary? If she does, tell her to bring it along. The address is 164, Rose Avenue, in case she has forgotten. Jack All right. And you are? Pat I’m Anna’s friend Pat.Jack Thank you for calling, Pat. I’ll let her know that you called.Pat Thank you. By the way, would you like to come along with Anna? I’d like to introduce you to my brother.Jack That’s very nice of you. But I have to go to the bank this afternoon Pat That’s a pity. But we’ll see you some other time, won’t we? Jack I don’t know. Maybe. Pat Thank you again, Tom. Jack But I’m not Tom. I’m Jack! Pat I’m so sorry, Jack.Exercise 11. c. Pat wants to know if Anna has her French dictionary.2. c. He has some business to attend to this afternoon.3. d. She is inviting Jack to tea out of politeness. Exercise 2 1. be out. 2. Jack Tom 3. leave Annaa message 4. 164, Rose Avenue.1. he wanted to speak to Anna.2. No, she was not in.3. Anna’s brother Jack answered the phone.4. He had come to spend the summer holiday at her place.5. He would stay for two weeks.6. Pat asked Jack to ask Anna if she had her French dictionary. If she did, Pat wanted her tobring it along when she came to Pat’s place for tea that afternoon.7. Pat invited Jack to come along with Anna for tea. 8. She wanted to introduce Jack to her brother.9. No, he was not free in the afternoon. He had to go to the bank.Conversation 2I’m a friend of Alice WilsonJohn Brown has been transferred to work in a town where he has no friends. However, his friend Alice Wilson has suggested that he phone her friend Betty Smith and ask for her advice about finding somewhere to live. Betty Hello? Betty Smith here.John Oh, Mrs. Smith, my name’s John Brown. You don’t know me, but I’m a friend of Alice Wilson. Betty Oh, yes?John When I told Alice I was coming to live here she gave your name, and suggested that I give you a ring. I was wondering if youcould give me some advice. Betty I’ll be pleased to if I can. What can I do for you?John Well, I’m looking for a place to live. Alice thought that as you’re an estate agent you might know of som ewhere suitable.Betty Yes, I think I can help you. Why don’t you come round and see me? Do you know where my office is?John Yes, I’ve got the address.Betty Good. Where are you now? I’m at the post office now.John Oh, well, that’s just a ten minute walk from my office. Come round and see me now. John Thank you very much. Betty Not at all.1. c. From the post office.2. b. To an estate agent’s office.3. c. He doesn’t know to find a suitable place tolive. Exercise 21. give a ring advice2. find Brown somewhere suitable to live an estate agent3. meet and talk to each other at her office4. ten- minute walk Part C A B1. He was transferred to work in a town where he fad no friends.2. He called Betty Smith.3. she is an estate agent.4. He got to know her name from Alice Wilson, who is a friend to both of them.5. he wanted to ask for her advice about finding somewhere to live.6. Yes, she was very willing to help.7. She asked him to come and see her right away at her office. Part D W Hello?M Vicki? Is that you? W Uh-huh. Who’s this? M It’s Randy. W Randy? Randy who?M What do you mean, “Randy who?” Randy Goodman, of course. W Oh. I’m sorry.M Yes. We had a date last night. Where were you? I waited for two hours. W Oh, I’m sorry, Randy. I couldn’t come. M Couldn’t come!Why not? W Well, I had to wash my hair.M Wash your hair! Why don’t you call me?W I wanted to call you, but―uh―couldn’t remember your phone number. M It’s in the phone book.W Yes, of course, but―uh―couldn’t remember your last name. M Oh……But why did you have to wash your hair last night? W Well, I had to do it because I’m going to see a play tonight. M To see a play? With who?W George. George Greenwood, my boss’s s on. M I see.W He asked me yesterday, and I couldn’t say no. Exercise 1. d. Friends.2. c. She had wash her hair.d. She said she couldn’t say no t。
大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案
大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案Unit 1Exercise 1:1. mathematicians2. deduction3. perspective4. astronomy5. civilizationsExercise 2:1. Despite her age, she still maintains a youthful appearance.2. In contrast to his quiet nature, his sister is very outgoing.3. Although he was tired, he still managed to finish the project on time.4. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike.5. In contrast to her older sisters, she is the most athletic.Exercise 3:1. A2. B3. C4. C5. AExercise 4:1. is derived from2. make sense3. consists of4. go beyond5. based onUnit 2Exercise 1:1. influential2. surgeon3. guarantee4. tremendous5. revealedExercise 2:1. Despite his busy schedule, he always finds time for his family.2. Although the road was blocked, they managed to find an alternative route.3. In contrast to the previous model, the new car is more fuel-efficient.4. Despite the difficulties, they never gave up.5. In contrast to her siblings, she is the most talented. Exercise 3:1. B2. B3. C4. C5. AExercise 4:1. take into account2. result in3. come up with4. play a role5. aim atUnit 3Exercise 1:1. exceptional2. rivals3. version4. translate5. perceptionExercise 2:1. Despite the storm, they managed to reach their destination safely.2. Although she was tired, she continued to study until late at night.3. In contrast to her classmates, she always arrives early to class.4. Despite the challenges, they remained determined to succeed.5. In contrast to her colleagues, she is the most experienced. Exercise 3:1. B2. A3. C4. A5. CExercise 4:1. focus on2. take for granted3. result in4. carry out5. lead toUnit 4Exercise 1:1. pioneers2. participants3. highlight4. efficiency5. potentialExercise 2:1. Despite their differences, they managed to work together effectively.2. Although she was nervous, she gave a flawless performance.3. In contrast to his friends, he prefers to stay at home and read.4. Despite the criticism, the artist continued to pursue his unique style.5. In contrast to her teammates, she is the most dedicated.Exercise 3:1. C2. B3. A4. C5. BExercise 4:1. result in2. pay attention to3. be exposed to4. go against5. give rise to以上是大学英语精读第二册课后习题的答案。
【精品】现代大学英语第二版精读2unit1课文翻译
Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940and I was fresh out of刚刚做完graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class,sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Twoweeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on hiships. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" Andnot having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。
那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。
一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
大学英语精读第二册第一、二课课文翻译
Unit1 The Dinner Party关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了The dinner party晚宴1. I first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true—though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。
