汉译英常见错误例析
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误：Her face is as round as a child.
正：Her face is as round as a child’s (face).
10.2 语法型错误
语法规律和句型是汉译英必备的基本要素。 汉译英中所谓的大错，多半是指语法错误 （上节谈的逻辑性错误实际上也是语法错 误，只不过是从思维逻辑的角度归了一类 而已）。常见的有：名词单复数变化错误； 冠词、介词错用漏用；比较级、最高级错 用或不一致；主谓关系不一致；主从关系 混乱；非谓语动词以及虚拟语气表达错误 等等，如：
例1．他本来想要多给你一点帮助的，只是 他太忙了。
误：He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
正：He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
正：He formed the habit of reading a great deal, thus storing his mind with much valuable information.
说明：thus storing….是现在分词语，在句 中作结果状语，所以不能把它视为单独的 句子。
正：The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.
B. 不定式的逻辑主语问题
虽然不定式没有语法上的主语， 但有逻辑主语。不定的
逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。不 定式的语态与逻辑主语有关。逻辑 主语是行为的执行者，要用主动不 定式；若逻辑主语是行为的承受者， 要用被动不定式，如：
例5。有空就到我们家来聊天吧。
误：If you are free, please come to our family to have a talk. 正：Drop in on us for a chat at any odd moment.
例6．我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。 误：Our cause has won victories one after
正：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.
例4．听到这消息，他满眼是泪。 误: Hearing the news, his
eyes were filled with tears. 正：When he heard the news,
误：Warmly welcome all guests of honor at home and abroad to attend to this symposium!
正：Warm welcome to all honored guests both at home and abroad to attend the Trade Talks!
例3．这本书需要翻译成英语。 误：The book is required to put
into English. 正：The book is required to be
put into English.
例4．他挨了批评真是遗憾。
误：It is a pity for him to have criticized.
another. 正：We have won one victory after
another for our cause. 或译为被动语态：
A series of victories have been won for our cause.
说明：句中cause是没有生命的， 而win victories的主语一般是人， 二者用在一起，就把cause拟人化 了，而这种修饰方法在英文中被视 为毛病。原文虽在语法上没有错误， 但却不符合英语习惯用法，不是地 道的英语。
例3．未接到邀请他就参加了晚 会。
误：He attended the party without inviting.
正：He attended the party without being invited.
C. 不合乎逻辑的比较
不合乎逻辑的比较指在译成英 语的句子中形成了非等同物之 间的比较。如：
正：It is a pity for him to be criticized.
说明：在例3、例4中，不定式的逻 辑主语是行为的承受者，故要改用 被动不定式。
A. 分词的逻辑主语问题
分词的逻辑主语必须与句中的 主语相一致,否则 便成为垂悬 分词,属于语病。如：
例1．看着he climate here is like
Beijing.
正：The climate here is like that of Beijing.
说明：若不加 that , 就变成了 climate和 Beijing比较。
例3．她的脸圆圆的，跟孩子的 一样。
在用英语表达汉语原文的意思时， 时间的先与后，执行者与承受者之 间的关系，非谓语动词的逻辑主语 与主句的主语，比较句的排除与包 括，代替词和名词的性与数的一致 等等都存在着一个逻辑问题。许多 汉译英的错误都属于逻辑性错误。
A．时间的先与后不合乎逻辑， 例如：
例1．对不起，我没有看见你。 误：Sorry I don’t see you. 正：Sorry I didn’t see you.
例2．我不知道你在这儿。 误：I don’t know you are here. 正：I didn’t know you are here.
例3. 从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。 误：The book which was
borrowed from the library had been found.
例3．我们改革开放的步子要迈得 更大一些。
误：Our steps of economic reform and open policy should be bigger.
正：Take a broader approach to economic reform and opening up.
例4．热烈欢迎国内外嘉宾参加贸易洽 谈会。
例1．为了在科研中取得成功，需要坚 持不懈。
误： To succeed in a scientific research, persistence is needed.
正：To succeed in a scientific research, one needs to be persistent.
说明：根据原文的含义，前半句应译为虚 拟语气，后半句译为一般陈述句。
例2．许多人不但不植树，反而砍 树。
误：Many people not only don’t plant trees but also cut trees.
正：Many people don’t plant trees, instead, they cut trees.
说明：误译，用错连词，使句子意 思面目全非。
例3．他养成了大量阅读的习惯，因而在头 脑储存了很多有价值的信息。
误：He formed the habit of reading a great deal. Thus storing his mind with much valuable information.
例4．他们屡战屡败。
误：They fought again and again and they are repeatedly defeated.
