FAO Food Security
fao组织机构 -回复
fao组织机构-回复世界粮食农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，简称FAO）是联合国的一家专门机构，专注于解决世界范围内的粮食安全和农业发展问题。
其使命是通过促进可持续农业发展、提高粮食生产、改善营养状况和支持农村社区，为全球人民提供安全和健康的食品。
FAO的工作面向全球范围，致力于消除饥饿和贫困，推动农业的可持续发展。
其重点工作包括：改善农业生产和提高粮食生产能力、促进农村发展、保护和可持续利用农业资源、应对气候变化的挑战、促进食品安全和营养、支持农村社区的发展和改善全球农业政策等。
在改善农业生产和提高粮食生产能力方面，FAO致力于提供技术支持和培训，帮助农民改善耕作方式、使用适当的农业技术和推广先进的农业实践。
该组织还与各国合作，开发并推广抗旱、抗灾和抗虫病的品种，以提高农作物的生产力和抗逆能力。
FAO还积极支持农村发展，通过提供农业和农村基础设施建设的资金和技术援助，帮助发展中国家改善农村社区的基础设施和生活条件。
此外，FAO 还与各国政府和在地合作伙伴合作，推动落后地区农村经济的发展，提高农产品的加工和价值链，增加农民的收入。
保护和可持续利用农业资源是FAO的另一个重要任务。
该组织致力于保护农田、森林和水资源的可持续利用，通过提供技术支持和培训，推广可持续农业实践，减少土地退化和水源污染，保护农业生态系统的健康。
气候变化对农业产生了巨大的影响，FAO非常重视应对气候变化的挑战。
该组织与各国政府合作，推动农业适应和减缓气候变化的行动，通过提供农业技术和培训，帮助农民适应不断变化的气候条件，减少温室气体排放，并推广低碳农业实践。
食品安全和营养也是FAO关注的重要议题。
该组织通过监测和评估全球食物供应状况，提供政策制定和技术支持，以确保人民获得安全、可持续和充足的食品。
此外，FAO还致力于推广营养教育，提高公众对健康饮食的认识，促进全球营养改善。
全球食品安全标准
全球食品安全标准
全球食品安全标准是指在全球范围内用于确保食品安全的一系列准则和规定。
以下是一些常见的全球食品安全标准：
1. 联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）制定的《食品法典》：这是一个国际参考标准，涵盖了食品的生产、加工、储存、运输和销售等各个环节。
2. 国际食品法典委员会（CAC）制定的标准：CAC 是由 FAO 和 WHO 共同成立的机构，负责制定和协调全球食品安全标准。
3. 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）制定的标准：FDA 是美国负责监管食品安全的机构，其标准在全球范围内具有很高的影响力。
4. 欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）制定的标准：EFSA 是欧盟负责食品安全的机构，其标准在欧洲和其他地区也有广泛的应用。
5. 中国国家食品药品监督管理总局（CFDA）制定的标准：CFDA 是中国负责监管食品安全的机构，其标准在中国和其他地区也有一定的影响力。
这些标准的制定和实施旨在确保食品的安全、卫生和质量，保护消费者的健康和权益。
不同国家和地区可能会根据自身的情况和需求，采用不同的食品安全标准。
世界粮油组织 食用油标准
世界粮油组织食用油标准世界粮油组织（FAO）是联合国的一个专门机构，致力于推动全球农业和粮食发展。
作为全球食用油质量和安全的标准制定者和监管机构，FAO在食用油标准的制定方面扮演着重要角色。
食用油标准的制定对于保障人们的食品安全、促进经济发展、促进贸易便利化和加强国际合作具有极其重要的意义。
食用油标准是指对液态食用油进行质量评估、安全要求和标记规定的一套规则体系。
食用油标准主要包括以下几个方面：食用油的质量指标、食用油的安全要求、食用油的标记要求以及食用油的检验和监管。
首先，食用油的质量指标是保证食用油质量的关键。
FAO根据科学研究和市场需求，制定了食用油的物理性质、化学成分和微生物污染等方面的指标。
常见的质量指标包括：酸与碱值、氧化度、含水量、杂质含量、透明度、色泽、香气、味道等。
这些指标可以帮助检测食用油的新鲜度、纯度和营养组成，确保食用油符合消费者的要求。
其次，食用油的安全要求是保障人们健康的重要保障。
FAO制定了关于食用油中有害物质的限量标准，如重金属、农药残留、有害微生物和人工添加物等。
通过限制这些有害物质的含量，可以降低人们长期摄入对健康的潜在风险。
此外，食用油的标记要求对于消费者的选择起到了重要的引导作用。
FAO规定了食用油包装上的标签内容和标记位置，包括产品名称、厂家信息、产地、净含量、保质期、储藏条件、营养成分表等。
这些信息可以帮助消费者进行选择，了解产品的来源、质量和适用范围。
最后，食用油的检验和监管是保障标准执行的重要环节。
FAO制定了食用油的检验方法和抽检标准，定期对市场上已经销售的食用油进行质量检测，保证市场上销售的食用油符合标准要求。
同时，FAO还鼓励各国建立食用油质量监测体系和信息交流平台，加强国际合作，共同提高全球食用油的质量和安全水平。
总之，世界粮油组织在食用油标准的制定和监管方面发挥着重要的作用。
它通过制定质量指标、安全要求和标记规定，保障了食用油的质量和安全，并加强了国际间的合作和交流。
食品安全风险分析框架
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剂量-反应分析
➢ 非致癌效应的NOEL为2 mg/kg bw/天(90天大鼠试 验)。
➢ 但其主要效应为致癌性。流行病学资料及动物和人的生 物学标记物数据不足以进行评价。
➢ 根据动物致癌性试验结果，用8种数学模型分析，最保 守的乳腺瘤BMDL为0.3 mg/kg bw/天。
食品安全风险分析框架
1
食品安全风险评估机构
➢ WHO：世界卫生组织 ➢ CAC：食品法典委员会 ➢ FDA：食品药品监督管理局 ➢ FAO：联合国粮食及农业组织 ➢ SPS协定：实施卫生与动植物检疫措施协定 ➢ TBT协定：贸易技术壁垒协定 ➢ JECFA：食品添加剂联合委员会 ➢ JMPR：农药残留联合委员会 ➢ NRC：美国国家研究委员会 ➢ CCFA：国际食品法典食品添加剂委员会 ➢ CCFICS：国际食品法典进出口食品检验及认证委员会 ➢ NACMCF:美国微生物基准咨询委员会
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食物名称 油炸薯类 油条、油饼 方便面 传统中式食品 饼干 蛋糕和面包 咖啡 (速溶) 巧克力 婴儿米粉 婴儿奶粉 婴儿辅食
北京市售食品丙烯酰胺含量
(g/kg bw/天)
样品数 最小值 均值
50
ND 751.7
8
13 79.1
14
ND 24.3
50
ND 111.7
13
ND 367.4
15.0 ND 32.6
（男, mg/kg bw/天 ）
暴露量 mg/kg bw/day
10 ADI 5 mg/kg bw/day
9
8
7
6
美国食品安全法的规定与影响
美国食品安全法的规定与影响随着全球贸易的不断发展，食品安全问题在国际间愈发引起了人们的关注。
而美国作为全球最大的食品出口国之一，其食品安全法的规定与影响则既关系到美国国内食品行业，又对全球食品贸易产生了广泛的影响。
一、美国食品安全法的背景美国食品安全法(Food Safety Modernization Act, FSMA）于2011年通过，是美国最重要的一项食品安全法律。
该法律的制定背景在于美国食品安全问题的出现，特别是在2008年至2009年期间，美国发生了数起与食品安全有关的丑闻和大规模食品召回事件，引起了公众对食品安全问题的热切关注和担忧。
二、美国食品安全法的规定1. 食品企业责任：美国食品安全法要求食品企业承担更多的责任，包括食品生产过程中的预防性控制、安全计划的制定、进行产品追溯等。
这意味着企业需要更加重视食品安全，采取必要的措施确保产品的质量和安全。
2. 进口食品安全：为了加强对进口食品的监管，美国食品安全法对外国食品企业进入美国市场设定了更加严格的要求。
例如，进口食品企业必须提供符合美国标准的食品安全计划，且必须有资质的第三方机构进行审核。
3. 食品检测与监测：美国食品安全法要求建立全面的食品检测与监测体系，以及对食品企业进行定期的检查和审核。
通过提高食品检测的力度和频率，可以更有效地发现和防范食品安全问题。
4. 消费者教育与参与：美国食品安全法鼓励加强消费者的食品安全教育与参与。
消费者可以通过了解食品标签、识别食品召回信息等方式，增强对自身食品安全的意识和保护能力。
三、美国食品安全法的影响1. 对美国食品企业的影响：美国食品安全法的出台，督促食品企业重新审视和改进自身的食品安全管理体系，加强原材料和生产过程的监控，提高产品质量和安全水平。
这对于改善整个食品供应链的食品安全环境有着积极的促进作用。
2. 对全球食品贸易的影响：由于美国是全球最大的食品出口国之一，其食品安全法的规定影响着全球食品贸易。
英语新闻听力 食品安全词汇
粮农组织：Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）美国食品与药物管理局：Food and Drug Administration(U.S.)(FDA)食品加工工业：food processing industry肥料（尤指化学肥料）：fertilizer食品防腐剂：food antiseptics食物添加剂：food additive人造香料：artificial flavourings/artificial flavours化学色素：chemical dyes含过量防腐剂或食品添加剂：contain excessive amounts of preservatives or additives长期食用有损肝肾：Long-time exposure can lead to kidney and liver damage.残余农药：pesticide residues致癌物质：cancer-causing toxins三聚氰胺melamine三聚氰胺奶粉melamine-tainted formula milk powder 地沟油illegal cooking oil食品保藏：food conservation粮食污染物：food contaminant粮食作物：food crops食品包装：food packaging食物中毒：food poisoning食品安全：food safety／security食品安全监管制度：food safety monitoring system粮食自给自足：food self-sufficiency食品短缺：food shortage有机食品：organic food食物摄取量：food intake食物链：food chain干制食品：dehydrated food烘焙食品：bakery熏制食品：smoked food膨化食品：puffed food (extruded food)速冻食品：quick-frozen food罐藏食品：canned food粮食制品：cereal product肉制品：meat product食用油脂：edible oil and fat乳制品：dairy product水产品：sea food原料：raw material配料：ingredient主食：staples食品成分：food composition矿物质：mineral胆固醇：cholesterol 蛋白质：protein钠：sodium碳水化合物：carbohydrates纤维质：fiber钙：calcium铁：iron叶酸：folic acid磷：phosphorus无防腐剂：no preservatives任何未能履行责任的政府部门都将受到严惩。
关于食品安全的英语
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Food Safety Regulations and Standards
International Regulations and Standards
Codex Alimentarius A collection of internationally adapted food standards, guidelines, and codes of practice to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair trade practices World Health Organization (WHO) Food Safety Guidelines Provide scientific advice and guidance on food safety issues, including risk assessment, risk management, and foodborne diseases International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Food Safety Standards Develop and publish international standards for
Viral Contamination
Food can also be contained with viruses such as Norovirus and Heritage A, which are transmitted through contained food or water
Parasitic Coordination
Chemical Contaminants
食品安全主要组织中英文名称
