2019届上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题（解析版）

2019届上海市奉贤区⾼三⼆模英语试题（解析版）
2019届上海市奉贤区⾼三⼆模
英语试题
考⽣注意
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(⾮选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答题纸反⾯清楚地填写姓名。

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. At an airport.
B. In an office.
C. At a police station.
D. Ata travel agency. 【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: Thanks for meeting me. Mr. Hawker.
M: Nice to see you. Do we need to stop at the baggage claim area?
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

2.
A. Down jackets are now on sale.
B. She can’t wait for th e winter to arrive.
C. It’s hard to know how severe the winter will be.
D. She needs a warm jacket.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: The forecast says there will be a severe winter. Are you prepared?
W: Hardly. I’m waiting for the next sale to get a down jacket.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

A. Learning to drive.
B. Buying the insurance.
C. Buying a car.
D. Taking a plane.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Take a seat inside and see how you feel. So will you take the Porsche then, sir?
M: Let me check first. The engine, wheel and the rear mirror. Yes, and I want to buy the insurance, too.
Q: What is the man probably doing?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

4.
A. Eric won’t eat vegetable without meat.
B. Eric likes both vegetable and meat.
C. Some meat will solve Eric’s problem.
D. Eric is short of vegetable.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: Eric’s problem is that he doesn’t cat enough vegetable.
W: Yeah, he refuses to eat vegetable unless there is some meat.
O: What does the woman mean?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

5.
A. He is invasive.
B. He is heroic.
C. He is life-threatening.
D. He is awkward.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Victor is really something, He nearly got killed when he tried to rescue a drowning boy yesterday.
W: Well, so far as I know, that was not the first dangerous situation he was in for others. Q: What kind of person is Victor according to the conversation?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

A. Reviews of the comedy are negative.
B. The reaction to the comedy is varied.
C. The review of the newspaper is one-sided.
D. Media are prejudiced against the comedy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: I hear that the newspaper gave that comedy a terrible review.
W: It depends on which newspaper you read.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

7.
A. Deliver the package in person.
B. Pick up the package at the post office.
C. Ask to have the package delivered to his home.
D. Find out the opening hours of the post office.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: I wish I didn’t have to make a special trip to the post office to get my package.
W: Well, if you call them in the morning, they’ll give the package to your mail carrier to bring out to you. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

8.
A. It hasn’t been graded.
B. It received a low grade.
C. The committee is discussing it.
D. The woman hasn’t handed it in.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: Professor, have you graded my term paper yet?
M: To tell you the truth, I’ve been tied up in committee meetings all week.
Q: What can be learned about the woman’s paper?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

9.
A. He has been to Seattle many times.
B. He has chaired a lot of conferences.
C. He holds a high position in his company.
D. He lived in Seattle for many years.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: David said that Seattle is a great place for conferences.
M: He certainly has the authority to make that comment. He’s been there so often.
O: What does the man say about David?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

10.
A. It is too late for the man to go to the theatre.
B. People have already been standing in line for two hours.
C. The man must wait for two hours to buy the ticket.
D. The man can buy a special ticket before the drama starts.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: Do you have a seat for the drama tomorrow?
W: No more ordinary seats, but we will sell tickets reserved for honored guests two hours before the performance.
Q: What can we know from the conversation?
【详解】此题为听⼒题，解析略。

