高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 19 Language

Unit 19 Language
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．nationwide adv. 全国性地
2．thankful adj.为……感到高兴的；感谢的3．absence n. 缺乏；缺席
4．enlarge vt.扩大
5．adjust vt.调节；调整
6．inform vt.告知，通知
7．relative n. 亲戚，亲属
8．fasten vt.束紧
9．sincerely adv. 真诚地
10．punctuation n. 标点符号11．constitution n. 宪法
12．liberty n. 自由
13．acquisition n. (语言)习得14．curriculum n. (学校的)课程15．adequate adj.足够的，充分的16．accelerate vi.& vt.加速
17．explicit adj.明确的；清楚的18．resemble vt.与……相似；像19．transparent adj.透明的；清晰易辨的20．amateur adj.业余的
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．fluency n. 流畅度，流利度
→fluent adj.流畅的
2．accuracy n. 精确度，准确度
→accurate adj.正确无误的
3．surround vt.环绕，围绕
→surrounding adj.周围的
→surroundings n. 环境
4．announcement n. 通告；宣告
→announce vt.通告；宣告
5．congratulate vt.祝贺
→congratulation n. 祝贺
6．unconscious adj.无意的；不知不觉的
→conscious adj.有意识的；有知觉的
7．applicant n. 申请人
→apply vt.申请
→application n. 申请，请求
8．punctual adj.准时的，守时的
→punctually adv. 如期地，准时地
9．negotiate vt.谈判；协商
→negotiation n. 谈判；协商
10．embarrass vt.使窘迫
→embarrassed adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的
→embarrassing adj.窘迫的
→embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．My spoken English is not half as fluent(fluence) as yours.
2．Accuracy(accurate) is more important than speed in his new job.
3．The surrounding(surround) villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 4．They found him lying unconscious(conscious) on the floor when they broke in. 5．Allow me to offer my warm congratulations(congratulate) on the success of your troupe(表演团)．
6．We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation(negotiate)．
7．He made the announcement(announce) in a speech on television.
8．Many people have applied for the job.The applicants must hand in their applications by Friday.(apply)
9．He was absent from the meeting.His absence made the problem more difficult.(absence)
10．The question really embarrassed him.In other words，the embarrassingquestion made him embarrassed．(embarrass)
[拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．keep in mind 记住
2．stand out 出色；突出
3．get ahead 取得成功；获得进步
4．rely on 依靠；依赖
5．take the form of 以……的形式出现(存在)
6．adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
7．inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
8．consist of 由……组成，构成
9．catch on 学会；受欢迎
10．for ages 很久，很长时间
11．congratulate sb. on sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
12．on purpose 故意地
13．regardless of 不管；不顾
14．on the other hand 另一方面
15．I bet 我肯定
16．more than 不仅仅；超过
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．On the one hand，I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
2．The new fashion has caught on with young people after coming onto the market. 3．I asked him why he left out important information on purpose．
4．Getting ahead at work is the most important thing to me at the moment. 5．On hearing the news，I called them immediately to congratulate them on success. 6．The medical team consisting of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to West Africa.
7．Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely on in the world. 8．They were all attractive，but she stood out from the others.
9．Keep in mind that letting go is a state of mind and has nothing to do with your action.
10．He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage.
11．For safety's sake，don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 12．She is determined to do anything regardless of all consequences.
[拓展联想]
provided that I pay in advance. we shall hold the meeting next week.
(对应学生用书第135页)
精讲6个考纲单词
absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席
[教材原句] However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。

(1)absence from... 缺席；离开
absence of mind 心不在焉
during/in one's absence＝during/in the absence of sb.
在某人不在的时候
(2)absent adj.缺席的；茫然的
absent­minded adj.心不在焉的
be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少
①The decision was made in my absence.
这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。