食品安全主要组织中英文名称第一篇：食品安全主要组织中英文名称FAO：Food and Agriculture Organization 联合国粮食与农业组织 WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织FDA: Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药品管理局EPA:Environmental Protection Agency美国环保署USDA:US Department of Agriculture 美国农业部CAC: Codex Alimentarius Commission 国际食品法典委员会JECFA: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 食品添加剂联合专家委员会（隶属于FAO和WHO）CC/RVFD: Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food 兽药残留法典委员会（CAC倡导下成立）JMPR: Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues FAO/WHO农药残留联席会议 EC：EU 欧盟AOAC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists 美国公职分析化学师协会 HACCP: hazard analysis and critical control point 危害分析与关键控制点GMP: good manufacturing practice 良好操作规范 GAP: good agriculture practice 良好农业规范SSOP: sanitation standard operation procedure 卫生标准操作程序 ISO: international organization for standardization 国际标准化组织ADI：acceptable daily intake 人体每日允许摄入量MRL: maximum residues limit 最高残留限量第二篇：超市食品名称中英文对照超市食品名称中英文对照 resh Grade Legs 大鸡腿Fresh Grade Breast 鸡胸肉Chicken Drumsticks 小鸡腿Chicken Wings 鸡翅膀Minced Steak 绞肉Pigs Liver 猪肝Pigs feet 猪脚Pigs Kidney 猪腰Pigs Hearts 猪心Pork Steak 没骨头的猪排Pork Chops 连骨头的猪排Rolled Porkloin 卷好的腰部瘦肉Rolled Pork Belly 卷好的腰部瘦肉连带皮 Pork sausage meat 做香肠的绞肉Smoked Bacon 醺肉Pork Fillet 小里肌肉Spare Rib Pork chops带骨的瘦肉Spare Rib of Pork 小排骨肉Pork ribs 肋骨可煮汤食用Black Pudding 黑香肠Pork Burgers 汉堡肉Pork-pieces 一块块的廋肉Pork Dripping 猪油滴 Lard 猪油Hock 蹄膀Casserole Pork 中间带骨的腿肉 Joint 有骨的大块肉Stewing Beef 小块的瘦肉Steak & Kidney 牛肉块加牛腰Frying steak 可煎食的大片牛排 Mimced Beef 牛绞肉Rump Steak 大块牛排 Leg Beef 牛键肉 OX-Tail 牛尾OX-heart 牛心OX-T ongues 牛舌Barnsley Chops 带骨的腿肉Shoulder Chops 肩肉Porter House Steak 腰上的牛排肉Chuck Steak 头肩肉筋、油较多 Tenderised Steak 拍打过的牛排Roll 牛肠 Cowhells 牛筋 Pig bag 猪肚Homeycome Tripe 蜂窝牛肚Tripe Pieces 牛肚块 Best thick seam 白牛肚Herring 鲱Salmon 鲑Cod 鳕Tuna 鲔鱼Plaice 比目鱼Octopus 鱆鱼Squid 乌贼Dressed squid 花枝 Mackerel 鲭Haddock 北大西洋产的鳕鱼Trout 鳟鱼、适合蒸来吃Carp 鲤鱼Cod Fillets 鳕鱼块，可做鱼羹，或炸酥鱼片都很好吃Conger (Eel) 海鳗 Sea Bream 海鲤Hake 鳕鱼类Red Mullet 红鲣，可煎或红烧来吃 Smoked Salmon 熏鲑Smoked mackerel with crushed pepper corn 带有黑胡椒粒的熏鲭*Herring roes 鲱鱼子Boiled Cod roes 鳕鱼子Oyster 牡犡Mussel 蚌、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的即为淡菜Crab 螃蟹Prawn 虾Crab stick 蟹肉条Peeled Prawns 虾仁King Prawns 大虾Winkles 田螺Whelks Tops 小螺肉Shrimps 小虾米Cockles 小贝肉Labster 龙虾 Potato 马铃薯Carrot 红萝卜Onion 洋葱Aubergine 茄子 Celery 芹菜White Cabbage 包心菜Red cabbage 紫色包心菜Cucumber 大黄瓜Tomato 蕃茄Radish 小红萝卜Mooli 白萝卜Watercress 西洋菜Baby corn 玉米尖 Sweet corn 玉米Cauliflower 白花菜Spring onions 葱Garlic 大蒜Ginger 姜Chinese leaves 大白菜Leeks 大葱Mustard & cress 芥菜苗Green Pepper 青椒Red pepper 红椒Yellow pepper 黄椒Mushroom 洋菇Broccoliflorets 绿花菜Courgettes 绿皮南瓜，形状似小黄瓜，但不可生食 Coriander 香菜Dwarf Bean 四季豆Flat Beans 长形帄豆Iceberg 透明包心菜Lettuce 莴苣菜Swede or Turnip 芜菁Okra 秋葵Chillies 辣椒Eddoes 小芋头Taro 大芋头Sweet potato 蕃薯Spinach 菠菜Beansprots 绿豆芽Peas 碗豆Corn 玉米粒Sprot 高丽小菜心Lemon 柠檬Pear 梨子Banana 香蕉Grape 葡萄Golden apple 黄绿苹果、脆甜 Granny smith 绿苹果、较酸Bramleys 可煮食的苹果Peach 桃子Orange 橙Strawberry 草莓Mango 芒果Pine apple 菠萝Kiwi 奇异果Starfruit 杨桃Honeydew-melon 蜜瓜 Cherry 樱桃Date 枣子lychee 荔枝Grape fruit 葡萄柚 Coconut 椰子Fig 无花果Long rice 长米Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软Brown rice 糙米THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米Glutinous rice 糯米Strong flour 高筋面粉 Plain flour 中筋面粉Self-raising flour 低筋面粉Whole meal flour 小麦面粉Brown sugar 砂糖(泡奶茶、咖啡适用)dark Brown Sugar 红糖(感冒时可煮姜汤时用Custer sugar 白砂糖(适用于做糕点) Icing Sugar 糖粉Rock Sugar 冰糖Noodles 面条Instant noodles 方便面Soy sauce 酱油，分生抽浅色及老抽深色两种Vinger 醋Cornstarch 太白粉Maltose 麦芽糖Sesame Seeds 芝麻 Sesame oil 麻油Oyster sauce 蚝油Pepper 胡椒Red chilli powder 辣椒粉 Sesame paste 芝麻酱Beancurd sheet 腐皮Tofu 豆腐 Sago 西贾米 Creamed Coconut 椰油Monosidum glutanate 味精Chinese red pepper 花椒Salt black bean 豆鼓 Dried fish 鱼干Sea vegetable or Sea weed 海带Green bean 绿豆 Red Bean 红豆 Black bean 黑豆Red kidney bean 大红豆Dried black mushroom 冬菇Pickled mustard-green 酸菜 Silk noodles 粉丝Agar-agar 燕菜Rice-noodle 米粉Bamboo shoots 竹笋罐头Star anise 八角Wantun skin 馄饨皮Dried chestuts 干粟子Tiger lily buds 金针Red date 红枣Water chestnuts 荸荠罐头Mu-er 木耳Dried shrimps 虾米Cashewnuts 腰果调味品的中英文对照F Allspice--------------- 香辣椒，多香果，牙买加胡椒Anise (star anise)----- 大茴香，八角，大料Aniseed --------------- 大茴香子Basil ----------------- 罗勒，紫苏，九层塔Bay leaf--------------- 香叶，月桂树叶Caper------------------ 马槟榔Caraway --------------- 藏茴香果，葛缕子，页蒿Cardamom -------------- 小豆蔻Cayenne pepper--------- 辣椒，牛角椒Chive ----------------- 细香葱，虾夷葱Cinnamon -------------- 肉桂Clove------------------ 丁香Coriander-------------- 芫荽，香菜，胡芫Cumin------------------ 孜然，小茴香，枯茗Dill ------------------ 莳萝Fennel----------------- 茴香Fenugreek ------------- 胡芦巴Hop-------------------- 忽布，啤酒花Horseradish------------ 山葵，辣根Laurel----------------- 月桂Mint------------------- 薄荷Mustard---------------- 芥末Nutmeg----------------- 肉豆蔻Oregano---------------- 牛至Paprika---------------- 红辣椒粉Parsley --------------- 欧芹，洋芫荽洋香菜Poppy seed ------------ 罂粟种子Rosemary -------------- 迷迭香Saffron --------------- 藏红花，番红花Sage------------------- 鼠尾草，洋苏草Tarragon--------------- 龙蒿，蛇蒿，菌陈蒿Thyme ----------------- 百里香，麝香草Turmeric -------------- 姜黄vanilla --------------- 香草，香子兰Wormwood -------------- 苦艾，蒿薰衣草Lavender 洋甘菊Chamomile 香蜂葉Lemon balm 芳香天竺葵Geranium 馬郁蘭草Sweet marjoram 冬香薄荷 Savory細葉、寬葉迷迭香Rosemary 薄荷Mentha arvensis 荷力羅勒Basil holy 金蓮花Nasturtium 鼠尾草Common sage 香茅Citronnelle 百里香 Wild thyme 蒔蘿 Dill蝦夷蔥 Chives香椿 Cedrela sinensis Juss 芸香 Ruta洋薄荷Spearmint 胡椒薄荷Peppermint 鱼的中英文对照Bass海鲈鱼 BELTFISH－带鱼BUFFALOFISH－水牛鱼 CARP－鲤鱼 catfish 鲶鱼 cod 鳕鱼Conger (Eel)鳗鱼Corvina黄花鱼Croaker 白花鱼 Dace鲮鱼Drumfish－鼓鱼 flounder 比目鱼Flounder－龙利, 比目鱼一类的鱼grouper 石斑鱼,肉质很嫩,清蒸或烧鱼块均可 Haddock 北大西洋鳕鱼Halibut 大比目鱼Herring 青鱼，鲱 Herring roes 鲱鱼子Mackerel 鲭Milkfish－虱目鱼 mullet 胭脂鱼orange 香橙鱼Octopus 鱆鱼perch 河鲈鱼Plaice欧蝶鱼Red Mullet 红鲣red snapper 红鲷鱼ribbonfish 带鱼salmon 三文鱼(也叫鲑鱼或大马哈鱼) Sea Bream 海鲤shark 鲨鱼swordfish 剑鱼SWORDFISH－剑鱼tilapia 罗非鱼TILAPIA－鲷鱼TROUT－鳟鱼、鲑鱼TUNA－吞拿鱼、金枪鱼WHITEFISH－白鱼SQUID－乌贼，鱿鱼SCALLOP-扇贝肉贝类海鲜(Shellfish): Oysters 牡蜊Mussels 蚌类、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的是淡菜Crab 螃蟹餐厅常用语5.Do you know where I can get a quick snack？请问你知道哪里有快餐？11.What''s your today’s special？请你推荐一些好菜好吗？15. Please rush your orders. 我们点的菜请快送来。
fda食品法典
fda食品法典
《食品法典》是由联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）联合制定的一系列食品标准、规范和准则的集合。
它旨在确保全球食品的安全性、质量和合规性。
