2022考研英语阅读气候和太阳圈

2022考研英语阅读气候和太阳圈Climate and the solar cycle
气候和太阳圈
Chilling out in the winter sun
在冬日的阳光中发冷
Stratospheric changes can lead to nasty cold snaps
平流层的变化能引发讨人厌的寒流
THOSE unconvinced-and those seeking to unconvince others-of the reality of man-madeglobal warming often point to the changeable behaviour of the sun as an alternativehypothesis.
不认为正确而不怀疑全球变暖是人为因素造成的和那些企图让别人不认为正确而不怀疑的人时常会将太阳的易变表现作为假设进行选择。

A new study showing how the severity of winters in Europe, and warming in the Arctic, mightbe linked to changes in solar activity might seem to add to this case.
一项新的讨论正在致力于讨论欧洲的严冬和日渐变暖的北极圈与太阳的变化活动可能的关联，好像是为了证明此观点。

In itself, it does not, for the heat in question is being redistributed, notretained.
实则不然，由于受人质疑的太阳热能始终在重新分布，而不是保持不变的。

But it does point to two other lessons about climate change: that hard data on the factorswhich affect it are sometimes difficult to come by; and that computer models of the climatecan be quite impressive tools for working out what is going on.
但这项讨论却让人们从气候变化中学到了其他两点：影响因子的数据有时候很难得到;气候的电脑模型能够模拟消失在的气候状况，让人印象深刻。

The sun s activity waxes and wanes on an 11-year cycle, and over this cycle the amount ofultraviolet light the sun emits changes a lot more than does the total amount of energy.
太阳的活动周期是11年，在此周期内太阳散发出的紫外线总量的变化比太阳能总量的变化要大的多。

The stratosphere, the part of the Earth s atmosphere which does most to absorb UV, mightthus be expected to be particularly sensitive to the cycle.
汲取大部分紫外线的平流层?地球大气圈的一部分，在此周期内可能会变得特别敏感。

In a paper just published in Nature Geoscience, Sarah Ineson of Britain s Meteorological Officeand her colleagues
compared the way that the Met Office s new and putatively improvedclimate model dealt with winters at times of high UV and at times of low UV, using data onthe amount of ultraviolet the sun gives off that were collected by a satellite called SORCE.
刚刚在《自然-地球科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，英国气象办公室的沙哈.伊内森和她的同事用该气象办公室公认的新型气候改进模型，对其在冬天纪录的高紫外线和低紫外线数据进行比较，这些数据是由一架名叫SORCE的卫星收集太阳散发的紫外线量获得的。

Climate and the solar cycle
气候和太阳圈
Chilling out in the winter sun
在冬日的阳光中发冷
Stratospheric changes can lead to nasty cold snaps
平流层的变化能引发讨人厌的寒流
THOSE unconvinced-and those seeking to unconvince others-of the reality of man-madeglobal warming often point to the changeable behaviour of the sun as an alternativehypothesis.
不认为正确而不怀疑全球变暖是人为因素造成的和那些企图让别人不认为正确而不怀疑的人时常会将太阳的易变表现作为假设进行选择。

A new study showing how the severity of winters in Europe, and warming in the Arctic, mightbe linked to changes in solar activity might seem to add to this case.
一项新的讨论正在致力于讨论欧洲的严冬和日渐变暖的北极圈与太阳的变化活动可能的关联，好像是为了证明此观点。

In itself, it does not, for the heat in question is being redistributed, notretained.
实则不然，由于受人质疑的太阳热能始终在重新分布，而不是保持不变的。

But it does point to two other lessons about climate change: that hard data on the factorswhich affect it are sometimes difficult to come by; and that computer models of the climatecan be quite impressive tools for working out what is going on.
Dr Ineson found that at low UV levels the stratosphere in the tropics was cooler, becausethere was less UV for it to absorb, which meant the difference in temperature between thetropical stratosphere and the polar stratosphere shrank.
伊内森博士发觉热带地区平流层中的紫外线含量低，因而就更凉快，由于那里没有足够的紫外线可以汲取，也就意味着热带地区平流层的气温柔极地地区平流层的气温差异
很大。

That changed the way the atmosphere circulated,
这种状况转变了大气环流的方式。

and as those changes spread down into the lower atmosphere they made it easier for coldsurface air from the Arctic to come south in winter, freezing chunks of northern Europe.
冬天，当大气环流变化散布到低一点的大气中时，自北极圈表层而来的冷空气很简单就能传播到南方，让北欧的大部分国家处于冰冻之中。

These conditions looked similar to those seen in the past two cold European winters-whichoccurred at a time of low solar activity.
这些状况和过去的两次发生在欧洲的严冬很相像那两次严冬都发生在太阳活动频率很低的时候。

The Arctic itself, in models and in real life, was warmer than usual, as were parts of Canada.。