2022版高考英语一轮复习选修7Unit2Robots学案含解析新人教版

Unit 2 Robots
————[单元主题语境]———人与社会之科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，
信息安全(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)
话题：智能键盘词数：255 难度：★★★
As data and identity theft bees more and more mon，the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e­spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have e up with a low­cost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the puter it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，
with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to mercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic­like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科研报道。

来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。

28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys. B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.D．To cut the cost of e­space protection.
解析：推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”以及第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have e up with a low­cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。

注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与e up with是同义词，expensive与low ­cost是反义词，cut the cost与low­cost相呼应。

答案：D
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．puters are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析：推理判断题。

题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。

根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。

答案：C
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It'll be environment­friendly.B．It'll reach consumers soon.
C．It'll be made of plastics.D．It'll help speed up typing.
解析：细节理解题。

根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.(该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场)”，故选B项。

注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope 呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。

答案：B
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary.B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.D．A magazine.
解析：文章出处题。

根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have e up with a low­cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low­cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。

答案：D
一、语言能力
熟词生义/ 词类活用
1．get around 克服，解决
2．apply to 施加
3．access n．权利
4．make it to 赶上，成功到达
二、思维品质
1．阅读技巧——文章出处题
此类试题考查对文章体裁以及文章的出处进行合理判断的能力。

如第31题。

常见设问方式：
(1)This passage can be classified as .
(2)The text is most probably a .
(3)Where does the text probably e from?
(4)Where can you find this passage?
常见文章出处：①newspaper (报纸) ②advertisement(广告) ③instructions(说明书)
④website() ⑤magazine (杂志) ⑥report (报告)
⑦diary (日记) ⑧guide (导游手册)
2．分析长难句并翻译句子
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have e up with a low­cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.
[分析]这是一个复合句，第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导限制性定语从句，修饰device。

[翻译]来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已经想出了一种低成本的能解决这个问题的设备：智能键盘。

三、文化素养
思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为作为中学生，我们应如何为科技的发展做出自己的贡献？
我们要不断提高自身的思想道德修养，与同学互相帮助，尊师重道，团结友爱，积极参加学院和学校组织的各项活动，不断提高自身的社会知识，努力学习科学文化知识，重视专业知识与实践经验相结合。

授课提示：对应学生用书第203页
NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多
01核心单词…………………………………………
[先识记]
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．scan the street nervously紧X地扫视着街道
2．desire a college education渴望受到大学教育
3．pile a lot of logs堆起许多木头
4．acpany me on a trip陪我一同去旅行
5．part­time jobs兼职工作
6．be divorced from real life脱离现实生活
7．show affection by hugs用拥抱表达爱意
8．be bound to succeed一定会成功
9．an absurd opinion谬见
10．an overweight lorry一辆超重的卡车
11．express sympathy for him对他表示同情
12．a grand affair一个大事件
13．a very junior officer一名级别很低的官员
14．the teaching staff 全体教员
[再拓展]
请填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．To the satisfaction of the manager，his satisfying products could satisfy the needs of the customers.(satisfy)
2．I was very alarmed to hear the alarming news that the rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.(alarm)
3．My mother asked me to do her a favour and find her favourite book.(favour)
4．Last night，one panion of mine kept me pany to see a film and then he acpanied me to my home.(acpany)
5．It's declared that the both countries agree to stop the conflict.They must obey the declaration forever.(declare)
6．Tom had a deep affection for his grandpa，so he was deeply affected by his grandpa's death.(affect)
7．Everybody said Jane was a talented girl because she did well in all her subjects and had a talent for singing，dancing and drawing.(talent)
8．He put his hand over the receiver in order to receive the signal better.(receive)
02阅读单词…………………………………………
标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆
□elegant □necklace □counter □cuisine
□transfusion □framework □biography □household
□fiction □apron □bonus □digital
□scan
NO.2短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累
[必会短语]
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．or rather 更确切地说
2．in all 一共；总计
3．test out theories 检验理论
4．ring up your mother给你妈妈打
5．set aside two rooms 留出两间房
6．be bound to succeed一定会成功
7．reach for the remote control伸手拿遥控器
8．turn the car around 把车掉过头来
9．leave her alone 别打扰她
10．be in favour of the plan支持这项计划
[词汇积累] 1．凡事不可过度(over­)
①overweight adj.超重的
②overload vt.使超载
③overwork vt.& vi.(使)过度劳累
④overeat vi.吃得过饱
⑤overvalue vt.高估
⑥overuse vt.过度使用
⑦overconfident adj.过度自信的
⑧overdraw vt.透支
2．“易拼错”的形似单词一览
①affect v．影响→effect n．影响；作用
②fellow n．家伙→follow v．跟随
③willow n．垂柳→pillow n．枕头
④weep v．哭泣→peep v．窥视
⑤sheep n．绵羊→sheet n．床单；薄片
⑥mouth n．嘴巴→month n．月份3．“or”相关短语全接触
①or so 大约；上下
②or else 否则；要不然
③or rather 更确切地说
④either...or 要么……要么……
4．你会“打”吗？
①call sb.(up) 给某人打
②ring sb.(up) 给某人打
③call (sb.)back (给某人)回
④give sb.a call/ring 给某人打个
NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通
请根据提示完成下列句子
1．It＋be＋adj.＋that从句，it是形式主语
中国的风俗习惯确实不同于美国的风俗习惯。