《食品法典》涵盖了食品生产、加工、储存、运输、销售和消费等各个环节，包括食品添加剂、污染物、农药残留、微生物、营养标签等方面的规定。
其目的是保护消费者的健康，促进国际食品贸易的公平和顺畅进行。
《食品法典》的制定过程是由多个国际组织和专家参与的，通过科学研究、风险评估和国际协商等方式，制定出适用于全球范围的食品标准和准则。
它不仅为各国政府提供了参考依据，也为食品企业提供了指导，以确保其产品符合国际标准。
需要注意的是，《食品法典》并不是强制性的法律法规，而是一套国际推荐标准。
各国可以根据自身的法律体系和国情，选择采纳或部分采纳其中的标准和准则。
同时，各国也可以根据自身的需求和情况，制定更为严格或具体的食品安全法规。
总的来说，《食品法典》是国际上公认的食品安全和质量标准的重要参考，对于保障全球食品安全、促进国际贸易和保护消费者健康起到了积极的作用。
美国食品安全法律法规
美国食品安全法律法规.美国食品安全法律法规1. 概述美国食品安全法律法规是为确保消费者在购买、消费食品时的安全性而制定的一系列法律法规。
其目的是保护公众健康，防止食品中毒和传染病的传播，并确保食品的质量和标签信息的准确性。
本文将重点介绍美国食品安全法律法规的主要法规和监管机构。
2. 主要法规2.1 食品、药物和化妆品法案（FD&C法案）食品、药物和化妆品法案（Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FD&C法案）是美国食品安全的最重要法律之一。
该法案于1938年通过，为监管和控制相关产品的质量和安全性提供指导。
FD&C法案规定了食品、药品和化妆品的定义、生产标准、标签要求、广告限制，以及批准和监管机构等内容。
它还规定了食品和药品的配方和销售前需要经过FDA （美国食品药品监管机构）的审查和批准。
2.2 兽药法案（Animal Drug Amendments）兽药法案是针对动物用药和添加剂而制定的法规。
根据该法案，所有进入美国市场的动物用药和添加剂都需要经过FDA的审查和批准。
这些产品必须符合一定的质量和安全标准，以保证不会对动物和人类的健康造成危害。
2.3 营养成分和健康宣称法案（Nutrition Labeling and Education Act）营养成分和健康宣称法案要求所有包装食品在其标签上明确列出其营养成分，并禁止虚假宣称和使人产生误导的营养健康陈述。
该法案要求食品制造商提供准确的信息，以便消费者可以作出明智的食品选择。
2.4 生物技术法案（Biotechnology Act）生物技术法案主要针对基因改良食品进行监管。
根据该法案，任何生产、销售或进口基因改良食品的企业都需要符合FDA的审查和批准程序。
生物技术法案确保了基因改良食品的安全性和可追溯性。
它要求企业提供充分的科学证据来证明基因改良食品与传统食品在安全性上无差异，并遵循FDA关于标签和标识要求的指导。
FAO及议题官方解释
〃议题背景食物浪费被定义为在食物生产和植物生长周期中被浪费的食物，包括每一个农场因为管理不善和浪费的产品。
食品全球化的浪费令人担忧。
联合国报道每年有超过13亿吨的粮食因为管理不善而被浪费。
这种浪费令人吃惊，这种浪费体现在7500亿美元的经济损失。
使这种经济事件变成人道主义事件。
这些浪费的食物大概都以毫无效率的全球食品产业的形式而浪费。
但对每年八亿饱受极端饥饿折磨的世界人口来说，这些数据代表对他们生存极其重要的食物和需要种植的作物被浪费。
现在有两个重要的镜头去看待食品浪费事件。
在环境和食品安全的角度来看，这些事件当然也可以被看作经济事件。
从环境保护的角度来说，食品安全的影响令人吃惊。
从农业的生产将大量的土地用于农业生产和化学药品制造以及其他的人造复合品，可以严重地影响周围的动植物以及生态环境。
在生产之后，这些食物必须要用耗费巨大资源的方式来运输，包括贵重的燃料资源。
然后，这些食物可能会被包装起来最终成为垃圾。
使用轮船运输更加浪费燃料资源，而且在食品杂货店保存也需要用很多资源来将它冷藏、保存和销售。
在生产过程中的每一个阶段，食物被逐渐浪费，尽管它是原本有重要问题的食物被筛选出来但同样在运输期间浪费了大量食物。
食品浪费主要体现在生产过程、运输过程和加工过程。
一个关于环境的噩梦也随之而来。
这体现在全球农业生产区有超过百分之二十八的浪费率，同时也包括三十三亿公顷的耕地被人类行为破坏。
另一方面，最明显的是，食物垃圾的负面影响当然是对全球粮食安全的影响，食品安全受到食品浪费的三个重要途径，失去的食物代表了世界范围内不可用的食物，这损害了食品安全的可进入的维度。
其次，供应链上的效率低下和经济损失推动了食品价格的上涨。
这可以使它更难在需要的人群提供急需的食物资源。
最后，与这一问题的环境维度重叠，自然资源的不当使用资源和农业领域可以导致未来粮食不安全因贫农业增产环境。
还应当指出的是，食物垃圾可以包括营养损失食品在整个食品系统，它也可以影响食品安全。
Food Security资料
Food SecurityFood security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it.A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. According to the World Resources Institute, global per capita food production has been increasing substantially for the past several decades.[1] In 2006, MSNBC reported that globally, the number of people who are overweight has surpassed the number who are undernourished - the world had more than one billion people who were overweight, and an estimated 800 million who were undernourished.[2] According to a 2004 article from the BBC, China, the world's most populous country, is suffering from an obesity epidemic.[3] In India, the second-most populous country in the world, 30 million people have been added to the ranks of the hungry since the mid-1990s and 46% of children are underweight.[4]Worldwide around 852 million people are chronically hungry due to extreme poverty, while up to 2 billion people lack food security intermittently due to varying degrees of poverty (source: FAO, 2003). Six million children die of hunger every year - 17,000 every day.[5] As of late 2007, export restrictions and panic buying, US Dollar Depreciation,[6]increased farming for use in biofuels,[7]world oil prices at more than $100 a barrel,[8] global population growth,[9]climate change,[10] loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,[11][12] and growing consumer demand in China and India[13] are claimed to have pushed up the price of grain.[14][15] However, the role of some of these factors is under debate. Some argue the role of biofuel has been overplayed[16]as grain prices have come down to the levels of 2006. Nonetheless, food riots have recently taken place in many countries across the world.[17][18][19]It is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain food security in a world beset by a confluence of "peak" phenomena, namely peak oil, peak water, peak phosphorus, peak grain and peak fish. Approximately 3.3 billion people, more than half of the planet's population, live in urban areas as of November 2007. Any disruption to farm supplies may precipitate a uniquely urban food crisis in a relatively short time.[20] The ongoing global credit crisis has affected farm credits, despite a boom in commodity prices.[21] Food security is a complex topic, standing at the intersection of many disciplines.A new peer-reviewed journal of Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food began publishing in 2009.[22] In developing countries, often 70% or more of the population lives in rural areas. In that context, agricultural development among smallholderfarmers and landless people provides a livelihood for people allowing them the opportunity to stay in their communities. In many areas of the world, land ownership is not available, thus, people who want or need to farm to make a living have little incentive to improve the land.In the US, there are approximately 2,000,000 farmers, less than 1% of the population. A direct relationship exists between food consumption levels and poverty. Families with the financial resources to escape extreme poverty rarely suffer from chronic hunger, while poor families not only suffer the most from chronic hunger, but are also the segment of the population most at risk during food shortages and famines.Two commonly used definitions of food security come from the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA):∙Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social[23] and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.[24]∙Food security for a household means access by all members at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum (1) the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, and (2) an assured ability to acquireacceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (that is, withoutresorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies). (USDA)[25]The stages of food insecurity range from food secure situations tofull-scale famine. "Famine and hunger are both rooted in food insecurity. Food insecurity can be categorized as either chronic or transitory. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to famine and hunger; ensuring food security presupposes elimination of that vulnerability. [Chronic] hunger is not famine. It is similar to undernourishment and is related to poverty, existing mainly in poor countries."[26]Achieving food security"The number of people without enough food to eat on a regular basis remains stubbornly high, at over 800 million, and is not falling significantly. Over 60% of the world's undernourished people live in Asia, and a quarter in Africa. The proportion of people who are hungry, however, is greater in Africa (33%) than Asia (16%). The latest FAO figures indicate that thereare 22 countries, 16 of which are in Africa, in which the undernourishment prevalence rate is over 35%."[57]By way of comparison, in one of the largest food producing countries in the world, the United States, approximately one out of six people are "food insecure", including 17 million children, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.[58] Food insecurity is measured in the United States by questions in the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey. The questions asked are about anxiety that the household budget is inadequate to buy enough food, inadequacy in the quantity or quality of food eaten by adults and children in the household, and instances of reduced food intake or consequences of reduced food intake for adults and for children.[59]A National Academy of Sciences study commissioned by the USDA criticized this measurement and the relationship of "food security" to hunger, adding "it is not clear whether hunger is appropriately identified as the extreme end of the food security scale."[60]In its "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003", FAO states that:[61]'In general the countries that succeeded in reducing hunger were characterised by more rapid economic growth and specifically more rapid growth in their agricultural sectors. They also exhibited slower population growth, lower levels of HIV and higher ranking in the Human Development Index'.As such, according to FAO, addressing agriculture and population growth is vital to achieving food security. Other organisations and people (e.g. Peter Singer) have come to this same conclusion, and advocate improvements in agriculture and population control.[62]USAID[63] proposes several key steps to increasing agriculturalproductivity which is in turn key to increasing rural income and reducing food insecurity. They include:∙Boosting agricultural science and technology. Current agricultural yields are insufficient to feed the growing populations.Eventually, the rising agricultural productivity drives economic growth.∙Securing property rights and access to finance.∙Enhancing human capital through education and improved health.∙Conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms and democracy and governance based on principles of accountability and transparency in public institutions and the rule of law are basic to reducing vulnerable members of society.The UN Millennium Development Goals are one of the initiatives aimed at achieving food security in the world. In its list of goals, the first Millennium Development Goal states that the UN "is to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty", and that "agricultural productivity is likely to play a key role in this if it is to be reached on time"."Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, eradicating extremehunger and poverty depends on agriculture the most. (MDG 1 callsfor halving hunger and poverty by 2015 in relation to 1990.)Notably, the gathering of wild food plants appears to be an efficient alternative method of subsistence in tropical countries, which may play a role in poverty alleviation.[64]Food safety[1]is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2] In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.AustraliaAustralian Food Authority is working toward ensuring that all food businesses implement food safety systems to ensure food is safe to consume in a bid to halt the increasing incidence of food poisoning, this includes basic food safety training for at least one person in each business. Smart business operators know that basic food safety training improves the bottom line, staff take more pride in their work; there is less waste; and customers can have more confidence in the food they consume. Food Safety training in units of competence from a relevant training package, must be delivered by a Registered Training Organization (RTO) to enable staff to be issued with a nationally-recognised unit of competency code on their certificate. Generally this training can be completed in lessthan one day. Training options are available to suit the needs of everyone. Training may be carried out in-house for a group, in a public class, via correspondence or online. Basic food safety training includes:∙Understanding the hazards associated with the main types of food and the conditions to prevent the growth of bacteria which can cause food poisoning∙The problems associated with product packaging such as leaks in vacuum packs, damage to packaging or pest infestation, as well as problems and diseases spread by pests.∙Safe food handling. This includes safe procedures for each process such as receiving, re-packing, food storage, preparation and cooking, cooling and re-heating, displaying products, handling products when serving customers, packaging, cleaning and sanitizing, pest control, transport and delivery. Also the causes of cross contamination.∙Catering for customers who are particularly at risk of food-borne illness, including allergies and intolerance.∙Correct cleaning and sanitizing procedures, cleaning products and their correct use, and the storage of cleaning items such as brushes, mops and cloths.