正：They are repeatedly defeated although they fought again and again.
说明：原句的重点在“败”，“屡战 屡败”之间是让步关系，故用although 连接构成主从句。
误：Looking out of the window, thoughts of his childhood came to him.
正：Looking out of the window, he thought of his childhood.
例2．老虎在笼子里，因而我不 怕。
误：Being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.
例1．你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。 误：The girls in your class are more
active than our class.
正：The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.
说明：若不加those, 就变成了 girls和 our class比较。
例2．不要搞一刀切。
误: Do not cut off at one stroke.
正: Do not impose uniformity in all cases.
例2 原文是带有汉语特色的比喻说 法，意为“不可不顾实际情况，用 一切方法处理问题”。翻译时不可 拘泥于原文字句，“对号如座”。
四、汉译英基础翻译 要点
第十章 汉译英常见错误例析
造成汉译英常见错误的原因错综复 杂，但究其原因主要有两个：一是 运用英语知识的实践能力差，尽管 道理和规则记得很熟，但由于练习 较少，动笔时容易出错；二是受汉 语的影响，常见的错误往往是用英 语套用汉语的表达方式、习惯说法 和思维模式等。
10.1 生搬硬套型错误
说明：原译中不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 一致，改译后句子用主动语态，增补one做主语
例2. 要做出决定，你应该考虑各 种因素。
误：To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.
正：To make a decision, you should take everything into consideration.
his eyes were filled with tears.
B. 动名词的逻辑主语问题
动名词的逻辑主语若与句中的 主语不一致，也属于语病。如
例1．在挤公共车时，我的钱包丢 了。
误：On squeezing on to the bus, my wallet was lost.
正：On squeezing on to the bus, I lost my wallet.
这类错误就是把汉语的表达 意思逐词照搬地直译成英语。
例1．欢迎你参加英语角活动。 误：Welcome you to join our
English corner activities！ 正：You are welcome to join
our English Corner!
(or: Welcome to join our English Corner!)
正：The tiger being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.
例3．从山顶上看下去，这座城市 就像个漂亮的花园。
误：Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.
例2．他大学毕业后，他父亲想让他去 美国继续深造。
误：After graduating from college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America.
正：After he graduated from college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America.
例5．他们刚要走过街角就听到了枪声。 误：They were just turning the corner,
正：Her face is as round as a child’s (face).
10.2 语法型错误
语法规律和句型是汉译英必备的基本要素。 汉译英中所谓的大错，多半是指语法错误 （上节谈的逻辑性错误实际上也是语法错 误，只不过是从思维逻辑的角度归了一类 而已）。常见的有：名词单复数变化错误； 冠词、介词错用漏用；比较级、最高级错 用或不一致；主谓关系不一致；主从关系 混乱；非谓语动词以及虚拟语气表达错误 等等，如：
例1．他本来想要多给你一点帮助的，只是 他太忙了。
误：He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
正：He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
正：He formed the habit of reading a great deal, thus storing his mind with much valuable information.
说明：thus storing….是现在分词语，在句 中作结果状语，所以不能把它视为单独的 句子。
正：The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.
B. 不定式的逻辑主语问题
虽然不定式没有语法上的主语， 但有逻辑主语。不定的
逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。不 定式的语态与逻辑主语有关。逻辑 主语是行为的执行者，要用主动不 定式；若逻辑主语是行为的承受者， 要用被动不定式，如：
例5。有空就到我们家来聊天吧。
误：If you are free, please come to our family to have a talk. 正：Drop in on us for a chat at any odd moment.
例6．我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。 误：Our cause has won victories one after
正：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.
例4．听到这消息，他满眼是泪。 误: Hearing the news, his
eyes were filled with tears. 正：When he heard the news,
误：Warmly welcome all guests of honor at home and abroad to attend to this symposium!
正：Warm welcome to all honored guests both at home and abroad to attend the Trade Talks!
例3．这本书需要翻译成英语。 误：The book is required to put
into English. 正：The book is required to be
put into English.
例4．他挨了批评真是遗憾。
误：It is a pity for him to have criticized.
another. 正：We have won one victory after
another for our cause. 或译为被动语态：
A series of victories have been won for our cause.
说明：句中cause是没有生命的， 而win victories的主语一般是人， 二者用在一起，就把cause拟人化 了，而这种修饰方法在英文中被视 为毛病。原文虽在语法上没有错误， 但却不符合英语习惯用法，不是地 道的英语。
例3．未接到邀请他就参加了晚 会。
误：He attended the party without inviting.
正：He attended the party without being invited.
