英语翻译Tips

中国学历的标准翻译
《中华人民共和国学位条例》“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People’s Republic of China”结业证书Certificate of Completion
毕业证书Certificate of Graduation
肄业证书Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/ Attendance/Study
教育学院College/Institute of Education
中学Middle[Secondary] School
师范学校Normal School[upper secondary level]
师范专科学校Normal Specialised Postsecondary College
师范大学Normal[Teachers] University
公正书Notarial Certificate
专科学校Postsecondary Specialised College
广播电视大学Radio and Television University
中等专科学校Secondary Specialised School
自学考试Self-Study Examination
技工学校Skilled Workers[Training] School
业余大学Spare-Time University
职工大学Staff and Workers University
大学University(regular,degree-granting)
职业大学Vocational Univers
时尚新词语英译
1、追星族 fan of celebrity
My sister is a fan of celebrity,who admires those famous singers and movie stars.
2、侃价 to bargain
If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.
3、知识经济 knowledge economics
This is the time of knowledge economics.
4、曝光 to expose
Radios and Televisions exposed the crimes of those corrupt officials.
5、最低工资 minimum wage
Some staff members can only get the minimum wage.
6、下岗工人 laid-off worker
The laid-off worker can get 300 yuan unemployment allowance per month from the goverment.
7、走俏 to sell well
The book sells well.
8、法盲 ignorant of law
Don't you think he is an ignorant of law?
9、市价 market price
Actually the price I've offered is 10% lower than the market price.
10、AA制 to go fifty fifty/to go Duntch
Let's go Duntch,ok?
11、直销 direct sales to customers
Many manufacturers adopt the strategy of direct sales to customers.
12、一步到位 to settle a matter at one go
We'd better settle the matter at one go.
13、泡沫经济 bubble economy
The economic crisis is the direct result of bubble economy.
14、名人效应 social influence of celebrities
Many enterprises want to take advantage of the social influence of celebrities to make their products well know.
15、假日经济 holiday economics
Holiday economics brought a lot of profits to hotels and tourism.
16、买单 to pay the bill
It is your turn to pay the bill.
17、自助餐 Buffet meal
I think Buffet meals are cheap and nice.
18、再就业工程 project to reemploy laid-off workers
The goverment launched a project to reemploy laid-off workers two years ago.
19、拳头产品 competitive products
The competitive products of our company are quality air conditioners.
20、热门话题 popular topic
Nowadays 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is a popular topic in China.
21、人体炸弹 suicide bomb
Three US soldiers were killed in yesterday's suicide bombing.
22、网吧 Internet bar
Many teenagers are so addicted to Internet bars that they've given up their school studies.
23、网友Internet buddies
I have made a lot of Internet buddies.
24、轰动效应sensational effect
The new measure caused a sensational effect.
25、举报 to denounce
The victim has denounced him to the police.
26、公众人物 publicly known figure
The publicly known figures have their own problem,too.
27、裁员to cut staff members
Some airline companies are planning to cut staff members.
28、宰人to overcharge
Some peddlers overcharge too much.
29、中彩to win the lottery
Rory won $50 million in the California lottery.
30、反恐to fight against terrorism
We are supportive of fighting against terrorism.
经典中文语句英译
但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。

A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。

The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
二人同心，其利断金。

If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。

It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。

A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step.
祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。

Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。

On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。

This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.
举头望明月，低头思故乡。

Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。

All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
君子成人之美，不成人之恶。

The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.
君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。

A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.
君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。

君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。

The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.
老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love of the you ng ones in one’s family to that of other families.
礼尚往来。

往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。

Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa. 两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day?
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I’ll search with my will unbending.
民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。

The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.
千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。

A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney’s chink.
锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。

Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved.
人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。

People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.
人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。

Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade.
三人行，必有我师焉。

择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided.
士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。

仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦远乎？
An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course. Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death?
士之为人，当理不避其难，临患忘利，遗生行义，视死如归。

A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth, discards personal interests in front of disaster, practices righteousness at the expense of life, and looks upon death as going home. 逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。

The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.
顺天者存，逆天者亡。

Those who follow the Heaven’s law will survive; those who go against it will perish.
天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益
其所不能。