后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。
但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
2.The country is India.A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests—officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist—in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.故事发生在印度。
某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。
大学英语精读第二册 Unit One
Consolated Edison Belt
(爱迪生联合电气公司带) 这是一个作者杜撰出来的名词，由人们熟悉的两 个名词范爱伦辐射带(Van Allen Belt)和爱迪生联 合电气公司(Consolated Edison)构成的。 范爱伦辐射带是指环绕地球的两个辐射区，它是 James 以首先发现这两个辐射带的美国科学家James A. Van Allen的名字命名的。爱迪生联合电气公司是 一个联合的电气公司群体。最大的一家是托马斯. 爱迪生所建。 这些电厂使用大量的煤炭作为燃料，造成这一地 区的严重的空气污染。作者杜撰这一名词表明如 果人类不注重环保，那么日后我们的地球上空将 有一个由煤灰和烟雾所组成的污染带。
Manhattan (曼哈顿)
纽约市的五大自治州之一，主要领土为曼哈顿岛。该岛于 1626年由荷属西印度公司从印第安人处购买，只用了价 值24美元的珠子，布匹和小饰物。之后在那里建起了一 座叫新阿姆斯特丹的城市。1664年英国人夺取该城，并 重新起名为纽约。 如今，曼哈顿有铁路，地铁，客机和轮渡等多种交通设备 外，还有7座桥梁以及4个地下通道与其他区以及新泽西 州相接。这里有世界上最活跃的码头，境内的摩天大楼包 括帝国大厦、世界贸易中心的高塔及克莱斯勒大厦。洛克 菲勒中心由16幢大厦组成，其中包括70层楼高的RCA大 厦。此外，还有联合国大厦、圆形竞技场展览中心以及麦 迪逊广场公园娱乐中心。
大学英语精读第二册课件Unit1
大学英语精读第二册课件Unit1 Unit 1 Part I New wordsheated a. 被加热的、热烈的、激烈的a heated swimming pool 温水泳池heated discussion 激烈的讨论She had a heated argument with an official. 她和一位官员激烈地争论。
heat n. 热，高温v. 变热，使变热She is sensitive to both heat and cold. 它对热冷都很敏感。
The room faces north and is difficult to heat. 房间朝北，不易变暖。
unexpected a. 意料不到的;突然的His death was totally unexpected. 他死得太突然。
He is an unexpected guest to her. 对于她来说, 他可是位不速之客。
expect vt. 预计…可能发生，预料，期望，盼望we expect great things of you. 我们对你抱有很高的期望。
She expects to fail the exam. 她预料(认为)无法通过考试。
expected料到会有的an expected increase in prices 料到会涨价be (only) to be expected可以预料;相当正常A little tiredness after taking these drugs is to be expected. 服用这些药以后觉得有点疲倦是正常的。
I?m afraid I?m very nervous.? …Don?t worry, that?s only to be expected.? “ 我怕自己太紧张了。
”“别担心，这是正常的。
”naturalist n. 博物学家;博物学研究者;自然主义者 nature, naturalshortly ad. 立刻，马上;不久The flight was hijacked shortly after takeoff (it took off). 飞机在起飞不久遭到劫持。
大学英语精读第二册Unit1-Unit5课后翻译
Unit 11.她砰地关上门，一声不哼地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已成大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。
Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit , the alone remained his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr .Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument .Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最后可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下的陷阱方向跑去，脸上顿时显出了兴奋的表情。
The hunter’s face lie up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction for the trap he had laid.Unit 21．会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of 11 be appointed to make a new constitution. 2．这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料By making on-the-spot observation the young scientist obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3．他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4．委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这一问题上持有不同意见The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5. 亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother’s.6. 我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment. 7. 吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment but he didn’t because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8. 如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars. I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.Unit 31. 她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。
大学英语精读第二册Unitone完整课后习题答案
大学英语精读第二册Unitone完整课后习题答案大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案Unit1P6 II Comprehension of the text1．1-5 CBAAC 6-8 ACCP8 III Vocabulary Activities一）1. bare2. empty3. empty4. bare5. empty6．bare二）1. shortly2.track down3.faint4.motioned5.at the sight of6.feel like7.slamming8.rang out9.contract10.made for11.heated12.emerged三）1. host2. sprang up/rang out3. impulse4. came to5. track down6. unexpected7. outgrow8. widened9. shortly10. emerge / spring up11. at the sight of12. made for13. crisis四）1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago.2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation?3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit.4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent?5. Her face lit up with joy at his return.6. The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther away.P10 IV Enriching Your Word Power1.additional advantageousanxious conditionalcourageous curiousdangerous educationalemotional famousindustrial intentionalmedical mountainousmusical mysteriousnational occasionalpersonal practical2.heated coloredpigtailed giftedbearded pointedexperienced agedskilled diseasedP11 V Usage1.The people questioned gave very different opinions on the issue.2. Can you see the man climbing on that rock?3. Several days passed before they came up with a satisfactory solution to the problems discussed.4. We were woken early by the sound of the birds singing.5. The chairman made it clear that those objecting should explain their reasons.6. After a day’s work, I felt I had little energy left.7. I knew of some of the athletes taking part.8. The success obtained surprised those who had given up the project as impossible.P13 VI Structure一）1. During the time that2. As long as3. Although4. as long as6. Although7. whereas8. Although二）1. They frightened the child into telling the truth.2. He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire.3. My tactless words forced the old gentleman into buying something he could not possibly afford.4. He finally talked me into accepting his terms.5. The girl persuaded her father into giving up smoking.6. Their severe criticism shocked her into realizing her selfishness.三）1. Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock.2. An investigation is to be made next week.3. I am to meet them at the airport.4. You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.5. The medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals.6. Bob and Susan are to get married in OctoberP14 VII Cloze一）1.hosts2.heated3.argument4.impulse5.shortly6.emerged7.slam8.crawled9.crisis二）1.corner2.attention3.noticed4.shining5.directed6.there7.bed8.snake9.its10.feet11.from12.however13.do14.as16.neither17.still18.if19.through20.floor21.pulling22.under23.cried24.out25.to26.where27.made28.eyesP16 VIII Spot Dictation 1.do the cooking3.hardly thought so3.settled down4.half expected5.equipment6.boiled over7.why things were so quiet8.burning9.greeted10.battlefieldP16 IX Translation1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
董亚芬 大学英语 精读 第二册 Unit 1 课后习题及答案
①光秃秃的,无遮蔽的（局部的裸）：I saw him running with bare feet . bare ②勉强的; 仅仅的：All they had were the bare necessities of life.
③没有...的(of)：The little room was almost bare of furniture.
