专升本英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷10含答案和解析

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷10
阅读理解
The aim of the teacher is to get his pupils as quickly as possible over the period in which each printed symbol is looked at for its shape, and arrive at the stage when the pupil looks at words and phrases, for their meaning, almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters.
When a good reader is at work, he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one, however quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel smoothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very good reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts; the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Sometimes, when he meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once.
The teacher's task is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one \
1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the first paragraph?(A)
A. Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the stage of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols.
B. Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape.
C. Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at the shape of the printed symbols.
D. Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of their study.
解析：文章第一段最后一句话“…almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters”，与选项A一致。

2.In a single moment, a good reader picks up______.(A)
A. several words
B. several phrases
C. several sentences
D. several lines
解析：文章第二段中“he takes in the meaning of two，three，or four words at a time，in a single moment”，“take in the meaning”与题目中的“pick up”是同义，所以选A。

3.According to the passage, which of the following is FALSE?(D)
A. The eyes of a good reader make short halts and long jumps.
B. The eyes of a bad reader take in the meaning of one word at a time.
C. The eyes of a bad reader take only short jumps.
D. The eyes of a good reader move steadily.
解析：文章第二段中“The eyes of a very good reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts；the eyes of a poor reader move
more slowly，taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt．”可知选项D中的“move steadily”与此句话意思相反。

4.One may have to read something a second time if______.(D)
A. there is enough time
B. one reads too fast
C. the passage is very long
D. one reads word by word
解析：从第二段末尾“when he meets a difficulty，he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once．”可知“go backward to see again”与题目中的“read something a second time”意思一致。

这就是“poor reader”的表现，所以选D。

5.The main idea of the last paragraph is that______.(A)
A. word-by-word reading is highly inefficient
B. the pupil’s eyes should focus on groups of syllables instead of single syllables
C. pupils have to move their eyes back and forth when reading
D. finger-pointing in reading helps the pupil concentrate on meaning
解析：从文章对两种阅读方法的比较及文章最后段落可知，文章主要是表明逐字阅读是非常低效的。

故选A。

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however,
vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much prioritize(优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher' s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to \
6.The major point discussed in the passage is______.(A)
A. the importance of developing spelling skills
B. the complexities of spelling
C. the correct way of marking compositions
D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition
解析：文章开始表明了拼写现象被忽视，而后又列举了拼写所造成的问题。

故作者主张重视拼写技能。

7.The writer seems to think that the teacher’ s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is______.(B)
A. reasonable
B. unfair
C. foolish
D. careless
解析：从第三段末尾来看The teacher wasnot wrong to draw attention to the errors，but if hispriorities had centered on the child’s ideas，在这
里关键是读出but的语义转折及后面的虚拟。

由此可知教师的评语是不太公平的。

8.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______.(A)
A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely
B. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
C. students will have more confidence in writing
D. students will learn to be independent of teachers
解析：文章第一段的末尾The problem is，how to encourage a child to express himself freelyand confidently in writing without holding himback with the complexities of spelling?而后作者又提到That’s why teachers often encourage theearly use of dictionaries and pay attention tocontent rather than technical ability．可知A是正确答案。

9.The expression \(D)
A. to write carefully
B. to do as teachers say
C. to use dictionaries frequently
D. to avoid using words one is not sure of
解析：文中对play safe进行了解释，即Hewill tend to write only words within his spellingrange，choosing to avoid adventurous language．与D 答案相符。

10.Teachers are different in their opinions about______.(B)
A. the difficulties in teaching spelling
B. the role of spelling in general language development
C. the complexities of the basic spelling skills
D. the necessity of teaching spelling
解析：文章第一段中提到There are，however，vastly different ideas about how to teachit，or how much prioritize(优先)it must begiven over general language development andwriting ability，故选B。

Large companies need a way to reach the saving of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the saving of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
11.The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries______.(C)
A. to borrow as much money as they wish
B. to make certain everybody saves money
C. to raise money to finance new developments
D. to make certain everybody lends money to them
解析：文章第四段第一句“There is hardly a man o r woman in this
country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development．”故C正确。

12.All the essential services on which we depend are______.(B)
A. run by the Government or our local authorities
B. in constant need of financial support
C. financed wholly by rates and taxes
D. unable to provide for the needs of the population
解析：从文章第三段“All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly，requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone．”文中“requiring more money”与选项中B的“in constant need of financial support”同义替换。