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but
the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions are based on the following passage
11.
A. They are gardeners.
B. They sell vegetables.
C. They run a guesthouse.
D. They are scientists.
12.
A. Five hours.
B. Eight hours.
C. Twelve hours.
D. Fourteen hours.
13.
A. They have deeper roots.
B. They don’t need sunshine.
C. They have wider leaves.
D. They have bigger Flowers.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C
【解析】
Hello, everyone. Welcome back to the program. We all know plants need sunshine to grow. But actually. not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife own a guesthouse in Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh vegetables from their garden. For almost ten years, the Hoffmans have been experimenting with shade plantings. Curious visitors often ask how they do it. Here is the answer: they grow tomatoes near the trees that produce a lot of shade. Tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially morning sun. This goes against the traditional advice that tomatoes need eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun. In fact, plants and tree roots can share something in common. Besides tomatoes, the Hoffimans grow Irish potatoes. Plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. The potatoes grow better in the shade than in full sun.
Questions:
What do the Hoffmans do for a living?
How much direct sunshine do tomato plants actually need every day?
Why do Irish potatoes grow better in shade?
【11题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【12题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【13题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage
14.
A. It is produced in small quantities.
B. It is sold at a lower price.
C. It is served mainly in McDonald’s.
D. It is grown from cows alone.
15.
A. The land and the water system have been polluted seriously.
B. Not enough meat has been produced to meet people’s needs.
C. Much land has been used up for animals and their food.
D. It has consumed fewer and fewer natural resources.
16.
A. Steaks and hamburgers.
B. Animal nights.
C. The food crisis in the future.
D. Lab-grown meat.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. D
【解析】
According to scientists in the Netherlands, the steaks and hamburgers of the future could be made not from the flesh of cows but from artificial meat created in a laboratory
Dr. Mark Post from the University of Maastricht has already grown a small strip of artificial beef. about the size of a sticking plaster, using cells from a cow, and expects to have a whole artificial hamburger ready to eat in October. By then, so much time and money will have gone into the project that the burger would cost rather more than you’ d expect to pay in your local McDonald’s at least $300000 in fact.
The scientists hope it will eventually be possible to produce artificial meat in huge quantities, and much more cheaply, from the cells of only a small number of animals. If they are successful.
a single cow could theoretically produce a million times beef than it does at present.
The environmental benefits could be enormous. Worldwide meat production uses up a huge amount
of land (not just for farm animals to live on but also to produce the food they eat), and by 2050. when the global population might have risen to nine billion, it will probably be impossible for people to eat as much meat on average as we do now-unless, that is, a way is found to produce it using far fewer natural resources..
Lab-grown meat is also an attractive prospect for anyone interested in animal rights, offering the possibility of a world in which fewer animals are raised for slaughter.
Questions:
According to the passage, what do the scientists hope to achieve about artificial meat? According to the passage, what is the result of the present worldwide meat production?
What does the passage mainly talk about?
【14题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【15题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【16题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage
17.
A. He is an Englishman living in Sweden.
B. He prefers hot weather to cold weather.
C. He visits London nearly every winter.
D. He likes Sweden better than England.
18.
A. The long night.
B. The bad weather.
C. The gloomy winter.
D. The cold houses.
19.
A. Delightful.
B. Refreshing.
C. Painful.
D. Frustrating.
20.
A. They work hard and play hard.
B. They often stay up late reading.
C. They like to go camping in summer.
D. They try to earn more and spend more.
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. D 20. A
【解析】
M: When I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.
W: The seasons?
M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?
W: So what is it like?
M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter. Sometimes it is as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warn. But in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home. Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in a good winter.
W: And what about the darkness?
M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really look forward to the spring. It is sometimes a bit depressing. But, you see. the summers are amazing. Form May to July in the North of Sweden, the sun never sets It’s still light at midnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.
W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun. M: Yeah,that’s night, but it’s wonderful. You wanna stay up all night. And the Swedes make the most of it. They often start work earlier in summer and then leave at 2:00 or 3: 00 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings. They’d like to work hard, but play hard too. I think Londone rs work longer hours, but I’m not sure whether this is a good thing.
Questions:
What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?
How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Swede?
What does the man say about the Swedish people?
【17题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【18题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【19题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

【20题详解】
此题为听⼒题，解析略。

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How to Make the Most of Your Lunch Hour
Should you grab a bite at your desk or eat with your colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.
Lunch hours ____21____ (get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees ____22____ (ask) to accomplish more in a day many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.
But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?
The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, the found those who ate lunch together showed a decline
____23____ their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, ____24____ the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant. What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control-was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant
environment ____25____ other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?
____26____ factor was responsible, the group that took: a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal aside the office with a friend appears to have a
____27____ (calm) effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which
____28____ be an important feature of some work tasks.
But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out ____29____ since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position
____30____ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches. 【答案】21. are getting 22. asked 23. in
24. while 25. where
26. Whichever/Whatever
27. calming
28. can/may
29. that 30. to think
【解析】
本⽂属于说明⽂，介绍单独吃午餐和与其他⼈共进午餐对于上班的⼈来说影响不同，单独午餐维持⼀个⼈的智⼒⽔平，⽽共进午餐则能增加社会和谐和团队精神。

