物流专业英语期中测试二答案

物流专业英语期中测试（二）
I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points)
1. 及时配送timely delivery 11. outsourcing 外包
2. 利润率profit margin 12. inventory control system存货控制系统
3. 竞争优势competitive advantage 13. after-sales service售后服务
4. 数据处理data processing 14. goods in transit在途物资
5. 目标市场target market 15. global positioning system全球定位系统
6. 系统整合systems integration 16. direct procurement直接采购
7. 政府采购government procurement 17.third party logistics第三方物流
8. 材料流动material flow 18. enterprise resource planning企业资源计划
9. 外汇foreign exchange 19. state-owned enterprise国有企业
10. 运输设备transport facilities 20. production cost生产成本
II. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points)
( A ) 21. Generally speaking, logistics documents can be categorized into two groups. One is used to facilitate the logistics operations. The other is to improve the quality of customer
services.
( B ) 22. Packaging performs six important logistics functions, namely containment, protection, apportionment, unitization, convenience, and inventory control.
( B ) 23. There is no difference between the concept of supply chain management and the
traditional concept of logistics.
( A ) 24. In an ideal world, no inventory would be required because manufacturers could exactly forecast demand and produce only that much.
( B ) 25. One of the biggest enemies in the supply chain for companies is time. If a company has
a famous 3PL provider, the provider can indirectly decrease revenues through a solid
logistics network
( A ) 26. In a broad point of view, logistics information also contains commodities trading information and marketing information.
( B ) 27. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and
related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of
conforming to customer requirements.
( B ) 28. In the physical distribution, the retailer is the final destination of a marketing channel. ( B ) 29. Logistics information management is defined as the information processing of collecting, reconciling, communicating, storage and utilizing of all the information
generated from customers.
( A ) 30. Unitization is the function of bundling primary packages (i.e. packages that wrap the products) into secondary packages (i.e. containers that hold the primary packages) such
as cardboard boxes.
III. Complete each statement by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (15points) ( D ) 31. Accurate and timely information allows a firm to minimize inventories, improve routing and scheduling of transportation vehicles, and generally _______ customer
service levels.
A. destroy
B. satisfy
C. increase
D. improve
( A ) 32. Enterprise resource planning, or ERP, refers to a type of _______ applications now prevalent in many different organizations across the world.
A. computer
B. radio
C. TV
D. machinery ( C ) 33. With the goal of reducing total supply chain assets, managers realize that _______ can
be used to reduce inventory and human resource requirements.
A. informations
B. many information
C. information
D. inform ( A ) 34. Purchasing _______ to the firm’s efficiency and effectiveness in many ways.
A. contributes
B. is contributing
C. had been contributing
D. attributes ( A ) 35. EDI are quickly becoming the standard for effective, accurate, and _______ information exchange, like internet.
A. low-cost
B. high-cost
C. popular
D. common
( B ) 36. Purchasing is the management of _______ process.
A. acquire
B. acquisition
C. acquired
D. requirement ( C ) 37. The operational management of logistic is concerned with _______ and _______ of materials and finished products.
A. move, storage
B. movement, store
C. movements, storage
D. move, storage.
( A ) 38. In government circles, acquisition has traditionally been referred to as _______.
A. procurement
B. purchasing
C. procuring
D. buying
( A ) 39. The quality of finished goods and services is obviously _______ the quality of the materials and parts used in producing those items.
A. dependent upon
B. considered as
C. independent upon
D. relied on ( D ) 40. Without effective purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may _______, and long-term customer relationship may be
damaged.
A. deteriorate
B. increase
C. damage
D. fall
(C ) 41. As technology changes, distribution systems must be to these changes.
A. adopted
B. accepted
C. adapted
D. adjusted ( B ) 42. Transport, especially rapid or refrigerated transport, allows people to enjoy a special range of food that can be _______ at certain seasons all year round.
A. lack
B. available
C. appropriate
D. suitable ( B ) 43. With the development of economy in the whole world, governments have become more and more emphatic about _______ the public transportation.
A. modern
B. modernizing
C. model
D. modernized
( D ) 44. _______ focus on freight movements and physical distribution.
A. Order management system
B. Yard management system
C. Warehouse management system
D. Transportation management system ( A ) 45. When some commodities are exported for publicity purposes, such as newspaper and magazine, any delay would make them _______.