When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abilities. 天生我才必有用。

Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.
天时不如地利，地利不如人和。

Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.
天行健，君子以自强不息。

As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.
温故而知新，可以为师矣。

He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后治国，国治而后天下平。

Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified; thoughts purified, hearts rectified; hearts rectified, personalities cultivated; personalities cultivated, families regulated; families regulated, the states well governed; the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.
相见时难别亦难。

It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.
学不可以已。

青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。

君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。

There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant; so is the ice colder than the water. By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger.
学而不厌，诲人不倦。

Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching.
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。

Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。

It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
玉不琢，不成器。

人不学，不知义。

As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object, a man without learning will not know the Way.
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。

We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs. /
Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.
在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。

In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.
不登高山，不知天之厚也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。

One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.
大道之行也，天下为公。

A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails.
大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。

The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
丹青不知老将近，富贵于我如浮云。

Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming; indeed, to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.
曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。

To be part is to be whole; to be bent is to be straight; to be hollow is to be filled; to be worn out is to be renewed; to have little is to have more; to have much is to be confused.
翻译的灵活与原则
翻译中，灵活性和原则性是涉及语言效果和传达原意的两个方面。

缺乏灵活性会影响表达效果，如“月亮代表我的心”若“忠实地”翻译为“The moon stands for my heart”就不如灵活地翻译为“The moon reflects my mood”(字面意思：月亮反映我的心情)更容易理解，因为世界各地都“月有阴晴圆缺，人有悲欢离合”。

“曲高和寡”在绝大多数情况下是一个比喻的说法，译为“Highbrow songs finds few singers”就很难传达实际应用中的意义。

笔者认为翻译成“High art is hard to understand”或“Elegance means loneliness”(高雅意味着孤独)更妥。

又如，把“日出江花红胜火”翻译为“The flowers in river are redder than fire when the sun rises”就不像是写景的句子，译为“Beneath the rising sun, rivers are aflame with flowers in bloom”才有诗意。

(字面意思：旭日冉冉，江花盛开江如燃)
缺乏灵活性有时还会损害原则性。

英语中gallant有“英勇”和“善于讨好女性”两方面意思，和汉语中“风流”
确实对应得很好，但很多专家对号入座地把“大江东去，浪淘尽千古风流人物”中的“风流人物”翻译为gallant heroes，会让人误以为周瑜、诸葛亮等在战场上和情场上都是高手。

其实只要译成heroes就可以了。

结合中国历史整句话可以翻译为：“Chinese history sees Yangtze run; thousands years and myriad heroes, with rolling waves are gone”。

英国人和美国人都认为这种译法最佳，不仅因为本词的主题是怀古，“中国历史目睹长江奔流”和“随着滚滚波涛千秋岁月和无数英雄已经远走”能给人以岁月沧桑的感觉，而且美国的小说<<飘>>(Gone with the Wind)广为人知，享有盛誉。

笔者所遇到的最棘手的问题是翻译“士为知己者死，女为悦己者容”。

直接译为“A gentleman dies for one who knows his heart; a woman makes up her face for one who pleases her”不仅不适于多数场合，而且一有人讨好就梳妆打扮，把女的说成“三陪”之类的人了。

事实上，“士为知己者死”是一种态度和决心，不仅仅是行动；“女为悦己者容”也不是“让她高兴她就梳妆打扮”。

“容”体现的是对美好生活的向往，“悦己者”也不是随便来讨好的人，而应该理解为触动她心弦的人。

简言之，前句谈事业，后句谈生活，因此可以译为“A true man is ready to die a loyal death for those who know the worth of him; a woman is eager to live a happy life with one who touches the chord in her”。

(字面意思：男人忠于知道自己价值的人并会为之慷慨赴死，女人渴望和触动自己心弦的人过着幸福的生活)
文艺翻译要讲究灵活性，对专业术语和政治用语的翻译则要讲究原则性。

例如，外语教学中的eclecticism 无论从内涵和词源上看都是“博采众长”，却被译为“折衷主义”，褒义词几乎成了贬义词。

台湾问题在国内的很多英文报刊上被说成“Taiwan issue”，但从政治意义上讲台湾问题是一个注定了要有answer的question，不是一个可以众说纷纭的issue，我们没必要和西方媒体保持一致。