∙Personal hygiene, hand washing, illness, and protective clothing.People responsible for serving unsafe food can be liable for heavy fines under this new legislation, consumers are pleased that industry will be forced to take food safety seriously.[edit] ChinaMain article: Food safety in the People's Republic of ChinaFood safety is a growing concern in Chinese agriculture. The Chinese government oversees agricultural production as well as the manufacture of food packaging, containers, chemical additives, drug production, and business regulation. In recent years, the Chinese government attempted to consolidate food regulation with the creation of the State Food and Drug Administration in 2003, and officials have also been under increasing public and international pressure to solve food safety problems. However, it appears that regulations are not well known by the trade. Labels used for "green" food, "organic" food and "pollution-free" food are not well recognized by traders and many are unclear about their meaning. A survey by the World Bank found that supermarket managers had difficulty in obtaining produce that met safety requirements and found that a high percentage of produce did not comply with established standards.[6]Traditional marketing systems, whether in China or the rest of Asia, presently provide little motivation or incentive for individual farmers to make improvements to either quality or safety as their produce tends to get grouped together with standard products as it progresses through the marketing channel. Direct linkages between farmer groups and traders or ultimate buyers, such as supermarkets, can help avoid this problem. Governments need to improve the condition of many markets through upgrading management and reinvesting market fees in physical infrastructure. Wholesale markets need to investigate the feasibility of developing separate sections to handle fruits and vegetables that meet defined safety and quality standards.[7][edit] European UnionThe parliament of the European Union (EU) makes legislation in the form of directives and regulations, many of which are mandatory for member states and which therefore must be incorporated into individual countries' national legislation. As a very large organisation that exists to remove barriers to trade between member states, and into which individual member states have only a proportional influence, the outcome is often seen as an excessively bureaucratic 'one size fits all' approach. However, in relation to food safety the tendency to err on the side of maximum protection for the consumer may be seen as a positive benefit. The EU parliament is informed on food safety matters by the European Food Safety Authority.Individual member states may also have other legislation and controls in respect of food safety, provided that they do not prevent trade with other states, and can differ considerably in their internal structures and approaches to the regulatory control of food safety.[edit] GermanyThe Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV)[8]is a Federal Ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. History: Founded as Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Foresting in 1949, this name did not change until 2001. Then the name changed to Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture. At the 22nd of November 2005, the name got changed again to its current state: Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. The reason for this last change was that all the resorts should get equal ranking which was achieved by sorting the resorts alphabetically. Vision: A balanced and healthy diet with safe food, distinct consumer rights and consumerinformation for various areas of life, and a strong and sustainable agriculture as well as perspectives for our rural areas are important goals of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV). The Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety is under the control of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. It exercises several duties, with which it contributes to safer food and thereby intensifies health-based consumer protection in Germany. Food can be manufactured and sold within Germany without a special permission, as long as it does not cause any damage on consumers’ health and meets the general standards set by the legislation. However, manufacturers, carriers, importers and retailers are responsible for the food they pass into circulation. They are obliged to ensure and document the safety and quality of their food with the use of in-house control mechanisms.[edit] Hong KongIn Hong Kong SAR, the Centre for Food Safety is in charge of ensuring food sold is safe and fit for consumption.[edit] PakistanPakistan does not have an integrated legal framework but has a set of laws, which deals with various aspects of food safety. These laws, despite the fact that they were enacted long time ago, have tremendous capacity to achieve at least minimum level of food safety. However, like many other laws, these laws remain very poorly enforced. There are four laws that specifically deal with food safety. Three of these laws directly focus issues related to food safety, while the fourth, the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Act, is indirectly relevant to food safety.The Pure Food Ordinance 1960 consolidates and amends the law in relation to the preparation and the sale of foods. All provinces and some northern areas have adopted this law with certain amendments. Its aim is to ensure purity of food being supplied to people in the market and, therefore, provides for preventing adulteration. The Pure Food Ordinance 1960 does not apply to cantonment areas. There is a separate law for cantonments called "The Cantonment Pure Food Act, 1966". There is no substantial difference between the Pure Food Ordinance 1960 and The Cantonment Pure Food Act. Even the rules of operation are very much similar.Pakistan Hotels and Restaurant Act, 1976 applies to all hotels and restaurants in Pakistan and seeks to control and regulate the rates andstandard of service(s) by hotels and restaurants. In addition to other provisions, under section 22(2), the sale of food or beverages that are contaminated, not prepared hygienically or served in utensils that are not hygienic or clean is an offense. There are no express provisions for consumer complaints in the Pakistan Restaurants Act, 1976, Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 and Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Act, 1996. The laws do not prevent citizens from lodging complaints with the concerned government officials; however, the consideration and handling of complaints is a matter of discretion of the officials.