A. valueless
B. flawless
C. valuable
D. shameless
IV. Complete the passage by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (10points)
One-to–one Marketing
One-to-one marketing, like the personalized marketing efforts being initiated by Williams-Sonama, represents a very revolutionary idea in the field of __ 46_ _ today: communicate with customers on a __ 47_ _, one-to-one basis. Contemporary marketers, from retailers to customer goods manufacturers and business-to-business resellers, are being urged to look at their __ 48_ _ as individual entities rather than as __ 49_ _ markets.
Most businesses today follow the time-honored mass marketing rule of advertising and selling their products to the 50 number of people—that is, the goal is to increase market __ 51_ _ by selling more goods to more people. However, selling more goods to fewer people through a one-to-one marketing philosophy is more 52 and more profitable. One-to-one marketing, sometimes called customer relationship management, is an individualized marketing __ 54_ _ that utilizes customer information to build long-term, personalized, and __ 55_ _ relationships with each customer. One-to-one marketing __ 56_ _ on share of customer rather than share of market. Whereas mass marketers develop a product and try to find customers for that product, one-to-one marketers develop a customer and try to find products for that customer.
( A ) 46. A. marketing B. selling C. sailing D. promoting ( B ) 47. A. entity B. individual C. union D. each
( C ) 48. A. manufacturers B. sellers C. customers D. suppliers
( D ) 49. A. individual B. personal C. unique D. mass
( D ) 50. A. most B. biggest C. more D. greatest
( D ) 51. A. target B. segmentation C. position D. share
( A) 52. A. efficient B. effective C. economic D. enormous
( B ) 53. A. plan B. method C. management D. wish
( C ) 54. A. effective B. practicable C. profitable D. imaginable ( B) 55. A. keeps B. focuses C. insists D. comments
Ⅴ. Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question. (30 points)
Passage One
Transportation has taken a great role in many logistics systems for two reasons. First of all, globalization and importing-exporting activities make most products necessary to be transferred from one country to another. Secondly, information revolution has propelled the manufacturing process and consumer behaviors to be changed drastically. Traditional transportation methods need to be upgraded to accommodate modern transportation demand; therefore, containerization and usage of information sharing system emerge.
Nowadays, most logistic transportation companies ar e familiar with the idea of “mission statement” as an expression of setting a vision for the business. The mission statement seeks to define the purpose of the business, its boundaries and its aspirations. It is now common for organizations to have such statement for the business as a whole and for key constituent components. What some companies have found is that there can be significant benefits to define the logistics vision of the firm.
The purpose of the logistics vision statement is to give a clear indication that business intends to build a position of advantage through closer customer relationship. Such statement is never easy to construct. There is always the danger that they will publish the energetic and encouraging declaration that gives everyone a warm feeling but provides no guideline for action.
Ideally, the logistics vision should be built around the simple issue of “How do we intend to use logistics and supply chain management to create value for our customers?” To realize this idea will necessitate a detailed understanding of how customer value is created and delivered in the market in which the business competes. Value chain analysis will be a fundamental element in this investigation as will the definition of the core competencies and capabilities of the organization. Asking the question “What activities do we excel in?” and “What is it that differentiates us from our competitors?” is the starting point for creating the logistics vision statement.
Earlier, it was suggested that t he three words “Better, Faster, Cheaper” summarizes the ways in which logistics vision statement can provide value for customers. The criterion for good logistics vision statement is that it should provide the road map for how these three goals are to be achieved.
( B ) 56. What does mission statement intend to do?
A. To please management.
B. To define, summarize and achieve a common goal.
C. To achieve higher market share and profitability.
D. To develop new market.
(A ) 57. What kind of goals can mission statement fail to achieve?
A. Providing realistic guidelines to guide the actions to achieve results.
B. Designing a goal that everyone agrees.
C. Pointing out a good goal.
D. Implementing effectively.
( C ) 58. Which element should a logistics mission statement focus on?
A. Transportation.
B. Costs.
C. Customers.
D. Punctuality.
( D ) 59. How should a logistics vision statement add value to its customers?
A. To provide cheaper services.
B. To provide more choices for transportations.
C. To communicate better with customers.
D. To provide better, more cost-effective and punctual services.
( D ) 60. What should a logistics mission statement provide?
