高三英语Unit 8 –Learning a foreign language人教版知识精讲

高三英语Unit 8 –Learning a foreign language人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 8 –Learning a foreign language
二. 重、难点句解析：
1. And, perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we hear and distinguish the mistakes and errors from “good〞 language ?
也许最令人迷惑不解的是，我们怎样才能把听到的声音变成有意义的语言，怎样把错误同“好的〞语言区分开来的呢？
make sense of：理解，使……有意义
distinguish … from …：把……和……区分开
2. Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and that our brain adjust itself to the language we hear around us.
有些人认为我们具有学习语言的特殊能力，而且我们的大脑会自动调节承受我们听到的身边的语言。

be equipped with … 装备……；具有……
adjust … to …：使……适应、调节……
3. Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things, such as walking or solving problems, and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt, not a language-specific part of the brain.
还有人认为我们学习语言正如我们学习其他技能，例如学习走路，学习解决问题等，我们天生具有学习和适应的能力；而不是大脑中有学习语言的专门区域。

be born with：天生具有……
4. Regardless of their theories, these experts do agree that life is a very successful language school: virtually everyone learns to use a language and has mastered the basics by the age of five.
不管他们的理论如何，这些语言专家都一致同意生活是一个卓有成效的语言学校，每个人事实上在五岁以前就学会了使用语言，并且掌握了语言最根本的东西。

regardless of：不管……
do agree：强调句〔强调谓语局部〕
virtually：实际上
5. But once you consider t he situation further, you’ll realise that this is indeed the case.
但是只要你进一步考虑一下，你就会认识到确实是这种情况。

case：情况；案件；箱子；相关的短语：
in that case：在那种情况下
in case：以免……
in case of：万一……
6. The data suggest that what successful language learners have in common is, among other things, that they are interested in understanding their own thinking, curious
about the world, willing to take chances and confident in their ability.
有数据明确，除了其他特点以外，成功的语言学习者都具有以下特点：有兴趣去认识自己的思想；对周围的世界具有好奇心；会主动抓住机遇；对自己的能力有信心。

among other things：除了其他特点以外
7. With greater control and a stronger sense of achievement, active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use.
由于具有较好的自控能力和较强的成就感，积极主动的学习者能更快的学习到新的技能。

acquire：〔技能；能力〕的获得，取得
Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
8. The less anxious and more relaxed the learner is, the better their language acquisition.
学习者越是不紧张，越能放松自己；语言习得的效果就越好。

The＋比拟级……the 比拟级……：越……就越……
9. If they were not, they would not be ready to experiment with new forms and to make mistakes, both of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.
如果不是这样，他们就可能不会准备去尝试新的形式，不准备去犯错误；而这两点恰巧对提高他们的学习能力是有好处的。

这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。

experiment with：尝试……
both of which …：非限定性定语从句……修饰前面的experiment with new forms and to make mistakes
contribute to：有助于……；对……做出贡献
10. Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch.
大多数交流学生说，他们觉得他们真的像主人家的成员一样，而且将会经常保持联系。

as if they were truly part of their host families：虚拟语气的表达。

stay in touch：保持联系
11. What is perhaps the most valuable is what you learn about yourself and your own culture.
也许最有价值的是你对你自己和自己的文化有了更多的了解。

12. While exchange students can learn many useful things, it is also possible that some of them may fall behind in their studies.
尽管交流学生能学到很多有用的东西，但是其中有些人也可能在学习上会落后。

While：虽然；尽管
13. It is important that you〔should〕find an appropriate course for you.
重要的是你应当找到适合于你的课程。

虚拟语气的句型：It is important / necessary / surprising /… that 主语＋should do / should be done ……should可以省略。

【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. I ______ in the heavy traffic, or I would have been here earlier.
A. stuck
B. had stuck
C. have been stuck
D. got
stuck
答案：D
分析：我遇到了交通堵塞。

get stuck in…：遇到，陷入……之中。

2. It is suggested a hard line _____ towards terrorists.
A. adopts
B. will be adopted
C. be adopted
D. is adopted
答案：C
分析：建议对恐怖分子采取强硬措施。

suggest后面的从句用：should do / should be done结构；should可以省略。

3. Planning so far ahead ______, for so many things will have been changed by the next year.
A. makes no sense
B. makes sense
C. makes sense of
D. make no sense of
答案：A
分析：这么早制定计划没有意义，明年将会有很多变化。

makes no sense：没有意义，道理。

4. The teacher asked us to ____ ourselves ____ a sharp pencil and an eraser for the exam.
A. prepare; to
B. equip; with
C. supply; for
D. provide; to
答案：B
分析：教师要求我们准备铅笔和橡皮准备考试。

be equipped with: 装备，具备
5. This job is open to all, ___ their previous experience.
A. apart from
B. as a consequence of
C. regardless of
D. in spite of
答案：C
分析：这项工作对所有人开放，而不管他以前的经验如何。

regardless of：且不管
6. It was ____ he said ____ disappointed me.
A. what; that
B. that; that
C. what; what
D. that; what
答案：A
分析：正是他说的话才让我感到失望。