[9][edit] South Korea[edit] Korea Food & Drug AdministrationKorea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA)[10]is working for food safety since 1945. It is part of the Government of South Korea.IOAS[11]-Organic Certification Bodies Registered in KFDA: "Organic" or related claims can be labelled on food products when organic certificates are considered as valid by KFDA. KFDA admits organic certificates which can be issued by 1) IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement) accredited certification bodies 2) Government accredited certification bodies - 328 bodies in 29 countries have been registered in KFDA.。
Importance of Food Security
Importance of Food SecurityFood security is a crucial issue that has been affecting the world for decades. It refers to the availability of food and access to it for all people at all times. Food security is essential for the survival and well-being of individuals, families, communities, and countries. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of food security from various perspectives.From a global perspective, food security is essential for the sustainable development of the world. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to end hunger and achieve food security by 2030. This goal is critical because hunger and malnutrition are major obstacles to economic growth and development. When people are hungry, they cannot work or learn effectively, which leads to poverty and underdevelopment. Therefore, achieving food security is essential for the sustainable development of the world.From a national perspective, food security is essential for the well-being of a country's citizens. A country that is food secure can provide its citizens with enough food to meet their nutritional needs. This, in turn, leads to healthier citizens who are more productive and can contribute to the country's economic growth. Moreover, food security is essential for national security. A country that cannot feed its citizens is vulnerable to social unrest and political instability. Therefore, ensuring food security is essential for the well-being and security of a country.From an environmental perspective, food security is essential for sustainable agriculture and the preservation of natural resources. Agriculture is the largest user of water and land resources, and it also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, sustainable agriculture practices are essential to ensure food security while preserving the environment. Moreover, food security is essential for biodiversity conservation. When people have access to a variety of nutritious foods, it reduces the pressure on a few staple crops, leading to the preservation of biodiversity.From a social perspective, food security is essential for social justice and equity. Access to food is a basic human right, and food insecurity disproportionately affects marginalized and vulnerable populations, such as women, children, and the poor. Therefore, ensuringfood security is essential for promoting social justice and equity. Moreover, food security is essential for reducing poverty and hunger, which are major social issues that affect millions of people worldwide.From an individual perspective, food security is essential for the well-being and survival of individuals and families. When people have access to enough food, they can meet their nutritional needs, which leads to better health and well-being. Moreover, food security is essential for the survival of individuals and families during emergencies, such as natural disasters or conflicts. When people have access to food during emergencies, it reduces their vulnerability and helps them cope with the crisis.In conclusion, food security is essential from various perspectives, including global, national, environmental, social, and individual. Achieving food security is critical for the sustainable development of the world, the well-being and security of countries, the preservation of natural resources, social justice and equity, and the survival and well-being of individuals and families. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that all people have access to enough food to meet their nutritional needs at all times.。
粮食问题的名句英语作文
粮食问题的名句英语作文Title: Quotations on the Issue of Food Security。
In the realm of food security, a multitude of voices from various disciplines have articulated profound insights and perspectives. Through their eloquent words, we gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and importance of ensuring food security for all. In this essay, we will explore some notable quotations on the issue of food security.1. "The first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind." Norman Borlaug。
Norman Borlaug, a renowned agronomist and Nobel laureate, emphasizes the foundational importance of food in achieving social justice. His words underscore the fundamental nature of access to adequate nutrition as a basic human right.2. "Hunger is not an issue of charity. It is an issue of justice." Jacques Diouf。
关于世界粮食日的英语作文