A. Management encouragement.
B. A design of new methods to apply to customer satisfaction.
C. Some detailed actions to undertake to obtain more market share.
D. An outline of actions for goals to be achieved.
Passage Two
Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising and more. Each of these coasts must bring in some profit at each stage, e.g. truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price itself consists of a markup(提价幅度) over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.
The markup may be quite high—90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery item in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink costs have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.
While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele(客户). Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item can not be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.
Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so make from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, persuade them of the inferiority of the low-priced item. Then a higher-priced item is presented as a better alternative.
A common retail tactic is odd-priced products. For some products of $ 300, the store will set the price at $ 295 or $ 299.5 to give the appearance of lower price. Automobiles and other high-priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $ 7 995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $ 8 000.
Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.
( A ) 61. We learn form the para.2 that ______.
A. lower markup brings reasonable profits
B. profits depend on how fast goods are moving
C. fair price markup generate the biggest profits
D. reducing cost is the surest way to increase profit
( A ) 62. What is the purpose of showing clients bait-priced items in the department store？
A. To get them to purchase some other articles.
B. To earn more money from these items.
C. To persuade them to buy these items at a low price.
D. To show the nice quality of these items.
( A ) 63. Odd-even pricing method ______.
A. is often used with very expensive articles
B. is only effective on potential car buyers
C. is the most efficient way of selling low-priced goods
D. is not as popular as the bait pricing
( C ) 64. In a bidding deal, ______.
A. the government selects the best items
B. the government transacts with an individual
C. the sellers compete with each other for the bid
D. the buyer compete with each other for the bid
( D ) 65. Which markup is based on the total cost involved?
A. Prestige pricing
B. Bait pricing
C. Leader pricing
D. None of the above
Passage Tree
Standard TPL services contain some easy customized types of operations. The rationale behind routine services is economies of scale and scope. An example of a standard service is transportation with a terminal service such as sorting products out by customer needs. This requires closer operation and coordination with the TPL provider than does the relationships in the routine TPL services. A standard service also includes, for example, special transportation where products need to be cooled, heated or moved in tanker trucks.
The channel used in standardized services is field service personnel. The service organization thus formed can be established as buying centers for standard logistics services. In the case of Alcatel USA, the logistics standard service buying center was established with co-operation among three transportation service providers covering international air and ocean, and domestic air and van lines. Alcatel sells 96×24×8 inch steel racks containing shelves for printed circuit cards and wire to top communication companies. Special arrangements are needed for crating and rigging. This cooperation resulted in 44 percent reductions in unit freight cost, and a reduction in international transit times from seven-ten days to two days. Another example is Federal Express, responsible for the distribution of products sold via internet supermarket . Electronic commerce provides new business opportunities for express transportation logistics providers. They have certain established standard products, health and beauty items, gifts and electronics. The relationship with Federal Express covers not only distribution of products, but also warehousing with automated operations. A third example is E-letter offered by Finland Post Ltd as a new standard type of service. Here, contract partners send “letters” electronically to Finland Post Ltd, which prints the “letters” near the customer location and sends them out to the receiver. This allows printing to be done near the customer, reducing transportation costs and transportation time.
A66. In the example of terminal service, what is the main difference between the standard TPL services and the routine ones?
A) Standard TPL services require closer cooperation and coordination of operation with the
TPL provider than the routine TPL service.
B) The routine TPL services require closer cooperation and coordination of operation with the
TPL provider than the standard TPL service.
C) Standard TPL services contain some easy customized types of operation.
D) The routine service is more traditional compared with the standard TPL services.
B67. What does the example of Alcatel USA show us?
A) Special arrangements are necessary for selling products.
B) The cooperation with transportation service providers can reduce some freight costs and
transit time.
C) Standard TPL services are very useful in selling Alcatel products.
D) Transportation plays an important role in transaction.
A68. What is the rationale behind routine services?
A) Economies of scale and scope
B) Economies of time and cost
C) Development of scale and scope
D) Development of time and cost
D69. The example of Federal Express, which one of the following is not right?
A) A net grocer
B) Responsible for the distribution of products sold via Internet supermarket
C) Provides new business opportunities for express transportation logistics
D) Provides more competitive price
A70. How does Finland Post Ltd save time and cost?
A) Print the “letters” near the customer location and send them out to the receiver
B) Do easy customized types of operations
C) Sort products out by customer needs
D) By coordination of operation of operations with the TPL provider
VI. Write a composition according to the following instructions.(15points)
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic.
The Influence of Information on Logistics。