强调句型：强调局部为what he said
7. Don’t play any longer. It’s high time you _____ down to work.
A. got
B. get
C. shall get
D. to got
答案：A
分析：你们该开始工作了。

句型：It’s high time that 主语+动词过去时
二. 翻译句子：
1. 爱因斯坦的理论在那个时期是如此的新以至于当时世界上大多数科学家对他的理论都不太理解。

答案：Einstein’s theory was so new at that time that most of the scientists hardly made sense of his theory.
2. 登山者为了适应当地的海拔高度整整休息了七天。

答案：The mountain climbers took seven days’ full rest to adjust th emselves
to the local altitude.
3. 他想说什么就说什么，毫不顾与别人的感受。

答案：He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feeling.
4. 上次作生意亏了十万，这次我再也不愿意冒险了。

答案：After losing 100,000 yuan on my last business venture, I’m unwilling to take any risks this time.
5. 要是飓风发生在夜间，死亡的人数将会更多。

答案：If the hurricane had happened during the night-time, there would have been many more deaths.
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择：
1. The bus driver has a good direction ___, so he is doing well.
A. idea
B. sense
C. thought
D. thinking
2. The thr ee sisters decided to hold a family party to ___ their parents’ silver wedding.
A. celebrate
B. memorize
C. congratulate
D. welcome.
3. —Do you think I should get a good guide book ?
—Yes, of course. _____, you also need a good camera and comfortable shoes.
A. What’s more
B. In other words
C. By the way
D. All in all
4. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice.
A. followed
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. should follow
5. ___ made the mother proud was ____ all of her children had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because
B. What; that
C. That; what
D. That; because
6. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard —_____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
7. —How about talking with others if I want to learn spoken English ?
—In my opinion, ___.
A. it makes sense
B. it’s out of question
C. it’s up to you
D. sooner or later
8. ____ you have got a precious chance, you might as well make full us of it.
A. In case
B. Now that
C. Even though
D. The moment
9. Her are two books on the desk, ____ are on computers.
A. both of that
B. all of which
C. both of which
D. non of which
10. Do you make any sense ___what the professor said ?
Oh, hid key point is that mastering English will contribute ___ your life in the future.
A. with; to
B. of; to
C. of; on
D. with; on
二. 完型填空：
The yearly Marathon in my town usually happened during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance __1__ any of them needed medical attention.
“We’re suppose to stay behind the __2__ runner, so take it slowly,〞 I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.
The front-runners started to __3__ and then my eyes were ___4__ to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.
We knew we were already watching our “last runner.〞 Her __5__ were so crippled 〔残疾的〕that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, __6__ alone run a marathon.
Doug and I __7__ in silence as she slowly moved forward. __8__, she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect ___9__ she pushed forward with great __10__ through the last miles.
When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the __11__ crowds had long gone home. __12__, standing straight and ever so proud __13__ a lone man. He was __14__ one end of a ribbon〔缎带〕of crepe paper〔皱纹纸〕___15__ to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering behind her.
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became part of my __16__ –
a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about __17__ the other runners or winning a prize, but about __18__ what she had set out to do, no matter __19__. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,〞 I think of the last runner. Then I realize how __20__ the task before me really is.
1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if
2. A. first B. best C. only D. last
3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear
4. A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught
5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body
6. A. let B. leave C. speak D. take
7. A. watched B. drove C. observed D. stared
8. A. Quickly B. Unluckily C. Naturally D. Finally
9. A. since B. before C. as D. until
10. A. pain B. determination C. strength D. desire
11. A. tired B. waiting C. cheering D. impatient
12. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Yet D. Fortunately
13. A. stood B. waited C. came D. had
14. A. helping B. catching C. holding D. tying
15. A. kept B. tied C. connected D. led
16. A. dream B. feeling C. idea D. life
17. A. following B. hoping C. encouraging D. beating
18. A. finishing B. realizing C. starting D. winning
19. A. where B. how C. when D. what
20. A. difficult B. interesting C. easy D. hopeful
三. 阅读理解：
Some people believe that international sport brings about good will between the nations and that if country play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the terrible incident with the number of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by those incidents caused mainly by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medal with great anger after the hockey 〔曲棍球〕final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser objecting to the final decision. They were certain that one of their goals should not have been dismissed and that the opposite side’s victory was unfair. Their manager was angry when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished.〞 The president of the society said later that such words could result in the pause of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give away first place to Russia, after a fighting end to their contest. The game had ended in quarrel. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another beat it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The judges discusses the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then decided not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honor or money rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that sportsmen should compete as individual〔个人〕, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages dangerous nationalism.
1. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ____.
A. brought about good will between the nations
B. made only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
2. What did the manager mean by saying, “ …Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished.〞 ?
A. His team would no longer take part in international games
B. Hockey and the society are both ruined by the unfair decision
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the society
D. The society should be dismissed
3. The author gave the two examples in paragraph 2 and 3 to show _____.
A. how false national pride leads to undesirable incidents in international games
B. that sportsmen have been more troublesome than they used to be
C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
4. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved
B. Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games
C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game
D. International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations
四. 短文改错：
When Joe left university, he got a good work in a bike factory. 1. ______
But after he had been worked there for some years, he decided 2. ______
to have change, so he put a notice in several newspapers, 3. ______
saying what experiences he had and the kind of job he would 4.
______
like to have. One of the answers he accepted was from a man 5.
______
was looking for a job, too. This man wrote to him, “Dear, sir, 6. ______
when you get a new job, be kind enough to give your name and 7. ______
address to your present boss as I have been trying to find 8. ______
a position like yours for a long time.〞 After he reads the letter,
9. ______
he suddenly realized that what he had done was real foolish.
10. _____
试题答案
一. 单项选择：
1. B汽车司机有良好的方向感。