2. Shouts of protest ____sp_r_a_n_g_u_p_____ from the angry crowd.
3. Many people have the bad habbit of spending money on __i_m_p_u_l_s_e__.
4. All I can remember when I ___c_am__e_t_o__ is my mother's anxious face.
colonial outgrow emerge
spring up track down unexpected
impulse shortly crisis
come to widen make for host at the sight of
5. By careful examination, the doctors hope to __tr_a_c_k_d_o_w__n__ the source of the infection( 感染).
2) Choose the right words in the box to complete the sentences. Change the forms where necessary.
colonial outgrow emerge
spring up track down unexpected
Lesson 1大学英语精读第二册第1课
☛Her words stabbed at his heart. ☛I had been working hard for a long time and I felt that I’d come up against a brick wall. ☛ Life is a long journey. ☛……,and once more his moustache foamed up against his breakwater of a nose.
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Learning and Appreciation
1.be fresh out of (Para.1) (American English) having just finished your education or training, and not having a lot of experience ☛He's fresh out of law school. 这家企业不愿意用那些刚从大学毕业的人，因为他们没有 一点工作经验 The enterprise wouldn’t like to employ those who are fresh out of university，for they have no any working experience.
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Subjunctive mood: I didn’t point it out in fact. 6. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a
现代大学英语精读2第二版Unit1_Another_School_Year_Language_study
I. Word Study
4. expose
v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence 使受影响
b. to subject (a photographic film, for
example) to the action of light 使曝光 c. to make known (sth. discreditable); to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）
Word formation n. enrollment
Example: We enrolled in the army.
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Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For?
II. Phrases and Expressions
2. specialize in
to concentrate on a particular activity or product 从事专门活动或销售专业产品
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Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For?
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6. generate
Word formation
v. to produce as a result of a chemical or physical process Examples: a generating station 发电厂，发电站 When coal burns, it generates heat. generative reproduction 有性繁殖
大学英语精读第二册课文翻译
Unit1 The Dinner Party关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了;晚宴莫娜·加德纳我最初听到这个故事是在印度,那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的;后来有人告诉我,在第一次世界大战之前不久,一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事;但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人,我却一直未能找到;故事发生在印度;某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴;筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里,室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是走廊;跟他们一起就坐的客人有军官和他们的夫人,另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家;席间,一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论;年轻的女士认为,妇女已经有所进步,不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然;他说：“一遇到危急情况,女人的反应便是尖叫;而男人虽然也可能想叫,但比起女人来,自制力却略胜一筹;这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西;”那个美国人没有参加这场争论,他只是注视着在座的其他客人;在他这样观察时,他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情;她两眼盯着正前方,脸部肌肉在微微抽搐;她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势,对他耳语了几句;男仆两眼睁得大大的,迅速地离开了餐室;在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕,也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上;那个美国人突然醒悟过来;在印度,碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵;他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇;他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的;室内的三个角落里也是空的,而在第四个角落里,仆人们正在等着上下一道菜;这样,剩下的就只有一个地方了——餐桌下面;他首先想到的是往后一跳,并向其他人发出警告;但他知道这样会引起骚乱,致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人;于是他很快讲了一通话,其语气非常威严,竟使得所有的人都安静了下来;“我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力,我数三百下——也就是五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动;动者将罚款五十卢比;准备好”在他数数的过程中,那二十个人都像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿;当他数到“……二百八十……”时,突然从眼角处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来,向那碗牛奶爬去;在他跳起来把通往走廊的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时,室内响起了一片尖叫声;“你刚才说得很对,少校”男主人大声说;“一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例;”“且慢,”那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人;“温兹太太,你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢”女主人脸上闪出一丝淡淡的微笑,回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去;”Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson杰斐逊已谢世很久,但他的许多思想仍使我们很感兴趣;杰斐逊的遗训布鲁斯·布利文美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊也许不像乔治·华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯那样著名,但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：是他写的独立宣言;虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前,但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西;他的许多思想对当代青年来说特别有意义;下面就是他讲过和写过的一些观点：自己去看;杰斐逊认为,一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外,还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；他认为,亲自做调查是很重要的;在他还很年轻的时候,他就被任命为一个委员会的成员,去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否足以通行大型船只;委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内研究有关这一问题的文件,而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测;你可以向任何人学习;按出身及其所受的教育,杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层;然而,在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代,杰斐逊却常破例跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈;有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说过：“你必须像我那样到平民百姓的家里去,看看他们的锅里煮些什么,吃吃他们的面包;只要你肯这样做,你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意,你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命;”自己作判断;未经过认真的思考,杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见;他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西,你也就去相信它或拒绝它;上