C. 不合乎逻辑的比较
不合乎逻辑的比较指在译成英 语的句子中形成了非等同物之 间的比较。如：
正：It is a pity for him to be criticized.
说明：在例3、例4中，不定式的逻 辑主语是行为的承受者，故要改用 被动不定式。
A. 分词的逻辑主语问题
分词的逻辑主语必须与句中的 主语相一致,否则 便成为垂悬 分词,属于语病。如：
例1．看着he climate here is like
Beijing.
正：The climate here is like that of Beijing.
说明：若不加 that , 就变成了 climate和 Beijing比较。
例3．她的脸圆圆的，跟孩子的 一样。
在用英语表达汉语原文的意思时， 时间的先与后，执行者与承受者之 间的关系，非谓语动词的逻辑主语 与主句的主语，比较句的排除与包 括，代替词和名词的性与数的一致 等等都存在着一个逻辑问题。许多 汉译英的错误都属于逻辑性错误。
A．时间的先与后不合乎逻辑， 例如：
例1．对不起，我没有看见你。 误：Sorry I don’t see you. 正：Sorry I didn’t see you.
例2．我不知道你在这儿。 误：I don’t know you are here. 正：I didn’t know you are here.
例3. 从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。 误：The book which was
borrowed from the library had been found.
例3．我们改革开放的步子要迈得 更大一些。
误：Our steps of economic reform and open policy should be bigger.
正：Take a broader approach to economic reform and opening up.
例4．热烈欢迎国内外嘉宾参加贸易洽 谈会。
例1．为了在科研中取得成功，需要坚 持不懈。
误： To succeed in a scientific research, persistence is needed.
正：To succeed in a scientific research, one needs to be persistent.
说明：根据原文的含义，前半句应译为虚 拟语气，后半句译为一般陈述句。
例2．许多人不但不植树，反而砍 树。
误：Many people not only don’t plant trees but also cut trees.
正：Many people don’t plant trees, instead, they cut trees.
说明：误译，用错连词，使句子意 思面目全非。
例3．他养成了大量阅读的习惯，因而在头 脑储存了很多有价值的信息。
误：He formed the habit of reading a great deal. Thus storing his mind with much valuable information.
例4．他们屡战屡败。
误：They fought again and again and they are repeatedly defeated.
正：They are repeatedly defeated although they fought again and again.
说明：原句的重点在“败”，“屡战 屡败”之间是让步关系，故用although 连接构成主从句。
误：Looking out of the window, thoughts of his childhood came to him.
正：Looking out of the window, he thought of his childhood.
例2．老虎在笼子里，因而我不 怕。
误：Being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.
例1．你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。 误：The girls in your class are more
active than our class.
正：The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.
说明：若不加those, 就变成了 girls和 our class比较。
例2．不要搞一刀切。
误: Do not cut off at one stroke.
正: Do not impose uniformity in all cases.
例2 原文是带有汉语特色的比喻说 法，意为“不可不顾实际情况，用 一切方法处理问题”。翻译时不可 拘泥于原文字句，“对号如座”。
四、汉译英基础翻译 要点
第十章 汉译英常见错误例析
造成汉译英常见错误的原因错综复 杂，但究其原因主要有两个：一是 运用英语知识的实践能力差，尽管 道理和规则记得很熟，但由于练习 较少，动笔时容易出错；二是受汉 语的影响，常见的错误往往是用英 语套用汉语的表达方式、习惯说法 和思维模式等。
10.1 生搬硬套型错误
说明：原译中不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 一致，改译后句子用主动语态，增补one做主语
例2. 要做出决定，你应该考虑各 种因素。
误：To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.
正：To make a decision, you should take everything into consideration.
his eyes were filled with tears.
B. 动名词的逻辑主语问题
动名词的逻辑主语若与句中的 主语不一致，也属于语病。如
例1．在挤公共车时，我的钱包丢 了。
误：On squeezing on to the bus, my wallet was lost.
正：On squeezing on to the bus, I lost my wallet.
这类错误就是把汉语的表达 意思逐词照搬地直译成英语。
例1．欢迎你参加英语角活动。 误：Welcome you to join our
English corner activities！ 正：You are welcome to join
our English Corner!
(or: Welcome to join our English Corner!)
正：The tiger being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.
例3．从山顶上看下去，这座城市 就像个漂亮的花园。
误：Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.
例2．他大学毕业后，他父亲想让他去 美国继续深造。
误：After graduating from college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America.
正：After he graduated from college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America.
例5．他们刚要走过街角就听到了枪声。 误：They were just turning the corner,