欧洲文化入门2

1．第1题
By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.
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2．第2题
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.
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3．第3题
Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.
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4．第4题
During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.
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5．第5题
It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.
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6．第6题
All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.
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7．第7题
Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.
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8．第8题
Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.
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9．第9题
Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.
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10．第10题
The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.
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11．第11题
According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.
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12．第12题
In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.
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13．第13题
According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.
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14．第14题
The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.
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15．第15题
In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.
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16．第16题
Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.
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17．第17题
In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.
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18．第18题
The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.
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19．第19题
Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots.
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20．第20题
The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.
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21．第21题
Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.
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22．第22题
In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.
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23．第23题
Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.
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24．第24题
Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian
plain.
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25．第25题
All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.
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26．第26题
The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.
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27．第27题
The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.
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28．第28题
The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.
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29．第29题
Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic
Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.
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30．第30题
Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.
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31．第31题
Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.
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32．第32题
All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.
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33．第33题
The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.
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34．第34题
Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.
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35．第35题
Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.
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36．第36题
Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.
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37．第37题
Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.
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38．第38题
After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.
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39．第39题
It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.
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40．第40题
judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.
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41．第41题
In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.
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42．第42题
Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.
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43．第43题
Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.
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44．第44题
To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.
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45．第45题
During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.
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46．第46题
Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.
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47．第47题
The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.
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48．第48题
“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.
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49．第49题
Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.
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50．第50题
The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.
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51．第51题
Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.
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52．第52题
During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.
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53．第53题
Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.
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54．第54题
The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.
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55．第55题
The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.
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56．第56题
The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.
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57．第57题
Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？
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58．第58题
Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.
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59．第59题
It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.
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60．第60题
Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.
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作业总得分：96.0
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11 / 11。