关于世界粮食日的英语作文英文回答：World Food Day, celebrated annually on October 16, serves as a reminder of the pressing global issue of hunger and malnutrition. Established in 1979 by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), it aims to raise awareness about the importance of food security and sustainable agriculture.This year, World Food Day focuses on the theme "LeaveNo One Behind." It emphasizes the urgent need to addressthe disparities in access to food and nutrition that affect vulnerable populations worldwide. The FAO highlights the importance of creating inclusive food systems that provide equitable opportunities for all to produce, access, and consume nutritious food.Addressing global hunger requires a multifaceted approach involving governments, international organizations,civil society, and individuals. Governments play a crucial role in establishing policies and regulations that support sustainable agriculture, promote nutrition education, and provide social safety nets for vulnerable populations.International organizations, such as the FAO, the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), collaborate to provide humanitarian assistance, implement development programs,and advocate for global food security.Civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in raising awareness, mobilizing resources, and providing direct assistance to communities affected by hunger and malnutrition. They work alongside local farmers and communities to implement sustainable agricultural practices, improve nutrition, and empower individuals to take control of their food security.Individuals can also make a difference by reducing food waste, supporting sustainable agriculture, and advocatingfor policies that address the root causes of hunger. Byadopting mindful consumption habits, promoting healthyeating practices, and engaging in community outreach programs, individuals can contribute to a more food-secure future.中文回答：世界粮食日。
FDA食品安全计划FSMA范本
FDA食品安全计划FSMA范本1. 引言本文档旨在提供FDA食品安全计划（FSMA）的范本，以帮助食品企业制定符合该计划要求的食品安全计划。
FSMA是为了确保美国的食品供应链安全而制定的法规。
2. 目标食品企业制定食品安全计划的目标是保障食品的安全性和质量。
本计划旨在提供一系列管理措施和实施指南，以防止食品中的污染物和有害物质的产生和传播。
3. 内容食品安全计划应包括以下内容：3.1 风险分析食品企业应针对其生产过程和食品供应链进行风险分析，确定可能存在的食品安全风险，并进行评估和管理。
3.2 预防控制措施基于风险分析的结果，食品企业应制定预防控制措施，以降低食品安全风险。
这些措施应明确阐述如何控制潜在的污染源和有害物质。
3.3 供应商验证食品企业应确保其供应商符合相关的食品安全规定，并进行供应商验证工作。
这包括评估供应商的能力和依据食品安全标准管理食品生产过程。
3.4 监控计划食品企业应制定有效的监控计划，以确保预防控制措施的有效实施。
监控计划应涵盖关键控制点的监测和记录，以便及时发现和处理食品安全问题。
3.5 紧急事件应对食品企业应制定紧急事件应对计划，以处理突发的食品安全问题。
该计划应包括紧急状况的定义、相关人员的职责和应对措施等内容。
3.6 记录和文件管理食品企业应建立完善的记录和文件管理系统，以记录食品安全计划的执行情况、监控结果和紧急事件的处理过程。
记录和文件应妥善保存，以备后续审查和检查。
4. 结论本文档提供了FDA食品安全计划（FSMA）的范本，旨在帮助食品企业制定符合该计划要求的食品安全计划。
食品企业应根据自身情况进行适当的调整和改进，以确保食品的安全性和质量。
以上为范本内容，供参考使用。
fao粮食安全定义
fao粮食安全定义FAO（联合国粮食及农业组织）粮食安全是指人们在任何时候都能够获得足够的安全、营养丰富的食品，以维持其健康和积极的生活。
粮食安全是人类基本权利的一部分，目标是消除饥饿、提高营养水平、改善生活质量和保障社会稳定。
粮食安全问题是全球性的挑战，涉及到农业生产、食品供应链、环境变化、经济发展等多个领域。
FAO通过制定政策、提供技术支持和协助国家制定战略来解决粮食安全问题。
农业生产是实现粮食安全的基础。
FAO通过推广可持续农业实践、提高农民的技术能力和促进农业现代化来增加粮食产量。
此外，FAO 还支持农民应对气候变化等不可控因素的能力，帮助他们减少损失并增强抵御风险的能力。
食品供应链的可靠性和透明度对粮食安全至关重要。
FAO通过加强食品安全监管、提高食品质量和安全标准、改善食品储存和运输等方面的工作来保障食品供应链的安全和稳定。
FAO还鼓励国际间的合作和信息分享，以提高全球食品供应链的效率和质量。
环境变化对粮食安全造成了威胁。
气候变化、土地退化和水资源短缺等问题都对农业生产和粮食供应产生了影响。
FAO通过开展农业适应性研究、推广节水灌溉技术和改善土地管理来应对环境变化。
经济发展也与粮食安全密切相关。
FAO通过支持农村发展、提高农民收入和改善农村基础设施来促进经济发展，从而增加人们获得食品的能力。
FAO还鼓励农村地区与城市地区的合作，促进农产品的流通和市场的发展。
除了以上方面的工作，FAO还致力于减少食品浪费和损失、提高营养水平、改善妇女和儿童的营养状况等。
FAO提倡可持续发展，鼓励人们采取环保的生活方式，减少对自然资源的消耗，以保障粮食安全。
FAO粮食安全的定义是人们在任何时候都能够获得足够的安全、营养丰富的食品。
实现粮食安全需要综合考虑农业生产、食品供应链、环境变化、经济发展等多个因素，FAO通过制定政策、提供技术支持和协助国家制定战略来解决粮食安全问题。
FAO的工作涵盖了农业生产、食品供应链、环境变化和经济发展等多个方面，旨在消除饥饿、提高营养水平、改善生活质量和保障社会稳定。
fao标准
fao标准
FAO标准是指国际粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)制定的一系列标准，旨在增加食品安全、保障质量、提高农业和畜牧业生产的效率。
FAO标准主要包括以下几类：
1. 食品标准：规定了各种食品的质量、安全、保存和生产等方面的要求。
其中较为著名的是《国际食品法典》(Codex Alimentarius)。
2. 动物饲料标准：规定了动物饲料的质量和成分要求，以保障动物的健康和生产性能。
3. 肥料标准：规定了各种肥料的材料、成分和使用方法等，以增加农业产量和质量。
4. 植物保护标准：规定了各种农药的使用方法、剂量和安全要求等，以控制和防止植物病害和害虫的危害。
5. 水质标准：规定了各种水质的要求和限制，以保障水源的质量和使用安全。
6. 渔产品标准：规定了各种渔产品的质量和安全要求，以保障渔业资源的可持续开发和利用。
FAO标准对于保障全球食品安全和发展农业经济具有重要作用，各国应积极参与制定和执行。
世界卫生组织食品安全工作背景
世界卫生组织食品安全工作背景- 1948年，世界卫生组织成立，负责人类健康。
WHO宪章中与食品安全有关的特别职责：In 1948, WHO was founded, with responsibilities covering human health and, in particular, a mandate to establish food standards-协助政府部门加强与食品安全有关的卫生服务-促进改善营养、卫生设备和环境卫生-制订食品国际标准-协助在大众中宣传食品安全- 1950年，联合国粮食和农业组织/世界卫生组织联合召开营养、食品添加剂和相关方面的专家会议In 1950, Joint FAO/WHO expert meetings begin on nutrition, food additives and related areas - 1953年，世界卫生组织最高权力机构，世界卫生大会，声明食品工业广泛使用化学品带来了新的公共卫生问题，需要予以关注In 1953, WHO’s highest governing body, the World Health Assembly, states that the widening use of chemicals in the food industry presents a new public health problem that needs attention- 1963年，世界卫生大会批准成立联合国粮食和农业组织/世界卫生组织联合食品标准项目并通过食品法典委员会章程In 1963 the World Health Assembly approves establishment of the joint FAO/WHO Foodstandards Programme and adopts the Statutes of the Codex Alimentarious Commission- 1978年，世界卫生大会要求总干事开展食品安全项目，解决食源性疾病和食品卫生的控制问题。
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Committee: Food and Agricultural OrganizationGrade Level: Montessori 4-9Topic: Food Security and SafetyTopic BackgroundFood security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and health life. -1996 World Food SummitHunger is the result of a lack of food, whereas malnourishment can be the result of a lack or food or a lack of food diversity.i There are almost 1 billion people who are hungry and another 1 billion who are malnourished in the world.ii The core mission of the FAO is to eradicate hunger and malnourishment.iii This mission coincides with the UN Millennium Goal to drastically reduce poverty and eliminate hunger by 2015.There are four different dimensions that influence and define food security: the physical availability of food, economic and physical access to food, food utilization, and stability of the other three dimensions over time.iv The physical availability of food refers to the level of production and supply of food. Economic and physical access to food refers to a household’s ability to obtain an adequate share of the food supply. A household’s ability to do so may be effected by household income and market prices. Food utilization refers to our ability to derive health amounts of nutrients and energy from our diets. The long term stability of these dimensions is important because food security can fluctuate on a daily basis since humans need to consume food each day to remain healthy. In order to achieve food security, there must be an adequate supply of food that we have access to that provides us with necessary nutrients on a daily basis. Essentially, all dimensions must be met in order to have food security.The two types of food insecurity are chronic food insecurity that might result from extended periods of poverty and transitory food insecurity that might result from short-term fluctuations in food production, prices, and household incomes.v In order to overcome chronic food insecurity, long term development measures must be put in place to address poverty. Since transitory food insecurity is often unpredictable, safety net programs are necessary for when transitory food insecurity strikes. Examples of safety nets include free or subsidized meals in school, soup kitchens, and food stamps.