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑;那你就运用它吧;”杰斐逊觉得,人民“是完全可以信赖的,应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西,然后作出正确的判断;倘使让我来决定,我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府,我会毫不犹豫地选择后者;”做你认为是正确的事;在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想,而这正是力量的源泉;使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致;虽然有好多年杰斐逊一直受到激烈的批评,但他从不回应那些批评他的人;他在写给一位朋友的信中表达了自己的观点：“每个问题都有两面;如果你坚决站在一面并根据它有效地采取行动,那么,站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满;”相信未来,相信青年;杰斐逊认为,绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚;他说：“没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远适用的宪法,甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制订不出来;地球是属于活着的一代的;”他不害怕新思想,也不惧怕未来;他评论说：“有多少痛苦是由一些从未发生过的灾难引起的啊我期待的是最好的东西,而不是最坏的东西;我满怀希望地驾驶着自己的航船,而把恐惧抛在后面;”杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的;他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多;在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家;在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪,他就这样做了;他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁;他影响了整个美国的建筑业,他还不断地制造出各种机械装置,使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易;在杰斐逊的众多才能中,有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家;目前正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷;他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了,所以,当1776年在费城要撰写独立宣言的时刻来到时,这一任务便落在了他肩上;数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的……”1826年7月4日,正值美国独立五十周年纪念日之际,杰斐逊与世长辞了;他给他的同胞留下了一份丰富的思想遗产和众多的榜样;托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献,他认为,只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由;Unit3 My First Job为了想在进大学前赚些钱,作者申请了一份教职;但面试情况却越来越糟……我的第一份工作罗伯特·贝斯特在我等着进大学期间,我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告,说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区,有所学校要招聘一名教师;我因为手头很拮据,同时也想做点有用的事,于是便提出了申请,但在提出申请的同时我也担心,自己一无学位,二无教学经验,得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的;然而,三天之后,却来了一封信,叫我到克罗伊登去面试;这一路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站,再乘十分钟的公共汽车,然后还要至少步行四分之一英里;结果,我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿,因为心情非常沮丧,竟不感到紧张了;学校是一座装着大窗户的红砖房子;前庭园是个铺着沙砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木,它们经受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟,挣扎着活下去;开门的显然是校长本人;他又矮又胖,留着沙色的小胡子,前额上布满皱纹,头发差不多已经秃光;他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我,就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的二等兵一样;“哦,”他咕哝着说,“你最好到里面来;”那狭窄的、不见阳光的走廊里散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味,闻上去很不舒服；墙上墨迹斑斑,显得很脏；周围一片静寂;根据地毯上的面包屑来判断,他的书房也是他的餐室;“你最好坐下,”他说,接着便问了我许多问题：为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩些什么游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的眼睛盯住我,问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分;我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话;他咕哝了几句;我说了错话;我和校长显然没有多少共同语言;他说,学校只有一个班,二十四名男生,年龄从七岁到十三岁不等,除了美术课他亲自教以外,其余所有的课程都得由我来教;星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球,打板球;整个教学计划把我吓坏了;我得把全班学生分成三个组,按三种不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要教代数和几何这两门我在读书时学得极差的科目,我感到很害怕;更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排,因为这时候我的朋友大都会在悠闲地自得其乐;我怯生生地问：“我的薪水是多少”“每周十二磅外加中饭;”还没等我来得及提出异议,他已经站了起来;“好了,”他说,“你最好见见我的妻子;她才是这所学校真正的主管人;”我再也无法忍受了;我当时很年轻：在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱;Unit5 The Villain in the Atmosphere在我们呼吸的空气中,有一种气体对生命是必不可少的;遗憾的是,一样好东西我们可能会拥有得太多,而二氧化碳的增长威胁着我们,使地球变暖到一种危险的程度;艾萨克·阿西莫夫向我们介绍了大气层中的这个坏蛋,向我们解释了它是怎样活动的以及对付它的办法;大气层中的恶棍艾萨克·阿西莫夫大气层中的恶棍乃是二氧化碳;二氧化碳看上去不像一个恶棍;它毒性不大,在大气层中的含量极小——只占％——不会对我们造成任何伤害;再者,空气中的那一点点二氧化碳对生命至关重要;植物吸收二氧化碳并将其转化成它们自己的组织,充当所有动物当然也包括人类的基本食物供给;在这一过程中,植物释放氧气,而氧气又是所有动物生命所不可缺少的;然而,这一看上去无害而且无疑又必不可少的气体却正在对我们产生影响;年复一年,海平面正在慢慢上升;它很可能继续上升,而在今后数百年间,会以更快的速度上升;在那些低洼的沿海地区在这些地区居住着世界上很大一部分人口,海水会稳步向前推进,迫使人们向内陆退居;最后,海水将会高出目前海平面两百英尺,一阵阵海浪将会拍打曼哈顿摩天大楼二十层楼的窗户;佛罗里达将会沉没在海浪之下,英伦三岛的大部分,人口稠密的尼罗河流域,还有中国、印度和俄罗斯的低洼地区也都将遭到同样的命运;不仅许多城市将被淹没,而且世界上大部分盛产粮食的地区也将会失去;由于食品供应下降,到处都会出现饥荒,在这种压力下,社会结构有可能崩溃;而这一切都是因为二氧化碳;可怎么会出现这种情况呢两者之间又有什么联系呢首先是太阳光,大气层中的各种气体包括二氧化碳对于太阳光来说是透明的;太阳光照射大气层的顶部,径直透过数英里的大气层,温暖着地球的表面;在夜间,地球将热量以红外线的形式放射到外层空间而冷却下来;然而,大气层对红外线来说并不像它对可见光那样透明;二氧化碳特别会阻挡这样的热量辐射;因此,在夜间失去的热量要比在大气中没有二氧化碳的情况下失去的要少;要是没有少量的二氧化碳存在,地球就会明显冷得多,说不定就冷得不舒服了;我们该感到欣慰,二氧化碳给我们温暖使我们舒舒服服,但是大气中二氧化碳的浓度正在稳步升高,其恶迹也就由此而生;1958年,二氧化碳只占大气总量的％;此后,其浓度逐年悄悄攀升,而现在已达到％;据估算,到2020年,二氧化碳的浓度将接近现在的两倍;这就意味着,在未来几十年间,地球的平均温度将要稍许升高;极地冰盖因此将开始融化;世界上大约90％的冰都聚积在巨大的南极冰盖中,另有8％在格陵兰冰盖;如果这些冰盖开始融化,海平面将要升高,其结果就是我上面描述的那个样子;可是大气中的二氧化碳浓度为什么正在不断升高呢难辞其咎的有两个因素;首先,在近几个世纪中,先是煤,其后是石油和天然气,以快速增长的态势被用做燃料获取能量;这些燃料中所含的碳,在过去数百万年的岁月里一直安全地埋在地下,而现在正被烧成二氧化碳,并以每天数吨的速率大量排放到大气中;更糟的是,地球上的森林在不断消失,起先是慢慢地消失,但在近一两个世纪里其消失的速度相当快;现在,森林消失的速度是每分钟64英亩;不管取代森林的是草地、农田,还是灌木丛,其生产的植物消耗二氧化碳的速率与森林是不相等的;因此,不仅是通过燃料的燃烧使更多的二氧化碳被释放到大气中,而且,随着森林的消失,植物从大气中吸收的二氧化碳也减少了;但是这也给了我们一个新的视角来考察这个问题;大气中二氧化碳并不是自行上升的;是人在烧煤、烧油和烧气;是人在砍伐森林;所以,人才是真正的元凶;怎么办呢首先,我们必须拯救森林,乃至重植森林;第二,我们必须有新的不产生二氧化碳的燃料源;核能就是其中之一,如果认为核能太危险,也还有其他选择;有波浪能,潮汐能,风能,还有地球内部的热能;尤其是,还可以直接利用太阳能;诚然,这一切将需要时间、努力和金钱,但是,各个国家却把更多的时间、努力和金钱花在了对抗性的军事器械上,而这些军备只能毁灭我们大家;为了拯救我们大家而减少在这方面时间、努力和金钱的花费,难道我们应该反对吗Unit6 The Making of a Surgeon一位著名的外科医生以自己的亲身经历来谈自信的重要性;外科医师的成功之道诺兰医生一位医生怎样辨认自己终于成了一名“外科医师”的那一时刻呢在我任住院主任医师的那一年快要结束的时候,我曾不止一次地问过自己这个问题;我最后认定,问题的答案在于“自信”二字;当你能够对自己说：“任何外科病人我都能胜任进行治疗,我的治疗跟其他外科医生一样高明,甚至比任何外科医生都更为高明”——那时,而且只有到了那时,你才真正成了一名外科医师;当时我正接近那个时刻;就以我们几乎每晚都会碰到的急诊情况为例吧;在那一年的最初几个月,我一直害怕听到铃响;我知道铃声意味着又要作出一个生死攸关的决定;事情往往是这样：在我告诉沃尔特或拉里对于某一特殊情况应如何处理之后,我就很难再重新入睡了;我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情,常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定;不止一次,在我躺了一个小时还睡不着之后,我会在凌晨两三点钟从床上跳起来,穿好衣服,驾车去医院亲自探视病人;唯有这样我才能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静;然而,在我做住院医生的最后一个月,睡眠已不再是个问题了;在有些情况下我仍然不能确定自己的决定是否正确,但我已学会把这看做一个外科医师经常会遇到的问题,一个永远也不能完全解决的问题——我已能适应它了;所以,我一旦经过深思熟虑作出某个决定,就不再去多想它了;多想也不会有什么帮助,而且我知道,凭我的知识和经验,我作出的任何决定肯定都是稳妥的;这是一种令人愉快的感觉;在手术室里我也同样充满信心;我知道自己的知识、技术和经验足以对付我在开业行医中将会碰到的任何外科病例;当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时,我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了;我知道,即使碰上事先无法预见其问题所在的病例,我也能处置我发现的任何情况;我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手上的腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例;这类外科手术我已经战战兢兢地干了五年;我再也不必担惊受怕了;而且,我也不再怕犯错误了;我知道在我出去开业行医时,说不定什么时候我就会不可避免地出差错；我会给不需要手术治疗的病人开刀,也可能会把需要动手术的病人忽略过去;五年前——甚至一年前——如果我不得不为一次判断上的失误负全部责任的话,我是没法容忍自己的;现在我能了;我仍然害怕犯错误——愿意竭尽全力避免出错——但我知道这是外科医师生活的一部分;我之所以能够平静地接受这一事实,是因为我知道：如果我不能避免出差错,那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免;这些话听上去很自负,而且我以为这的确是自负——但外科医师就是需要这种自负;当他受到行医中必定会遇到的重重疑虑的煎熬时,他需要“自负”来支撑自己度过这些难受的时刻;他必须觉得,他与世上任何一位外科医生相比都毫不逊色,甚至还技高一筹;你管这叫自负也好,叫自信也罢；不管你叫它什么,反正我是有了;Unit7 