②His failure lies in his absence of mind.
他的失败在于心不在焉。

③Tom was absent from school because he was ill.
汤姆因病没去上学。

surround vt.&vi.包围；围绕
[高考佳句]Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.(2015·福建高考·阅读理解
E)然后确保你周围的人都是支持你的，不要让消极的因素毁掉你的积极性。

(1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.
使某人/物包围某人/物
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n. 环境(指周围的具体的物质环境)
livable cities in China.现代的青岛三面环水，被认为是中国最宜居住的城市之一。

②Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings．只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适更美丽的环境里。

③The surrounding (surround) village have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。

链接写作
【导学号：33220069】(普通表达)Our village is surrounded with a lot of trees and it looks so peaceful. (高级表达)Surrounded with a lot of trees，our village looks so peaceful.(用过去分词短语作状语)
guarantee vt.保证；担保 n．保证；保证书；抵押品
[教材原句]Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.
读前了解新闻的主要内容可以保证阅读英文时更透彻的理解。

(1)guarantee sb. against/from 保证某人免受(损伤或伤害)
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that... 保证……
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee (that...) 向某人保证(……)
①I guarantee that this will not happen again.
我保证此类事情不会再发生。

②We guarantee to deliver(deliver)your goods within a week.我们保证一周内到货。

③The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.这辆车还没有一年，因此它在保修期内。

adjust vt.调节；调整；整理 vi.适应
[经典例句] If your employment status changes，your tax code will be adjusted accordingly.(朗文辞典)
如果就业状况改变，你的免税代码也会作相应调整。

(1)adjust to 适应于
adjust (sth./oneself) to (doing) sth.
使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应
make an adjustment 作出调整
①Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

②My parents had trouble adjusting to living(live)in an apartment.我父母不习惯住公寓。

③We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.我们必须尽快适应新生活。

inform vt.告知，通知
[经典例句] I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.(牛津词典)
我得到可靠消息说他们俩将明年结婚。

(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that... 告知某人……
(2)informed adj.了解情况的；消息灵通的
keep sb. informed of sth. 使某人知道某事
①We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。

②We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。

③The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed (inform) of the programme's progress.
老板要求秘书随时向他报告计划的进展情况。

embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难
[经典例句] What embarrassed him was that he had no idea of what was going on. 对所发生的事情一无所知，这让他很难堪。

(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.
做某事使某人窘迫
(2)embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的
be embarrassed at/about (对……)感到为难/尴尬
(3)embarrassing adj.令人困窘的
(4)embarrassment n. 困窘，困惑
to one's embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思
①The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.(2016·浙江高考·阅读理解A)
秘密越是令人尴尬或者不体面，流言就会越刺激。

②It embarrasses me to meet (meet) the young man again，for I misunderstood him.再次见到这个·轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会了他。

③Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everyone was staring at her.
当她意识到大家都盯着她看时，她感到很不好意思。

链接写作
【导学号：33220070】他说的话使她在同学们面前很难堪。

①What he said makes her lose face in front of her classmates.
②What he said makes her embarrassed in front of her classmates.
诠释2个核心短语
catch on学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受
[一词多义] 写出下列句中catch on的含义
①The new dance quickly caught on among the students.流行起来
②Sometimes I don't catch on to your jokes. 理解
③I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受欢迎
④If only this idea could catch on，we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.被接受
⑤He is very quick to catch on to things.学会
catch one's attention 引起某人的注意；吸引某人
catch up with 赶上
catch hold of 抓住
catch sight of 看见
catch sb. doing sth. 发现(撞见)某人做某事
⑥My sister caught hold of my sleeve and pulled me back.姐姐抓住我的袖子，把我拉了回来。

⑦I caught my deskmate reading (read) my private letters.
我的同桌在阅读我的私人信件时被我撞见了。

on the other hand另一方面
[高考佳句] Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt.(2014·江西高考·单项填空)
开始你自己的事业可能是一种获得经济独立的方法。

另一方面，它可能将你置于债务之中。

on(the)one hand...on the other (hand)...
一方面……另一方面……
for one thing...for another...
一方面……另一方面……(用于引出并列的理由)
a huge amount of pollution.一方面来说，汽车当然很有用，但从另一方面来说，它们也造成了大量污染。