汉译英句式举例
2003年，全市房地资源系统以原房地资源局、住宅局两局职能整合为契机，围绕支柱产业定位、市民居住条件改善、行业改革发展，努力推进各项工作，完成了全年任务。

With the merging of Shanghai Housing and Land Resources Administration and Shanghai Residential Housing Development Administration, various authorities in the housing and land resources sector made remarkable progress in erecting the real estate industry as the city’s economic backbone, improving the living condit ions of local inhabitants, restructuring and developing the real estate industry, successfully completing the preset goals for the year 2003.
解决125万平方米无人管理小区问题
1.(The government) covered 1.25 million square meters of residential quarters, which otherwise were uncovered with property management.
2. Solutions were given to 1.25 million square meters of residential quarters, which otherwise were uncovered with property management.
3. The residential quarters where property management resumed covered an area of 1.25 million square meters.
农用地转为建设用地
give land for agricultural use to cater to the demands of urban development
经营性用地出让公开招标地块184幅
184 pieces of land were bidden for commercial use
该市大力推进土地公开招标，严格控制邀请招标和协议出让的比例。

The city actively promoted the open bidding system for the use of land and strictly controlled the proportion of bid-winners among bidders.
with the housing estate formal completion of 257.5
住宅竣工量257.5万平方米”
整体推进国有企业改革
2003年，集团通过新闻通气会、组织洽谈、上门推介、举办“2003年上海电气国企改制引资引智产权交易洽谈会”等形式，向社会公众披露百余项国有企业改制项目，资产总量达80余亿元产权交易的信息，其范围涉及电站、输配电、通用石化机械、机床机械、工程动力机械、重型机械、家用电器、机械基础件等诸多行业。

Propel the Reform of the State-owned Enterprise
In 2003, Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation disclosed over one hundred programs of state-owned enterprise restructuring by holding press conferences, initiating trade talks, actively promoting these programs to interest parties and holding the “Talk of Property Rights Tra nsaction and Investment and Talent Attraction in the Restructuring Process of Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation as a State-owned Enterprise 2003 ”. These disclosed restructuring programs, involving an amount of property rights transactions of over RMB 8 billion, covered a spectrum of sectors including power station, power transmission and distribution, general-purpose petrochemical machinery, machine tool machinery, power-driven engineering machinery, heavy machinery, household appliances and basic machinery parts.
已建成的汽车碰撞实验室、排放实验室、耐久实验室等多个汽车检测项目，可满足中国规定的机动车47项强制检验项目的检测和产品型式认证、质量监督、环保认证、进出口检验等需求。

The collision lab, emission lab, endurance lab and other inspection facilities in the Center adequately cater to the 47 items of compulsory inspection for motor vehicles as required by the Chinese government and various other inspections for the purpose of certification of product models, quality supervision, certification of environmental protection and import and export.
产业聚焦战略
改变“大而不强，散而不精”状况，进行产业聚焦，把资金、人才等资源进一步聚焦到有发展空间、发展能力、发展条件的4大核心产业，形成新一轮发展的产业格局。

Core sector strategy
Although the Group had a large number and variety of businesses under its flag, it was weak in competitive strength as the performance of these businesses desired improvement. To put an end to this, a continuous flow of capitals, talents and other resources were directed to the four core sectors, namely power station, power transmission and distribution, mechatronics, transportation and environmental protection equipment manufacturing. With great capability and potential of development, the four sectors were becoming the core of the Group’s industrial structure in the next wave of rapid growth.
信息化带动战略
以信息化带动工业化，瞄准工业自动化技术，集中力量进行攻关，从根本上解决“机强电弱”的问题，不断提升产品能极。

Informationization strategy
With an attempt to fuel industrialization with informationization, the Group targeted and pooled great efforts in industrial automation technology. By continuously upgrading the energy levels of products, the Group attempted to give an ultimate solution to the problem of imbalanced development between its machinery and electricity sector, in which
the former was stronger than the latter.
成套突破战略
以系统集成技术为基础，以成套公司为载体，以大项目为依托，以关键人才为保证，以服务为延伸，在国家重点工程和项目中大显身手，使政府认可、社会认同、世界认知。