It's true that Chinese customs are different from American customs.
2．表方位或时间的副词置于句首且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装
这是关于这部短剧的一些相关细节。

Here are some relevant details about the short play.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)
3．What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语！
多么难忘又有意义的一天呀！
What an unforgettable and meaningful day it was!
授课提示：对应学生用书第204页
1．desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要
[写作佳句] On hearing that，we were extremely excited and couldn't resist the desire to take part in it.(2019·高考卷)
听到这个消息，我们非常兴奋，忍不住想参与其中。

[归纳拓展] (1)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.迫切想要做某事/渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth.希望……做某事
[实战演练]
基础练透——单句语法填空
①She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
②The teacher desired the children to listen(listen)to him.
能力提升——句型转换
All the students in our class have a desire to go to a famous university.
→③All the students in our class desire to go to a famous university.(desire vt.) →④All the students in our class desire that they (should) go to a famous university.
[实战贴士] desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。

desire意为“希望”后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。

此外，desire作名词时其后所接主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。

2．favour n.喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱vt.喜爱；偏袒
[写作佳句] The race will not be so easy，but anything can happen，so I hope we can have some things in our favour.
比赛不会很容易，但是任何事情都有可能发生，所以我希望有些事情会对我们有利。

[归纳拓展] (1)ask sb.a favour ＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
do sb.a favour ＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
(2)in favour of同意；支持
in one's favour有利于某人
(3)favourable adj.赞同的；有利的
favourite adj.最喜爱的n．特别喜欢的人(或事物)
[实战演练]
基础练透——单句语法填空
①Then we voted for the monitor.The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong's favour.
②Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone，will you?
③When circumstances are favourable (favour)，we must not forget that there will still be difficulties.
能力提升——词汇升级
④I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the ing summer vacation and I also want you to help me.
→I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the ing summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favour.
3．acpany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
[写作佳句] Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website acpanied by the touching words.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ) Teresa将这次偶然会面的照片发到了一个社交上，并附上了感人的文字。

[归纳拓展] (1)acpany sb.陪伴某人
acpany sb.to sp.陪伴/陪同某人到某地
acpany sb.at/on sth.用某物为某人伴奏
(2)pany做伴；同伴；公司
keep sb.pany陪伴某人
in the pany of在……的陪同下
(3)panion n．同伴；伙伴
[实战演练]
基础练透——单句语法填空
①I don't think it's necessary for parents to acpany their children to college.
②While she was singing on the stage，her mother was acpanying her at/on the piano.
③Thunders acpanied (acpany) by heavy rain in this season are very mon.
能力提升——句型转换
④When children are acpanied by their parents，they are allowed to enter the stadium.
→Children，acpanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
[实战贴士] 汉语中的“陪伴某人做某事”用英语不能表达成“acpany sb.to do sth.”，而是表达成“to do sth.in the pany of sb.”。

4．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
[写作佳句] The chairman declared the ceremony open，and all of us present cheered.
主席宣布仪式开始，我们在场的所有人都欢呼雀跃。

[归纳拓展]declare for/against声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against向……宣战
declare...to be/as...宣布……为/是……
declare that...宣告；宣称……
[实战演练]
基础练透——单句语法填空
①The headmaster declared (declare) the meeting open at 8：00 this morning.
②In a word，his actions declared him to be (be) an honest man.
能力提升——一句多译
他宣布这是真的。

③He declared that it was true.(复合句)
④He declared it to be true.(简单句)
5．leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
[写作佳句] We tried to be friendly，but his refusal made us think he wanted to be left alone.
我们试图友善，但他的拒绝使我们认为他不想被打扰。

[归纳拓展] leave behind遗留；把……抛在后面；超过
leave aside搁置一边；不考虑
leave for...动身到……
leave out省略；遗漏
leave over留下；剩下
[实战演练]
基础练透——选词填空(leave ...alone/leave aside/leave behind)
①She's asked to be left alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere.
②The United Nations estimates that more than 900 million people move away for work，often leaving their children behind.
③I wonder why they left aside such an important question last time.
能力提升——完成句子
④Don't worry! We Chinese are friendly and you won't feel left out.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)
不要担心，我们中国人都很友好，你不会感到被冷落的。

6．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑
[写作佳句] I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for our English speech contest and be a judge.
我真诚地希望你能为我们的英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间来并担任评委。