②—Why do you like reading?
—For one thing，reading can help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons；for another，it can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. ——你为什么喜欢读书？
——一方面，读书有助于提高我的写作技能，开阔我的视野；另一方面，又能丰富我的人生，为我提供很大的乐趣。

突破1个高考句型
(教材P12)Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。

provided that引导一个条件状语从句，意为“如果，只要”；provided可以换成providing，that可省略。

与之同义的结构有：on condition that/only if/as long as/so long as/if/suppose
(supposing) that/given that/assuming (assume) that等。

①So long as the price is right，we'll buy everything you produce.
只要价格合理，我们将采购你们所有的产品。

②Supposing that it rains，can we play the match indoors？要是下雨的话，我们在室内比赛行吗？
③Given(give)that I have a knowledge of computer，I won't trouble you with such small things.
假如我懂电脑，我就不会用这些小事情麻烦你了。

链接写作
【导学号：33220071】只要你多练习，你的英语口语就会提高。

①(普通表达)Your oral English is to be improved if you practise more.
②(高级表达)Your oral English is to be improved provided/providing that you practise more.
[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————————
(对应学生用书第137页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If she wants to settle in London，she must learn to adjust herself (she) to English life.
2．Surrounded (surround) by a river，the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.
3．It embarrassed her greatly to borrow (borrow) money from him again. 4．Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.
5．It doesn't necessarily happen that you'll do well academically even if you're highly intelligent.
6．I am sure we can help you solve the problem，provided (provide) that you tell us all the necessary information.
7．What is well known to us all is that Kobe has become one of the most popular NBA players.
8．Please look after my house while I am absent from home.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It happened—whether by accident or by purpose—that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
第二个by→on
2．If he will go there or not is not clear.
If→Whether
3．She was always calm and never seemed embarrassing.
embarrassing→embarrassed
4．He owed his success to the fact which he worked twice as long hours as other colleagues.
which→that
5．What impresses me most is that the little girl can speak English fluent.
fluent→fluently
(对应学生用书第138页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
请根据Lesson 1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It 1.was predicted(predict) as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.The 2.growth (grow) of international companies and the great advances in communications have started the trend for learning English as a foreign language.In today's world，3.being (be) able to speak more than one language，4.including (include) English，is how you stand out and get ahead.
However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in 5.the absence of a native language environment.Some 6.respected ( respect ) theories on language acquisition believe that 7.to attain (attain) a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded 8.by it.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English­speaking country are small.9.Therefore，most of us have to rely on 10.what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．老板不在期间，李华总是业务缠身。

(in the absence of ，be surrounded by)
2．今天早上，他先是接到通知和一家重要公司谈判，然后他要去为一家新公司开业贺喜。

(be informed ，negotiate with ，be to do ，congratulate...on)
3．不管愿不愿意，他都得尽其所能以确保顾客满意。

(whether...or not ，ensure)
4．只要公司业务得以发展，他们的产品真正受欢迎，他乐意让自己适应这种忙碌的生活。

(provided that ，get ahead ，catch on ，adjust oneself to)
第一步 练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步 练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

Surrounding by business, Li Hua is always busy in the absence of the boss. This morning, an order came he had to negotiate with an important company after then he was informed that he was to congratulate a new firm on it's opening. Whether he is willing or not, he would manage to ensure the guests are pleased. Provided that the business of their company gets ahead and their products really catch on, she is ready to adjust himself to such a busy life.
【答案】
Surrounding Surrounded
by business, Li Hua is always busy in the absence of the boss. This morning, an order came ∧that he had to negotiate with an important company after and
then he was informed that he was to congratulate a new firm on it's its
opening. Whether he is willing or not, he would manage to ensure the guests are pleased. Provided that
the business of their company gets ahead and their products really catch on, she he
is ready to adjust himself to such a busy life.。