2. A庆祝他们父母的银婚。

memorize ：记忆；congratulate：祝贺；welcome：欢迎
3. A而且，你还得需要一台好的照相机和一双舒适的运动鞋。

In other words：换句话说；By the way：顺便说一下；All in all：总之
4. C要是我当初采纳你的建议该多好啊。

If only….：要是……该多好！后面接虚拟语气的陈述句。

本句内容是与过去事实相反。

用过去完成时。

5. B是母亲值得自豪的是她的孩子们都考入了重点大学。

句子主语是What引导的主语从句；后面是that引导的表语从句。

6. C你在驾驶考试中的表现没有达到要求的标准，换句话说，你没通过。

7. A it makes sense：有道理；表示赞成上文说的想学口语需要和别人进展交谈。

8. B既然你得到了这样一个机会，你最好充分利用他。

Now that：既然。

9. C前半句最后点的是逗号，明确后半句是一个非限定性定语从句：两本书都是关于计算机的。

10. B make sense of：理解……；contribute to：有助于；对……作出贡献。

二. 完型填空：
1. B 我的工作是开着救护车跟在运动员后面以防他们有人需要救护。

In case:以免，以防。

2. D 从后面内容可以看出；救护车跟在最后一名运动员后面。

3. C 前面的运动员都消失了。

4. A 我的目光被吸引在〔最后〕以为妇女身上。

5. B 这为妇女几乎都不能走，所以她的腿有残疾。

6. A 更不用说跑马拉松了。

固定短语：Let alone: 更不用说了。

7. A 我们在默默地注视着她。

D项缺少介词at：stare at。

8. D 最后，她成为我视线中唯一一名运动员了。

9. C 她一边以坚决的意志向前“跑〞，我一边注视着她。

determination：意志坚决。

10. B
11. C 加油助威的人群早已经回家了。

Cheering: 喝彩，助威。

12. C 然而，这位残疾妇女的唯一支持者一直在终点线那自豪地“等着〞她。

13. B 本句是一个倒装句。

主语是a lone man。

谓语是waited。

standing straight and ever so proud是伴随状语。

14. C 他〔那个男的〕紧握着系在一根柱子上的缎带的另一端〔让这位女运动员撞线〕。

15. B
16. D 从那一天，那位女运动员成为激励我的人生的一局部。

17. D 这位妇女参赛的目的不是为击败其他运动员而获奖。

18. A 而是去完成她所开始的事情。

19. D 不管是什么事情，都要坚持下去。

20. C 我由此受到鼓舞，再难的事也变得容易了。

三. 阅读理解：
1. C 此题考察作者的观点。

从第一段第四行in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood。

可以看出：近几年的奥运会比赛几乎很少能支持体育比赛能促进国际间友情的观点。

2. B 注意此句在第二段中的背景：in recent years the Olympic Games have done
little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood。

败方教练认为裁判不公平，才发此牢骚。

3. C 在第四段首句对第二，三段中的两个事例作了总结：Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honor or money rather than for the love of the game。

仅仅为了荣誉或金钱而不是出于比赛中的友爱而过度竞争才常常导致这些不愉快的事件发生。

这种竞争不利于国际间的友谊。

4. A 此题考察对全文的总结。

根据最后一段最后一句可以得出结论：奥运会组织工作急需改良
四. 短文改错：
1. work→job
2. 去掉been
3. have后加a
4. experiences→experience
5. accepted→received
6. 去掉was
7. your→my 8. √
9. reads→read 10. real→really。