【21题详解】
考查现在进⾏时。

句意：如今午餐时间越来越短，甚⾄在⼀些地⽅没有了午餐时间。

分析句⼦可知，本句描述当今的午餐时间正在缩短，以及本句and even disappearing可知，⽤现在进⾏时，故⽤are getting。

【22题详解】
考查⾮谓语动词。

句意：员⼯更少就要求在⼀天的时间完成更多的事情，美国⼈已经没有把午餐当作休息，⽽是另⼀项任务，努⼒塞⼊本已占满的时间表⾥。

本句为with的复合结构，ask与其逻辑主语employee 为动宾关系，故⽤过去分词asked。

【23题详解】
考查介词。

句意：研究发现，那些在⼀起吃午餐的调查对象，在测量专注度、记忆等⽅⾯的测试分数在下降。

分析句⼦可知，本句描述在专注度以及记忆⽅⾯的下降，故⽤in。

【24题详解】
考查状语从句。

句意：独⾃吃午餐的给了20分钟，⽽在餐厅成对吃午饭的给了⼀个⼩时。

根据⽂章可知，本句讲述对⽐试验的具体细则，表⽰对⽐，故⽤while。

【25题详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：有很多变量决定了对认知控制的影响，⽐如陪伴，餐厅是否还有其他的⾷客，有没有放⾳乐，服务员在不在⼀旁，还是吃饭时间更长。

分析句⼦可知，other diners were present为定语从句修饰先⾏词environment，从句缺乏地点状语，故⽤关系副词where。

【26题详解】
考查状语从句。

句意：⽆论是什么因素在起作⽤，研究团队发现，从餐厅吃饭回来的⼈更放松。

分析前后句，研究⼈员没有发现具体的原因，但是观察到⼀个现象，故⽤Whatever或者Whichever。

【27题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：与朋友在办公室旁边的餐厅吃饭好像有镇定作⽤，尽管降低智⼒技能，但是促进了社交和谐和团队精神，这⼀精神可能是⼀些⼯作任务重要的特点。

分析句⼦可知，修饰名词⽤形容词，故⽤calming。

【28题详解】
考查情态动词。

句意：与朋友在办公室旁边的餐厅吃饭好像有镇定作⽤，尽管降低智⼒技能，但是促进了社交和谐和团队精神，这⼀精神可能是⼀些⼯作任务重要的特点。

分析句⼦可知，有些⼯作任务可能需要团队精神，表⽰推测，故⽤can或者may。

【29题详解】
考查主语从句。

句意：结果是，既然在吃完午饭之后可以维持其智⼒⽔平，他们可能在需要创造性思维的⼯作⽅⾯占优势。

分析句⼦可知，本句为it turns out，it作形式主语，从句是真正的主语，从句完整，故⽤引导词that。

【30题详解】
考查⾮谓语动词。

句意：结果是，既然在吃完午饭之后可以维持其智⼒⽔平，他们可能在需要创造性思维的⼯作⽅⾯占优势。

分析句⼦可知，think作position的后置定语，故⽤不定式，to think。

Section B
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word’ chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Genes That Make You Smarter
The contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold
that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy (遗产) we are born with and may have
____31____ for education.
“People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,” says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite ____32____ and goes in the other direction.”
Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are ____33____ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, ____34____ a total of 11000 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetics etc. to measure a quantity called “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twin (异卵双⽣) sharing about half their genes, making it possible to ____35____ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.
Plomin’s team calculated in childhood, genes account for about 4l percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent.
No one ____36____ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handling their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “kids with high G will use their environmen t to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded, Children with ____37____ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.”
Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? P erhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability (遗传可能性) doesn’t mean that there is nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher ____38____ training.”
Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being ____39____ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says.
Intel ligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to ____40____ ads towards things drawing out their natural talents.
【答案】31. K 32. H
33. G 34. A
35. B 36. I
37. E 38. F
39. D 40. J
【解析】
本⽂属于科普⽂，介绍研究发现，年龄越⼤，基因对我们的影响就越⼤，这是与之前的观点相违背的。