Not on My Block人们认为埃塞尔·阿姆斯特德准是疯了,竟然敢去面对那些在她房子外面贩卖毒品的年轻人;但埃塞尔已忍无可忍;她鼓足勇气,走出去跟那帮人谈话;下面就是所发生的故事;离开我这个街区琳恩·罗塞利尼埃塞尔·阿姆斯特德一下子就喜欢上了那栋灰色的联房;房子里多出了一间卧室,还有一个很大的后院,可以让她的小外孙和外孙女在那儿玩耍;那个大理石的门廊将是夏天夜晚坐着乘凉的理想场所;但搬进来后的第一个晚上,当阿姆斯特德下班回到家时,她却发现有一帮样子很凶的人坐在她家门前的台阶上;她大吃一惊,说道：“请原谅,我住在这儿;”那一帮七个年轻人不情愿地站了起来,用冷酷无情的目光盯着她看;一走进去,阿姆斯特德就锁上门,从窗口往外看;她吃惊地发现那几个年轻人已经又坐在了她家的台阶上;在以后的几个星期里,阿姆斯特德了解到她那栋房子过去长期空关时,曾被一些毒品贩子用来在前面台阶下面藏过毒品;当川流不息的车辆和行人经过时,毒品贩子就在门廊上做生意;吸毒成瘾的人就在房子后面的小路上注射毒品,并在后院里随地撒尿;阿姆斯特德对占用她家前门的那些人不抱任何幻想;在东巴尔的摩那个充满犯罪与暴力的奥利弗地区居住的十年间,几乎每个晚上,她躺在床上都能听到毒品战激烈进行时的枪击声;但是,在这栋房子,有毒品贩子经常出没于她的门廊却是最糟糕的;有时候她一天要报警好几次,恳请警察把这些毒品贩子驱散;但警车一旦在街角消失,那些毒品贩子们又会陆陆续续地回来;作为一个50多岁、子女已经长大成人的母亲,阿姆斯特德从未想像过要进行这场战斗;但这并不是她第一次奋起应付突如其来的挑战了;在20世纪90年代中期,当她自己的女儿染上毒瘾,她的小外孙和外孙女需要人领养时,阿姆斯特德就把那三个男孩和一个女孩领来照管了;2000年9月的一个夜晚,在她迁入新居后大约一个月的时候,阿姆斯特德向上帝祈祷：“明天我要跟那些家伙谈一谈;请帮助我;”第二天,她直接找到那帮人的头,一个身穿牛仔裤、白色T恤衫的年轻人;阿姆斯特德的五脏六腑在翻滚,但她知道她绝不能露出恐惧的样子;“这里是我的地方,”她平静而温和地说,脸上一直挂着装出来的微笑;“我本不需要在进自己家时还要说一声‘请原谅’;”她对那个年轻人说,她不希望他和他的朋友们再当着她小外孙和外孙女的面贩卖毒品;他们必须离开她的住宅,离开隔壁空关的住宅,离开那个街角;那人一声不响;阿姆斯特德的心已跳到喉咙口;随后那人点了点头;那伙人离开了;但过了几天,他们又回来了;阿姆斯特德把她的要求重说了一遍;第二天、第三天又重说了一遍;随后,一件有趣的事情发生了;那伙人开始听话了;他们转移到了下一个街区;冬天来了,他们把她房前路上的积雪扫干净,她生病的时候,他们还来看望她;不久,他们就开始喊她“大妈”了;她的外孙、外孙女们现在可以在街上打球了;有时候,那些年轻人也和他们一起玩;如果哪个孩子跟外婆顶嘴,某个年轻人就会说：“你不可以这样讲话;她是你外婆”阿姆斯特德不停地“嘀咕”,警告他们轻易得来的钱有危险;“你们会被杀头的”她对他们说;“还是干点正经事吧”人们对她说,她跟那帮恶棍这样讲话真是太蠢了;尤其是在仅仅五个街区外另一个表明自己立场的大妈被杀之后;这个大妈叫安吉拉·道森;她只身与另一伙毒品贩子进行了一场战斗——结果失败了;道森家的房子被人放火烧了,安吉拉、她的丈夫卡内尔和他们的五个孩子都死了,这一悲剧成了震惊全国的新闻;邻近地区内的一名男子受到指控;阿姆斯特德不认识安吉拉·道森,但她认识她的孩子;在这场致死的大火后,她更加当心了——但她并没有停止;而且她不仅仅限于谈话;她一直是社区组织巴尔的摩发展领导才能联合会BUILD的推动力;他们一起把毒品贩子从一块空地上赶走,在那里建了一个儿童游乐场;他们在学校里开办了一项放学后的校内活动,让孩子们不要到街上去;他们促使市里和当地的教堂加快了重建弃房的步伐;不久前,阿姆斯特德偶然碰见了过去常在她门前台阶上荡来荡去的那伙人中的一个;“嗨,大妈”那人大喊了一声,一边紧紧地拥抱着她;他告诉她,他已经找到一份工作,接着又说：“我真要谢谢你当年给我们嘀咕的那些话;”阿姆斯特德对她产生的影响很是谦虚;她只是说：“知道自己那番话至少说服了一个年轻人,这就让我很开心了;”Unit9 What Is Intelligence, Anyway阿西莫夫说明了为什么智力远非只是在智力测验中取得高分;智力到底是什么艾萨克·阿西莫夫智力到底是什么呢当我在部队服役时,我曾接受过一种所有士兵都参加的智能测验,在标准得分为100的情况下,我得了160分;基地上没有哪个人曾见过这样的高分,于是他们便对我大加吹捧了两个小时之久;这对我毫无意义;第二天我仍然是一名列兵,最高的职务是担任伙食值勤员;我一生中一直得到这样的高分,因此便有一种自鸣得意之感,认为自己非常聪明,而且期望别人也这样认为;然而,实际上,难道这类分数不是仅仅意味着我很善于回答那些编制智力测验的人们——智力爱好跟我类似的人们——认为值得回答的那类学究式的问题吗比方说吧,我过去有位汽车修理师,据我估计,在这类智力测验中,他的得分不大可能会超过80;我过去总是想当然地以为我比他聪明得多;然而,每当我的汽车出了毛病,我总是急急忙忙地去找他,焦急地注视着他检查汽车的主要部位,恭听着他的见解,仿佛聆听神谕一般——而他总能把我的汽车修好;。
大学英语精读第三版第二册英语课文
UNIT2e ssons from jeff ersonJeff erson died long ago, butmay o f his idea s sti ll of grea t int erest to u s.Lesso ns fr om Je ffers onThoma s Jef ferso n, th e thi rd Pr eside nt of theUnite d Sta tes,may b e les sfam ous t han G eorge Wash ingto n and Abra ham L incol n, bu t mos t peo ple r ememb er atlast onefactabout him: he w rotethe D eclar ation of I ndepe ndenc e.Altho ugh J effer son l ivedmorethan200 y earsago,there is m uch t hat w e lea rn fr om hi m tod ay. M any o f his idea s are espe ciall y int erest ing t o mod ern y outh. Here aresomeof th e thi ngs h e sai d and wrot e:Go an d see. Jef ferso n bel ieved that a fr ee ma n obt ainsknowl edgefrommanysourc es be sides book s and that pers onalinves tigat ion i s imp ortan t. Wh en st ill a youn g man, hewas a ppoin ted t o a c ommit tee t o fin d out whet her t he So uth B ranch of t heJa mes R iverwas d eep e nough to b e use d bylarge boat s. Wh ile t he ot her m ember s ofthe c ommit tee s at in thestate capi tol a nd st udied pape rs on thesubje ct, J effer son g ot in to acanoe andmadeon-th e-spo t-obs ervat ions.Yo u can lear n fro m eve ryone. Bybirth andby ed ucati on Je ffers on be longe d tothe h ighes t soc ial c lass. Yet, in a daywhenfew n obleperso ns ev er sp oke t o tho se ofhumb le or igins exce pt to give an o rder, Jeff erson went outof hi s wayto t alk w ith g arden ers,serva nts,and w aiter s. Je ffers on on ce sa id to theFrenc h nob leman, Laf ayett e, "Y ou mu st go into thepeopl e's h omesas Ihavedone, look into thei r coo kingpotsand e at th eir b read. If y ou wi ll on ly do this, you mayfindout w hy pe opleare d issat isfie d and unde rstan d the revo lutio n tha t isthrea tenin g Fra nce."Ju dge f or yo ursel f. Je ffers on re fused to a ccept othe r peo ple's opin ionswitho utca reful thou ght."Neit her b eliev e nor reje ct an ythin g," h e wro te to hisnephe w, "b ecaus e any othe r per son h as re jecte d orbelie ved i t. He avedhas g ivenyou a mind forjudgi ngtr uth a nd er ror.Use i t."Jeff erson felt that thepeopl e "ma y saf ely b e tru stedto he ar ev eryth ing t rue a nd fa lse,and t o for m a c orrec t jud gment. Wer e itleftto me to d ecide whet her w e sho uld h ave a gove rnmen t wit houtnewsp apers or n ewspa perswitho ut agover nment, I s hould nothesit ate a mome nt to pref er th e lat ter."Do what youbelie ve is righ t. In a fr ee co untry ther e wil l alw ays b e con flict ing i deas, andthisis asourc e ofstren gth.It is conf lictand n ot un quest ionin g agr eemen t tha t kee ps fr eedom aliv e. Th oughJeffe rsonwas f or ma ny ye ars t he ob jectof st rongcriti cism,he n everanswe red h is cr itics. Heexpre ssedhis p hilos ophyin le tters to a frie nd, "There aretwo s idesto ev ery q uesti on. I f you take onesidewithdecis ion a nd on it w ith e ffect, tho se wh o tak e the