Whole equipment strategy
Based on system integration technology, with whole equipment manufacturers as vessels, depending on big projects, supported by key talent, and by offering better services, the Group was actively preparing to play a big role in key projects and programs of the state and gain recognitions from the government, the society and the world.
合资合作升级战略
抓住国际产业转移的大好机遇，从单一产品的合资上升到产品系列合资；从合资企业数量的增加，上升到合资企业质量的提高；从与国际大公司组建合资企业，上升到与国际大公司的全方位合作。

Cooperation upgrading strategy
The Group grasped the opportunities arising from the global trend of relocation of manufacturing activities, upgrading the joint venture of single products to that of serial products, upgrading the development of joint ventures in numbers to in quality and expanding the cooperation with international corporate giants in forming joint ventures to full scale cooperation.
集团确立了海外经济向功能化发展、对外出口向基地化发展、零部件合作向零级化发展的工作重点
The Group also decided to focus its efforts on continuously improving the functionality of its overseas operations, consolidating its export base, and enhancing the cooperation between components manufacturers and whole-vehicle manufacturers.
Pp: 零级化具体解释不明确,所以无法直接翻译.若有高人知道请email我
外交部长李肇星先后会见九国外长
五大企业先后降价能否挽救不断下滑的车市successively或in succession
主导产品leading products，mainstream products
signature products私应为“招牌产品”。

年度的增加值达到了历史最高水平hit a record high，还是创了新高set a new record
Inflation and market interest rates are far ahead of Alan Greenspan's federal funds rate, which he raised yesterday to 1.25 percent. Now the nation will see how well Mr. Greenspan, the Federal Reserve chairman, plays the game of catch-up.
通货膨胀率和市场利率已大大超过联邦储备利率，格林斯潘在六月三十日已将联邦储备利率提升至 1.25%。

现在国人正拭目以待，看看格林斯潘，美联储主席是如何打好联邦储备利率与通货膨胀率和市场利率关系这副牌。

Pp: 你跑我追的游戏
合同全年成交金额（不含提成、入股）
Contracted amount (excluding dividends and shares)
版权引进国家和地区” 以及“版权输出国家和地区”
Countries and regions of copyright origin
Destination of copyright export
上海企业境外收购、参股的发展趋势比较明显。

全市外经企业新签对外工程承包和劳务合作合同业绩良好。

There’s an emerging trend for Sh anghai-based enterprises to engage in overseas acquisitions and take up shares in overseas-based companies. The newly signed contracts by the city’s overseas economic cooperation companies of international construction contracting and labor service performed well.
（专利权）独占许可=Exclusive license
普通许可=Simple license
相互许可=cross license
外经企业overseas operating enterprises; transnational corporations; enterprises operating overseas
提前报关、实货放行
Customs declaration is submitted and completed prior to the arrival of imported cargoes, upon which they can be picked up immediately.
自2001年11月1日起在上海地区对进口货物实施"提前报检、提前报关、实货放行"的通关新模式：舱单提前传输，把单证处理时间前移至运输工具抵港前完成，货物到港即可提取。

大大缩短了进口货物在口岸的滞留时间。

跨关区“快速通关”项目
Speedy customs clearance for transcustoms-boundary transportation of cargoes
中文释义：一是以口岸快速通过、内地快速验放为突破口，实现通关作业一次申报、一次查验、一次放行的新模式。

进口货物作业方式，实行进口转关货物的收货人或代理人向内地海关办理"提前报关"手续，口岸海关凭内地海关传输的提前报关电子数据直接办理口岸转关手续。

同时，也可采取"直接转关"的办法，即进口转关货物的收货人或代理人直接在口岸办理转关手续，内地海关凭口岸海关传输的转关数据办理货物的进口手续；对出口货物的转关，出口货物发货人向内地海关报关时，以订舱的，发货人在启运地海关办妥出口报关手续后，可直接在口岸海关办理货物的出境和结关手续。