13.When the savers want their money back they______.(C)
A. ask another company to obtain their money for them
B. look for other people to borrow money from
C. put their shares in the company back on the market
D. transfer their money to more successful company
解析：第二段第二句“he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money．”故选C。

14.The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is______.(B)
A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies
C. exchanged for part ownership in The Stock Exchange
D. invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange
解析：文章第一段末尾“This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange．By doing so they can put into circulation the saving of individuals and institutions，both at home and overseas．”故选B。

15.Almost all companies involved in new production and development must______.(D)
A. rely on their own financial resources
B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
D. depend on the population as a whole for finance
解析：文章第一段中“So companies turn to the public，inviting people to lend them money，or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits．”文章中的“turn to”“lend”和选项中的D“depend on，for finance”同义替换。

Real policemen, both in Britain and in the United States, hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see about themselves on TV.
The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the
law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal. As soon as he is arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks where—failure to produce results will affect the reputation of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of people who act guilty of crimes.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures; first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
16.Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?(C)
A. In real life, finding criminals is one of the policemen’s greatest
problems.
B. The detective’s work is over once the arrest has been done.
C. The policeman spends a great deal of time finding evidence to support his arrests.
D. The policeman devotes most of his working life to searching for criminals.
解析：从文章第三段“He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence．”因此正确答案为C。

17.The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral twilight because he________.(C)
A. is an expensive public servant
B. often feels rather depressed
C. is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it
D. must always behave with absolute legality
解析：从文章最后一句话中“as expensive public servants they have to get results．They can hardly ever do both．Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways．”可知C为正确答案。

18.\(C)
A. the most dangerous criminals
B. most of the witnesses wanted
C. the majority of those the police are searching for
D. the men the police are most interested in arresting
解析：第三段中“The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men．”和上文结合起来可推出C是正确答案。

19.Only when very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks occur, will the police________.(C)
A. show up their elaborate machinery
B. fail to produce results
C. spend a lot of effort in finding the criminals
D. pay attention to their reputation
解析：文章第三段中已知，“In real li fe，finding criminals is seldom much of a problem．Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks where—failure to produce results will affect the reputation of the police—little effort is spent on searching．”一般情况下找到罪犯不成问题，只有在非常重大的案件时，才需要花费更多的努力来寻找罪犯。

此句的关键是把except读出来。

20.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law so that he can________.(B)
A. arrest criminals in the street
B. justify his arrests in court
C. know as much law as a professional lawyer
D. justify himself on TV
解析：文章第二段中“Most of his training is in criminal law．He has to
know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court．”其中选项B正是此句的意思，只是换了一种说法。

Large companies need a way to reach the saving of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the saving of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function.
All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
21.The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries______.(C)
A. to borrow as much money as they wish
B. to make certain everybody saves money
C. to raise money to finance new developments
D. to make certain everybody lends money to them
解析：文章第四段第一句“There is hardly aman or woman in this country whose job or whosestandard of living does not depend on the ability ofhis or her employers to raise money to finance newdevelopment．”故C正确。

22.All the essential services on which we depend are______.(B)
A. run by the Government or our local authorities
B. in constant need of financial support
C. financed wholly by rates and taxes
D. unable to provide for the needs of the population
解析：从文章第三段“All these requirecontinuous spending on new equipment and newdevelopment if they are to serve us properly，requiring more money than is raised through taxesalone．”文中“requiring more money”与选项中B的“in const ant need of financial support”同义替换。

23.When the savers want their money back they______.(C)
A. ask another company to obtain their money for them
B. look for other people to borrow money from
C. put their shares in the company back on the market
D. transfer their money to more successful company
解析：第二段第二句“he sells his sharesthrough a stockbroker to some other saver who isseeking to invest his money。

”故选C
24.The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is______.(B)
A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies
C. exchanged for part ownership in The Stock Exchange
D. invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange
解析：文章第一段末尾“This they do byissuing stocks and shares in th e business throughThe Stock Exchange．By doing so they can put intocirculation the saving of individuals andinstitutions．both at home and overseas．”故选B。

25.Almost all companies involved in new production and development must______.(D)
A. rely on their own financial resources
B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
D. depend on the population as a whole for finance
解析：文章第一段中“So companies turn to thepublic，inviting people to lend them money，ortake a share in the business in exchange for a sharein future profits．”文章中的“turn to”，“lend”和选项中的D“depend on，for finance”同义替换。