othe r sid e wil l ofcours e res ent y our a ction s."T rustthe f uture; tru st th e you ng. J effer son f elt t hat t he pr esent shou ld ne ver b e cha inedto cu stoms whic h hav e los t the ir us efuln ess."No s ociet y," h e sai d, "c an ma ke aperpe tualconst ituti on, o r eve n a p erpet ual l aw. T he ea rth b elong s tothe l iving gene ratio n." H e did notfearnew i deas, nordid h e fea r the futu re. "How m uch p ain,"he r emark ed, "has b een c aused by e vilswhich have neve r hap pened! I e xpect thebest, notthe w orst. I st eer m y shi p wit h hop e, le aving fear behi nd."Jef ferso n's c ourag e and idea lismwerebased on k nowle dge.He pr obabl y kne w mor e tha n any othe r man of h is ag e. He wasan ex pertin ag ricul ture, arch eolog y, an d med icine. Hepract icedcroprotat ion a nd so il co nserv ation a ce ntury befo re th ese b ecame stan dardpract ice,and h e inv ented a pl ow su perio r toany o therin ex isten ce. H e inf luenc edar chite cture thro ughou t Ame rica, andhe wa s con stant ly pr oduci ng de vices formakin gthe task s ofordin ary l ife e asier to p erfor m.Of al l Jef ferso n's m any t alent s, on e iscentr al. H e was abov e all a go od an d tir eless writ er. H is co mplet e wor ks, n ow be ing p ublis hed f or th e fir stti me, w ill f ill m ore t han f iftyvolum es. H is ta lentas an auth or wa s soo n dis cover ed, a nd wh en th e tim e cam e towrite theDecla ratio n ofIndep enden ce at Phil adelp hia i n 1776, th e tas k ofwriti ng it washis.Milli ons h ave t hrill ed to hiswords: "We hold thes e tru ths t o beself-evide nt, t hat a ll me n are crea ted e qual…Wh en Je ffers on di ed on July 4, 1826,the 50th a nnive rsary of A meric anin depen dence, helefthis c ountr ymena ric h leg acy o f ide as an d exa mples. Ame ricaneduc ation owes a gr eat d ebt t o Tho mas J effer son,Who b eliev ed th at on ly anatio n ofeduca ted p eople coul d rem ain f ree.杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。
大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案
大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案Unit1一）1. bare2. empty3. empty4. bare5. empty6.empty二）1. shortly2.track down3.faint4.motioned5.at the sight of6.feel like7.slamming8.rang out9.contract10.made for11.heated12.emerged三）1. host2. sprang up/rang out3. impulse4. came to5. track down6. unexpected7. outgrow8. widened9. shortly10. emerge / spring up11. at the sight of12. made for13. crisis14. colonial四）1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago.2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation?3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit.4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent?5. Her face lit up with joy at his return.6. The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther away.五）1.Additional advantageousAnxious conditionalCourageous curiousDangerous educationalEmotional famousIndustrial intentionalMedical mountionousMusical mysteriousNational occasionalPersonal practical2.Heated coloredpigtailed giftedbearded pointedexperienced agedskilled diseased六）1.The people questioned gave very different opinions on the issue.2. Can you see the man climbing on that rock?3. Several days passed before they came up with a satisfactory solution to the problems discussed.4. We were woken early by the sound of the birds singing.5. The chairman made it clear that those objecting should explain their reasons.6. After a day’s work, I felt I had little energy left.7. I knew of some of the athletes taking part.8. The success obtained surprised those who had given up the project as impossible.七）1. During the time that2. As long as3. Although4. as long as6. Although7. whereas8. Although1. They frightened the child into telling the truth.2. He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire.3. My tactless words forced the old gentleman into buying something he could not possibly afford.4. He finally talked me into accepting his terms.5. The girl persuaded her father into giving up smoking.6. Their severe criticism shocked her into realizing her selfishness.1. Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock.2. An investigation is to be made next week.3. I am to meet them at the airport.4. You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.5. The medicine is to be taken three times a day after meals.6. Bob and Susan are to get married in October八）1.hosts2.heated3.argument4.impulse5.shortly6.emerged7.slam8.crawled9.crisis1.corner2.attention3.noticed4.shining5.directed6.there7.bed8.snake9.its10.feet11.from12.however13.do14.as16.neither17.still18.if19.through20.floor21.pulling22.under23.cried24.out25.to26.where27.made28.eyes九）1.do the cooking3.hardly thought so3.settled down4.half expected5.equipment6.boiled over7.why things were so quiet8.burning9.greeted10.battlefield十）1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
大学英语精读第二册英语第一单元翻译
英语第一单元A heated discus sionaboutwhethe r men are braver than womenis settle d in a rather unexpe ctedway.关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了。
closeThe Dinner PartyM ona Gardne r 1RT I firstheardthis tale in India, whereit is told as if true — though any natura listwouldknow it couldn't be. Latersomeon e told me thatthe storyappear ed in a magazi ne shortl y before the FirstWorldWar. That magazi ne story, and the person who wroteit, I have neverbeenable to trackdown.晚宴莫娜·加德纳我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。
后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。
但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
close2RT The countr y is India. A coloni al offici al and his wife are giving a largedinner party. They are seated with theirguests— office rs and theirwives, and a visiti ng Americ an natura list— in theirspacio us dining room, whichhas a bare marble floor, open rafter s and wide glassdoorsopenin g onto a verand a.故事发生在印度。