对尚未订舱的出口货物，发货人可在转关货物运抵口岸后补录入出口转关数据，再在口岸海关办理出口货物的结关和核销手续。

该办法由海关总署制定。

保税区内企业“空运直通式”通关
Airfreight cargoes are transported to the Bonded Area upon arrival at the airport, followed by “one-stop” customs services completed within the Bonded Area.
指保税区内的空运货物在飞机抵港后，由指定货代和专用监管车辆直接进入机场地面代理提取货物直送保税区指定仓库，区内企业只要收到区内直通式监管仓库发出的到货通知，即可向海关办理报关手续，并直接去区内监管仓库办理"检验检疫"和提货手续的通关方式。

本质上是机场监管仓库的功能被延伸至保税区内，检验检疫职能同时移入保税区，企业报关、报检、提货在区内实现了"一站式"作业。

加工贸易联网监视模式
Network monitoring on processing trade
气候因素的另一特点是冬季寒冷，日温差较大。

非常有利于辐射逆温的形成，特别是静风晴朗天气条件下，更有利于逆温的形成，逆温层发育的强度和厚度都大大增加，像一个厚厚的盖子压在城市的上空，污染物很难扩散出去，使排放的各种空气污染物极易在局部聚集，形成了高浓度区，使城市空气质量大大超过国家三级或二
级标准。

Another climatic characteristic is cold winter with large daily temperature difference, favoring thermal inversion especially in clear and windless days. In such time both the strength and thickness of thermal inversion are tremendously increased so that the whole city is like to be covered by a huge blanket keeping the air pollutant form dispersal. The locally trapped air pollutants of high concentration often break the upper limits of Grade II or even III of National Air Quality Standard.
XXX会议/活动/展览盛况空前is in unprecedented prosperity
“清真餐厅”是不是Muslim Restaurant
pp: Muslim是指信仰Islam教的信徒。

形容饭店或膳食，一般用“Muslim”，而不是“Islamic”。

排行榜top list
在高起点上...... 比如，在高起点上求发展，在高起点上攀高峰...... based on high requirement
整体收购overall acquisition
拉关系establish underhanded connection
走后门have underhanded dealings
组织力量攻关pool human and financial resources to tackle the crucial problems
全市现有连锁商业业态69种，业态种类保持全国领先
With 69 types of retail commerce, the city is a national leader in the varieties of retail commerce.
商业网点commercial outlets
买期、卖期保值合计sum of hedge sold and bought
按单边计算in terms of unilateral calculation
成功推介了多个集合资金信托计划
It successfully launched a number of collective trust investment programs.
2003年，上海共有10家公司通过发行新股、配股、增发新股、可转债筹资77.67亿元，占沪市筹资总额（689.9亿元）的11.26%；约占全国筹资总额的10%。

（2002年上海上市公司筹资70.11亿元，占全国9.4%。

）
By issuing new shares, offering, additional offering and issuing convertible debt, ten Shanghai-based companies raised RMB 7.767 billion in 2003, claiming 11.26% of the total amount raised in Shanghai securities market and 10% in the national market. (Listed companies in Shanghai raised RMB 7.011 billion in 2002, claiming 9.4% in the national market.)
部分证券公司因违规经营被撤销或停业整顿。

A number of securities companies were closed or temporary closed for reorganizing because of irregular operations.
配股>> allotment of shares; 增發新股>> issuing additional new common shares
a government security-clearance card：政府安全合格证（通过安全部门甄别）
1998年城镇居民的收入和消费水平发生了很大的变化，人年均收入达到5160元，比上一年上升了3.4%。

In 1998, great changes took place in the income and consumption levels of urban residents. The yearly average income amounted to 5,160 yuan, increased by 3.4% than that of the previous year.
工人和职员在国营和集体企业里的收入仍是家庭的主要收入。

从事科技工作的收入在全国12个主要行业中居第二位。

他们的教育水平越高，收入也相应增加。

Incomes of workers and staff members in the state-owned enterprises and collective work-units are still the mainstay of families' income. The income of scientific and technology researchers stood second in 12 main trades in the country. Their incomes increase according to their education level.
最近几年，城镇居民消费结构由温饱型向小康型转变。