[归纳拓展] set off动身；出发；引爆；引发
set up建立；引起
set down写下；放下
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about (doing sth.)着手(做某事)
[实战演练]
基础练透——一词多义
①There is a little time left.Let's set aside my personal feelings for now.暂时不考虑
②After the experiment，please set the chemicals and tools aside.将……放在一边
③I try to set aside a few minutes each day to help my mother do the housework.为……保留时间
能力提升——完成句子
④Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set out to prepare/set about preparing your business plan.
有了你收集到的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划。

⑤I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the music concert.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)
我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这个音乐会。

7．It＋be＋adj.＋that从句
[教材原句] It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
他(机器人)如此通人性，这让人心烦和害怕。

[归纳拓展] it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that 从句
(2)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
(3)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that从句
(4)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder...)＋that从句
[实战演练]
基础练透——补全句子
①It's obvious that (很显然) they are all putting up their hands voluntarily to answer questions.
②It's a pity/shame that (真感到遗憾) we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
③It is believed that(人们认为)it is the earliest and largest ancient paper­making workshop site ever found in China.
能力提升——一句多译
很明显，中国的老龄化人口会对未来的整个社会造成很大的压力。

④Obviously，the ageing population in China will cause heavy pressure on the whole society in the future.(副词作状语)
⑤It's quite obvious that the ageing population in China will cause heavy pressure on the whole society in the future.(it作形式主语)
授课提示：对应学生用书第206页
[教材与高考]
Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词
1．阅读词汇认知
①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)But like anyone for whom you feel affection，customers can also drive you mad.n.喜爱
②(2020·高考某某卷)I couldn't quite believe my luck—it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the oute could have been awful.adj.吓人的，可怕的
③(2020·高考某某卷)Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen­year­old girl.n.恩惠
2．一词多义
①(2019·高考某某卷)China's image is improving steadily，with more countries
recognizing its role in international affairs.B
A．事情B．事务
C．暧昧关系
②(2019·高考某某卷)Even more worryingly，the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international munity to worry about the “digital divide”between the rich countries and the poor countries.B
A．数码的B．数字的
C．手指的
Ⅱ.语言运用高频点
1．语法填空
①(2020·高考某某卷)I've heard that you are a talented (talent) young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
②(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)About two hours later, with our baskets full, we went out, wearing tired but satisfied (satisfy) expressions.
③(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.
④(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)It is at 9 a．m. that the music festival will be declared (declare) open.
⑤(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Publishers already in business，people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire to change (change) the tradition.
2．完形填空
①(2019·高考某某卷)I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I 32 tend to act.
A．encounterB．follow
C．consultD．acpany
解析：作者说自己遇到的这些人与前面提到的那些人不一样。

encounter“遇到”；follow“跟随”；consult“咨询”；acpany“陪伴”。

答案：A
②(全国卷Ⅰ)In the store，I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend”there would appreciate.They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17­year­old suggested giving him a gift card.I thought about it.We were low on cash ourselves，but ...well，sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance (充裕) is just what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.
A．declaredB．shared
C．ignoredD．expected
解析：根据语境可知，孩子们都给那个人选了礼物，所以他们宣布(declare)这周他们会放弃某些东西。

“they could do away with for the week”是定语从句，修饰something，do away with为固定搭配，意为“摆脱，舍弃”。

答案：A
Ⅲ.书面表达亮点练
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)农场里来了一些学生，他们帮忙摘水果。

(地点状语放在句首) On the farm arrived some students，who helped pick fruits.
2．(2019·高考某某卷)很明显，他们是来学习中国文化的。

(it作形式主语)
It is very clear that they e to learn about Chinese culture.
3．(2018·高考某某卷)得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。

(talent，desire)
Learning you have shown great talent in designing robots，I desire to invite you to join.
[素养与落实]
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报社的Science栏目向中学生征文，主题为“未来家用机器人”。

请你展开合理想象，用英语写一篇文章投稿。

Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①尽管很难预测将来的家用机器人是什么样子，但我想描述一下他们是多么令人惊异。

Though it is difficult to predict what future household robots might be like，I'd like to describe how amazing they are.
②你会吃惊地发现他们更像人而不是机器。

You will be alarmed to find that they will be more like humans than machines.
③有它们的帮助，你就可以摆脱所有家务事，比如洗衣，做饭和打扫。

With their help，you will be free of all household chores，such as，washing，cooking and cleaning.
④它们配备有智能计算机大脑，能帮你留出时间进行户外锻炼。

Equipped with an intelligent puter brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise.
⑤当老人由这样的家用机器人在家陪伴时，也许老人就不会觉得孤单。

When they are acpanied by such household robots at home，the elderly may not feel lonely.
⑥你一定会渴望得到这样神奇的家用机器人。

You are bound to have a desire for such wonderful household robots.
Step 2升级平淡句
利用省略句式升级句⑤
When acpanied by such household robots at home，the elderly may not feel lonely.。