大学英语精读第二册Unit1 IsThereLifeonEarth
Unit 1 Is There Life on EarthWarm-up ActivityPlease figure out the meanings of the following expressions, using context clues provided in the text:1)the V enus Institute of Technologythe V enus Evening StarV enus Beingsthe Grubstartzilches2)earth’s surface in the area of Manhattanthe Consolidated Edison Beltsomething that looks like a rivermetal particlesstalagmite projectionsgranite formationsMake clear the following two points:1)The author has meant this essay to appear as a piece of science fiction, a story takingplace on the planet V enus.2)It is written from the point of view of the “V enusians” who are exploring the possibility oflife on Earth.Art Buchwald has meant this article to appear as a piece of science fiction or to be an amusing nonsense story just for light reading. But in fact it is a very serious article about a grace subject ---man’s total indifference to his environment. It’s written from the point of view not of human beings living on the Earth, but of the V enusians who are exploring the possibility of life on the Earth. The author sketches a horrible picture of what life could be probably be like on the Earth in the future unless we begin to take better care of our environment.Try to find out the following information about the press conference.1)time of the press conference2)place of the press conference3)main topic of the press conference4)problems discussed5)purpose of the research3.Group discussion:1)What are some of the environmental prob lems in today’s world?2)What are the causes of these problems?3)What should we do to protect our environment?Written assignmentMan and the EnvironmentMan is closely related to the environment. Our environment provides us with fresh air, clean water, various vegetables to eat and fertile soil in which to plant. Man could hardly survive if he couldn’t get the necessities, he needed from the environment. So a good environment is essential to man’s life.However, our environment is faced with many dangers. It is seriously polluted by chemical wastes from factories and sewage in cities. Farmland has lost its fertility and even become sandy.Moreover, a large scale of forests are being cut down. And a variety of animals are being hunted. As a result, the balance of nature is being destroyed.Effective measures must be taken to protect our environment. Laws must be passed to control these problems. Moreover, let the public be aware of the importance of environmental protection. Only in this way can man have a pleasant environment.Important words and expressions:1. signal: (n) movement, message, device, etc.---The commander made a signal with his hand for his soldiers to move on.---All vehicles must stop when the traffic signal turns red.(v) send a signal or signals to---The Chairman signaled silence to some of the audience who were busy talking.Cf. sign v.签署; ---signature n.签字，签名作手势---sign n.符号，标记，手势significance n. 意义，含义，重要性significant a. 重要的2.feasibility: possibility of being carried out or done---A feasibility study is required before the bank agrees to finance a project.---Although many people doubted the feasibility of the experiment, he was determined to go on. 3.conference: meeting (formal usage)---The more international conference a scholar attends, the better known he is.搭配call a conference hold a conferencebe in a conference have a conference withpress conference4.conclude(1)结束（2）推断出---The teacher concluded by thanking the parent’s co-operation.---They concluded, from what they’ve heard and seen , that the car belonged to the young man.搭配in conclusion 最后，总之come to /reach/ draw the conclusion得出结论pose: (1)make up, form---The island of Great Britain is composed of England, Scotland and Wales.---Our text book is composed of ten Units.比较consist of /constitute(2) create (a literary or musical piece)---He also composed many hymns, several of which remain in existence.---A ballet may be choreographed（编舞）either to music especially composed for it or to music already existing.6.survive: vt (1) remain alive---According to the Theory of Evolution, only the fittest animals survive.---It is a miracle that John survived the air crash while all the others were dead.(2) live longer than---It is unnatural for parents to survive their children.---In a typical family, the wife usually survives the husband by five years or longer7.concern vt.: be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，关系到---He was suspected to be concerned with the bribery case.涉及，关系到---The mother was so concerned for her hospitalized son that she kept awake for several nights.关心---As far as I’m concerned, I should like to say I am not in favor of the plan.就……而言习惯用法show concern for sb.关心某人have no concern with sth.同某事没有关系concerning prep. 关于concerned a. 有关的8.emit: send out---In order to find E. T. s(外星人), some scientists have been emitting radio signals to outer space for a long time.---The volcano emitted a cloud of smoke and ashes.9.crash: fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily---The bus crashed into a truck.smash: break violently into small pieces---The dishes dropped on the floor and smashed into pieces.crush 压碎，压坏---Eggs crush easily.11.fund(1) sum of money set apart for a special purpose---Her only job now is to run the charity fund her family has set up.---The primary task of a university president in the USA is to raise funds.(2) store or supply (of non-material things)---Children like to gather around the old woman, who seems to have a great fund of fairy tales. Phrases :1.manage to :(1) succeed in doing esp.with effort---How did you manage to persuade him to come?---Could you manage to accomplish the task by Friday?