【31题详解】
考查名词。

句意：这跟⼤多数的观点相违背，他们认为年龄增长，环境的影响会逐渐超过我们基因的影响，这可能对教育有启发意义。

分析⽂章可知，本句讲述新的发现观点以及对教育的意义，故选K。

【32题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：我们的发现让⼈⾮常惊讶，朝着另⼀个⽅向前进的。

根据⽂章可知，新的发现与⼈们固有的认知是相违背的，故选H。

【33题详解】
考查副词。

句意：之前的研究发现，智⼒的不同部分原因是由于基因。

修饰due to⽤副词，故⽤partly，故选G。

【34题详解】
考查介词。

句意：Plomin的团队收集了来⾃四个国家六份单独的研究数据，其中包括1100对双胞胎。

分析句⼦可知，本句讲述结论的数据来源，故选A。

【35题详解】
考查动词。

句意：每份研究包括同卵双⽣双胞胎，具有相同的基因，以及异卵双⽣的双胞胎，他们只有⼀半的基因相同，这样让区分基因和环境对G分数的影响成为可能。

本句主要描述包含真正的双胞胎以及异卵双⽣的双胞胎的⽬的在区分不同因素对G 的影响，故选B。

【36题详解】
考查副词。

句意：没⼈确切知道为什么基因会随着年龄的增长⽽影响加⼤。

修饰动词⽤副词，结合语境，故⽤definitely，故选I。

【37题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：G分数中等或者低的孩⼦可能选择挑战性更⼩的消遣和活动，进⼀步强调基因的作⽤。

本句描述G中等和分数低的孩⼦的表现,故选E。

【38题详解】
考查名词。

句意：从我们的研究来说，开始IQ分数不⾼的⼈接受了更⾼的成果训练。

修饰training⽤名词作定语，故选F。

【39题详解】
考查动词。

句意：基因的影响可能会更加明确，如果孩⼦们接受的都是同样的课程，⽽不是根据他们的天
性安排课程。

根据本句identical curriculum instead of可知，很多孩⼦接受的专门定制的教育，故选D。

【40题详解】
考查动词。

句意：这显⽰了教育者需要把⼴告投⼊到可以发挥他们天赋的东西上⾯。

本句描述要调整⾃⼰的内容和重点，故选J。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ____41____ to post the results of their own labours online.
Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to ____42____ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects-but these remain the ____43____. not the rule. Historically, scientists have ____44____ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work, until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data, and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
But the ____45____ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ____46____. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to. “
____47____ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products ____48____ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引⽤) them.
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ____49____ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits including more connections with colleagues, improved
_____50_____ and increased citations. The
most successful sharers- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-get noticed, and their work gets used. _____51_____. one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been _____52_____ 5700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. “I’d much prefer to have my date used by the _____53_____ number of people
to as their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be
_____54_____.”
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding _____55_____ later on.
41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous
42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying
43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon
44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to
45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences
46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public
47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build
48. A. secret B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly
49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic
50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence
51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all
52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed
53. A. moderate B. Maximum C. average D. estimate
54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable
55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflict
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. B
【解析】
本⽂属于说明⽂，介绍公开发布⾃⼰的研究数据和成果正变得越来越流⾏，这不仅对外界有好处，也对作
者本⼈也有好处。

【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：尽管很多研究⼈员都同意，开放原始数据会促进科技的发展，⼤多数⼈还是不情愿把⾃⼰的劳动成果放在⽹上。

A. restricted限制的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. desperate绝望的；D. generous慷慨的。

根据前⼀句可知，尽管⼤家都同意，还是⾃⼰还是不愿意做，故选B。

【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：天⽂学家习惯使⽤the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,拍摄的银河系和星星的图像，这是⼀个可以观测多达5亿的物体的望远镜，但是这些都是例外，不是规定要求这么做的。