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) quantifies hunger by measuring “undernourishment”.vi “Undernourishment” occurs when a population’s average food consumption is less than a pre-determined level based on what is necessary to sustain light physical activities. The degree of undernourishment indicates the degree to which food consumption falls below the level necessary to sustain light physical activity. Poverty and hunger are closely intertwined since poverty leads to hunger and malnutrition leads to low productivity, stunted development, and difficulty escaping poverty.viiPast ActionsThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights established the basic human right that everyone is entitled to “a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services…”viii This part of the Declaration of Human Rights articulates the right to food security and freedom from hunger and malnourishment.In addition to the Declaration of Human Rights’ provision regarding access to food, there are various conventions and agreements that have been approved by the FAO in the last 50 years:ix•1965 Agreement for the Establishment of a Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region•1970 Agreement for the Establishment of a Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in North-West Africa•1973 Agreement for the Establishment of a Regional Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific•1993 Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas•1999 Agreement for the Establishment of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI)•2000 Agreement for the Establishment of a Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Western Region•2001 International Treaty on Plan Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture•2009 Agreement on the Central Asian and Caucasus Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Commission•2009 Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated FishingPossible SolutionsThe FAO believes that the eradication of hunger relies on a shift toward sustainable food production and consumption and improvements in national management of food systems. Technological innovation can enhance the efficiency and production levels in the agricultural industry.x Technology that increases the FAOs ability to gather, analyze, and disperse information helps farmers plan their crops and helps the FAO keep track of global statistics.xi For these reasons, the FAO is currently investing in the development of information management systems to collect and disperse data on the fish, forest, crop, and livestock industries and provide early warnings of the spread of pests and disease or climate changes.xii The FAO is also making efforts to decentralize so that it can work more closely with the field and local leaders. This will allow the FAO to disperse its expert knowledge more directly to farmers, scientists, and policy makers.xiiiFurther ResearchQuestions to consider:•What types of food security crises has your country experienced in its history, and how did the government respond?•Does your country export any food products to the international community? If so, what sectors?•What types of future food security crises might your country be particularly vulnerable to?•How could your country benefit from the use of centralized information management systems from the FAO?Resources:•FAO hompage: /about/en/•UN Millennium Development Goals: /millenniumgoals/•Universal Declaration of Human Rights:/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml•List of all FAO agreements and conventions: /legal/treaties/treaties-under-article-xiv/en/•FAO country profiles: /countryprofiles/default/en/?lang=eni An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. The European Commission - FAO Food Security Program, 2008. 18 August 2012 </docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf>ii FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>iii FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>iv An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. The European Commission - FAO Food Security Program, 2008. 18 August 2012 </docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf>v An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. The European Commission - FAO Food Security Program, 2008. 18 August 2012 </docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf>vi An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. The European Commission - FAO Food Security Program, 2008. 18 August 2012 </docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf>vii An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security. The European Commission - FAO Food Security Program, 2008. 18 August 2012 </docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf>viii Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations. 18 August 2012</en/documents/udhr/index.shtml>ix Treaties Under Article XIV of the FAO Constitution. FAO Legal Office. 18 August 2012. </legal/treaties/treaties-under-article-xiv/en/>x FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>xi FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>xii FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>xiii FAO Impact: Turning Knowledge Into Action. United Nations, 2012. 18 August 2012</docrep/015/i2763e/i2763e00.pdf>。