---He managed to paint the whole room in one hour.比较I don’t think I can make it, but I’ll try.(2) control, deal with---If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful/---I don’t think we can manage a huge fish like that just between the two of us.2. send back寄回，退还send away解雇，驱散send for 派人去请send in 呈报send out 发出，放出send out for 派……去取3.ever since: from then till now---She caught a cold on Saturday and has been in bed ever since.---I’ve known them ever since they came here in 1982.4.be known as : called, recognized as被称为be known for 以…… 而闻名be known to 为某人所熟知---He is known as a successful pop music composer.---Mozart is known as a gifted musician.---Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery.---This pop song is known to us .---It is known to all that these islands have always been under Chinese jurisdiction.（管辖）5.be named after: be given the same name of---The Hudson River is named after the English explorer Henry Hudson.---The girl was named Julia after her mother.搭配(1) name…as 任命……为，指定……为---He was named as the probable successor.(2) name…for任命……担任---A young lieutenant was named for duty.6.as to :about ,concerning---He has no complaint as to his salary.---There is no doubt as to her honesty.7.as far as…be concerned---As far as your career is concerned, you should choose to work in a big company.---As far as the color is concerned, I prefer this suit.8.for one thing…for another---For one thing, he drinks, for another, he likes gambling.---For one thing I think he is stupid, for another I don’t l ike him.9.set back(1) hinder the progress of---The oil crisis set back the entire economy of that country.(2) move back---I set my clock back by an hour.比较setback n.---suffer/receive/meet with a setback---a setback in one’s business搭配set about 开始做---I must set about my packing.set aside 储藏，留出---Each week she tried to set aside a few dollars.set out 出发，开始---Then they set out for the farm.---We now set out to climb the hill.set up 成立，建立---The Luxun Academy of Arts was set up in 1938 i n Y an’an.10.stick up: project upwards, stand upwards---The Empire State Building that sticks up on Manhattan is the tallest skyscraper in the world. --The girls’ hair has stuck up straight with fright.搭配（1）stick up to---There’s no one who dare stick u p to him.2) stick to---Don’t stick to your own opinion.3)stick it out---On such occasions there is only one thing to do---stick it out.4) Stick together---They stick together through thick and thin.11.give off :emit, send out 发出，放出---Water, when boiled, always gives off steam.give out 发放---An usher stood at the door giving out programs.give away泄漏，出卖---He was given away by one of his accompanies.give back 还给---They decided to give it back to its owner.give in 屈服，递交---Y ou mustn’t give in to him.---He gave in his resignation right after the cabinet meeting. give up 放弃，让出---Then he was forced to give up school.---He gave up his seat to the old woman.。
大学英语精读2 Unit 1
Did the hunter manage to ~the wounded deer?
Part two
Question for thinking
1. What was the subject of discussion between the young girl and the major? 2.What is their point of view respectively?
naked
bare feet
bald
3.Word formation
1)-al:can be added to nouns to form adj. with the meaning “of”, e.g. colonial=of a colony natural=of nature 2)-ous:can also be added to nouns to form adj. with the meaning “having much”, “full of”, e.g. spacious=having much space joyous=full of joy; causing joy
She has outgrown her passion for music.
7. jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse
This is a compound adjective formed from an attributive clause (the era) when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse
中国铁娘子。
张海迪 (a famous writer)
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大学英语精读第二册 Unit One：Is There Life on
Earth？
TEXT
It is humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.
Ts There Life on Earth?
There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth, and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.
The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer1 Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago).
Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.
"We have come to the conclusion, based on last week's
satellite landing," Prof. Zog said, "that there is no life on Earth."
"How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.
"For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breather this
air and survive."
"What does this mean as far as our flying sauce program is concerned?"
"We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned."
"Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studier?"
"Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering2 over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated3 Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there."
"Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer."
"Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?"
"We're not certain. They seem to be metal particles that move along certain paths. They emit gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other. There are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one."
"What are those stalagmite projections4 sticking up?"
"They're some type of granite5 formations that give off light at night. Prof. Glom has named them skyscrapers6 since they seem to be scraping the skies."
"If all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?"
"Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds."
"Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no
life there?
"Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere."
NEW WORDS
humorous
a. funny; that makers7 people laugh 幽默的
humor
n.
essay
n. 散文，随笔
excitement
n. the state or quality of being excited
planet。