A. accessing 接近，使⽤；B. processing处理；C. analyzing分析；D. identifying确认。

分析句⼦可知，本句讲述天⽂学家可以直接使⽤这个望远镜观测的图像，故选A。

【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：天⽂学家习惯使⽤the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,拍摄的银河系和星星的图像，这是⼀个可以观测多达5亿的物体的望远镜，但是这些都是例外，不是规定要求这么做的。

A. assumption 假设；B. mystery谜；C. exception例外；D. phenomenon现象。

根据本句not the rule可知，这些情况都是例外，故选C。

【44题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。

句意：从历史上来看，科学家反对分享有很多原因。

A. longed for渴望；B. appealed to呼吁，吸引； C. focused on关注；D. objected to反对。

根据后⽂可知，例举了很多反对分享的原因，故选D。

【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：但是这些障碍正在消失因为杂志和资助机构都在⿎励科学家公开他们的数据。

A. symptoms症状；
B. barriers障碍；
C. advantages优势；
D. consequences结果。

根据后⽂可知，⿎励科学家公开数据，故障碍在消失，故选B。

【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：但是这些障碍正在消失因为杂志和资助机构都在⿎励科学家公开他们的数据。

A. controllable可控制的；
B. unique唯⼀的；
C. reliable可靠的；
D. public公开的。

根据⽂章可知，公开⾃⼰的数据，故选D。

【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：去年，英国皇家学会在⼀份报告⾥说到，科学家们需要转变研究⽂化理念，那就是数据被视为私⼈保存。

A. shift away from转变；B. end up with结束；C. give rise to引起；D. build修建。

根据⽂章可知，研究的⽂化在发⽣改变，故选A。

【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：为了满⾜⽇益增长的需求，这种服务正在快速兴起，让出版数字版的研究成果变得更容易，也更容易让其他研究⼈员发现并引⽤这些研究。

A. secret秘密的；B. digitally数字地；
C. ethically道德地；
D. fairly相当。

根据⽂章可知，越来愈多的研究成果以数字版本出版，故选B。

【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：尽管呼吁分享数据主要集中于分享的道德优点。

A. material材料；B. individual个⼈；C. moral 道德的；D. economic经济的。

根据⽂章可知，本句主要讲述呼吁公开研究数据的道德原因，故选C。

【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：分享的研究⼈员会有很多个⼈好处，包括与同事的联系，提升知名度和引⽤率。

A. visibility可见度；
B. awareness意识；
C. condition条件；
D. confidence信⼼。

分享⽂章可知，本句讲述公开数据对个⼈的好处，故选A。

【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。

句意：例如，放在多学科知识库Dryad 最流⾏的数据之⼀就是关于全球的树⽊密度。

A. On the contrary相反；
B. As a result因此；
C. For example⽐如；
D. After all毕竟。

根据后⽂可知，本句是前⼀句的举例说明，故选C。

【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：已经被下载超过5700次。

A. downloaded下载；B. updated更新；C. optimized 优化；D. addressed做演讲。

根据⽂章可知，本句讲述最流⾏的数据下载次数，故选A.
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我更希望我的数据能够被尽可能多的⼈使⽤，来解决他们的问题。

A. moderate 温和的；B. maximum最⼤的；C. average平均的；D. estimate估计。

根据⽂章可知，作者希望⾃⼰的数据能够帮助更多的⼈，故选B。

【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：发布你的数据和代码可以让别⼈重复你的科学研究。

A. reversible 可逆的；B. profitable可盈利的；C. reproducible可复制的；D. recognizable可认出的。

公开数据和研究结果对作者的意义，故选C。

【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：通过努⼒组织和对⽂件打标签，以便别⼈能够理解他们，科学家可以更有组织性，更⾃律，因此避免之后的混乱。

A crisis危机；B. confusion混淆；C. risk风险；D. conflict冲突。

根据本句可知，公布⾃⼰的研究数据可以让作者本⼈更有帮助，故选B。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the at fits best according to the information given in have just read
A
It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a humble house in Detroit. We watched TV every night.
But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
We complained about how unfair was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her car on their way to Detroit Public Library, depressed and restle ss I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the expe rience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet refuge from my other world.
Now my older brother is an engineer and I am a doctor. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position,。