1998年在服装上支出降低了4.4%，食品的质量有了提高，粮食消费相应降低。

生活节奏的加快促使了餐饮的社会化，98年居民外出用餐的比例上升了10.4%。

In recent years, the consumption pattern of urban residents has transformed from subsistence to a comfortable life. For instance, in 1998, the money spent on clothing was 4.4 percent less and the quality of food was improved while the consumption of grain relatively reduced. The accelerating rhythm of life has encouraged more socialization in food consumption. In 1998, the rate of people dining out increased by 10.4%.
浦东新区的崛起使这块黄金宝地成为海外投资的热点，如今投资金额已达530亿美金。

The rising of Pudong New District has turned the valuable place into a hot destination of overseas investment. Nowadays the investment volume has reached 53 billion US dollars.
2000年，政府批准了1800多家外资企业，在沪投资企业已达11000家，据官方数据统计，已有90多个国家和地区来沪投资。

In 2000, government approved more than 1,800 foreign-funded enterprises and the number of them has amounted to 11,000 in Shanghai. Official statistics showed that more than 90 countries and regions had come to invest in Shanghai.
独资企业solely-funded enterprise;
合资企业joint venture enterprise;
中国要从发展中国家成为发达国家就必须大力发展第三产业。

China must boost its tertiary industry to accomplish its transition from a developing country to a developed country.
虎丘山顶有一座7层塔，由于明朝的地面沉降使塔身倾斜了15度。

如今，这座塔成为苏州的著名景观。

There is a 7 stories pagoda at the top of Tiger Hill. The subsidence during Ming Dynasty caused it to slant to an angle of 15 degrees. Today, the pagoda has become a famous scenic spot in Suzhou.
在上海, 超过50000的妇女从事纺织，建材，食品加工，化妆品和药品行业。

In Shanghai, more than 50,000 women are engaged in fields of textile, building material, food procession, cosmetic and chemicals.
建立于1953年的上海外国语学校是一所全日制寄宿学校，它附属于上海外国语大学。

Founded in 1953, Shanghai foreign language school is a full-time boarding school, which is affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的多民族国家。

因此有很多节日，譬如春节，元宵节，中秋节，清明节，龙舟节等等。

China is a multi-ethnic group country with a long history. Thus there are a lot of festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Mid-autumn Day, Pure-brightness Day, Dragon-boating Festival and so on.
中美两国在新世纪面临历史机遇，两国之间的合作范围广泛，其实1999年双边贸易金额已达650万美金。

China and US are facing historical opportunity in the new century. There is much these two countries can cope with. Actually in 1999, the sum of bilateral trades had reached 6.5 million US dollars.
外国人钟情于吃尽可能少加工过的天然食物。

Foreigners have shown particular interest in the natural food that requires the least possible amount of procession.
Phrases and Expressions:
苏绣embroidery
纺织工业textile industry
1700年历史the tradition of 1700 years
山清水秀怪石beautiful mountain and lake, exotic rocks
"统得太死" channel sb. too much
美籍华人Chinese-Americans
出租车站taxi stand
家用电器household appliance
这家新建的四星级宾馆是一家中美合资企业。

由于它的先进管理和周到服务，每年它要招待许多来自海内外的游客。

The newly established four-star hotel is a Sino-US joint venture. Because of its advanced administration and good service, it hosts many quests and tourists of home and abroad every year.
自中国改革开放以来，我的家乡已经成为海内外投资的热点。

Since China's reform and opening up to outside world, our hometown has become the hot destination of both domestic and overseas investment.
2000年我家的人均收入达到12500，比1999年上升了4.8%，在教育与旅游上的消费分
别上升了8.7%和5.9%。

In 2000, the yearly average income of each person in our family has reached 12,500 yuan, 4.8 percent higher than that of the previous year. Meanwhile the money spent on education and tourism increased by 8.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.
在我们公司，职员的收入取决于他的教育程度和对公司的贡献大小。

In our company, the salaries of staff members are decided on the basis of their education levels and their contributions to the company.
以前，国营企业职工的收入取决于职位，学历和工龄。

In previous years, the salaries of staff members in state-owned enterprises are decided on the basis of title, education level and working-age.。