课件8：Grammar

2. 作表语 动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语所具有的特征或属性， 这时通常可以把其看作形容词。 His job is boring. The noise was frightening. The news was really exciting. The story he told us was really terrifying.
4. 作状语 动词-ing形式后面跟宾语和/或状语，构成动词-ing短 语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等。 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. (时间状语) Living far from the school, I have to get up early every morning. (原因状语) She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg. (结果状语)
请用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Generally __sp__ea_k__in_g__ (speak), women live
longer than men. 2. _N__o_t_k_n_o_w__in_g_ (not know) where her daughter
was, Mary went to the police for help. 3. _T__o_t_e_ll__ (tell) you the truth, your behavior
c. His parents died in a traffic acrceisduelntt, leaving him with four younger brothers and sisters.
d. If travelling ncoornthd,ityiooun must change planes at Leeds.
4. Witnesses also say they saw Justin _w_a_l_k_i_n_g (walk) towards his house at 10:45 p.m.
5. The Chinese led the way at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, _w_i_n_n_i_n_g (win) 51 gold medals.
8. It rained heavily in the south, _c_a_u_s_i_n_g_ (cause) serious floods in several provinces.
9. The tea smells _i_n_v_it_in__g_ (invite) and tastes fresh.
4. Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45 pm. (Unit 1, Book 2)
5. The Chinese led the way at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, winning 51 gold medals. (Unit 2, Book 4)
Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb
Verb-ing phrases
To learn how a verb-ing form can be used as an adjective or adverb To learn how to use a verb-ing phrase To learn how to use the verb-ing form and verb-ing phrases in different situations
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. 1. We’re going to visit so many _e_x_c_i_ti_n_g__
(excite) places and do lots of extraordinary things. 2. There are a lot of _a_m_a_z_i_nR_ge_a(daym?aze) adventures to have and gpolaces to see in the world. 3. Upon _fi_n_i_sh__in_g_ (finish) his studies, he started traveling in China.
动词-ing形式也可用于名词后，用来修饰该名词，功 能上相当于形容词。此时动词-ing形式可以改写为定 语从句。 The man talking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. = The man who is talking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
连词 + 动词-ing短语也可以用来表示时间。常用的 连词有when、whenever、while、once和until。 While working on a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without success.
5. 独立(主格)结构 通常情况下，动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语 （即动词-ing动作的发出者）要与句子的主语保持一 致；如不一致，则可用动词-ing的独立（主格）结构 作状语，即“名（代）词 + 动词-ing”，表示时间、 原因、条件、伴随等。 Weather permitting, we will have a football match tomorrow.
6. 动词-ing形式的不同形式 动词-ing形式的否定式是由not + 动词-ing形式。 He sat there, not knowing what to say. 动词-ing形式的完成形式having + v.-ed。 Having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. Not having done it as he told us to, we were scolded.
4. a. Having finished altlimhies homework, he went to play football with his friends.
b. Not knowing herreadsodnress, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
动词-ing形式在功能上具有形 容词或副词的特点，在句子 中可以充当定语、表语、宾 语补足语和状语。
1. 作定语 动词-ing形式可用于名词前，用来修饰该名词，功能 上相当于形容词。 This is an amazing discovery. 还可将副词置于动词-ing形式前，修饰动词-ing形式。 It’s an extremely interesting book. 副词或名词可以和动词-ing形式一起构成复合词，作 定语。 A wood-burning stove does harm to the environment.
10. I watched the athlete _j_u_m__p_i_n_g__ (jump) from the diving board into the swimming pool.
drove me mad. 4. There are two roads before us, one _l_e_a_d_in_g__
(lead) to the hill, the other to the park. 5. Unless __p_a_y_i_n_g__ (pay) by credit card, please
6. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, _s_e_a_r_c_h_in_g_ (search) for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
7. She could feel her heart _b_e_a_ti_n_g_ (beat) with fear.
6. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. (Unit 3, Book 2)
7. She could feel her heart beating with fear. (Unit 1, Book 3)
We can use a verb-ing / a verb-ing phrase as: [语境展示] 1. a. Mike held a burning stick and Tom carried
a gun. b. The results of the survey led to some
surprising conclusions. c. The young man sitting beห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ween John and
pay in cash. 6. We don’t consider it possible __t_o__se_t__ (set)
back the clock of history.
7. _N__o_t_h_a_v_i_n_g_r_e_c_e_iv_e_d__ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write a letter to the teacher again.
Mary is our teacher. 2. a. The story he told us is very interesting.
b. What you said is really inspiring. c. It was amazing to see so many rare animals
3. 作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的 主谓关系。在英语中，常见的能用动词-ing形式作宾 语补足语的动词有：feel, smell, watch, see, hear, notice, catch, leave, find, keep, have等。 I saw him playing on the playground at this time yesterday. We all found his argument convincing and interesting.
and plants in the zoo.
3. a. She caught them stealing her apples. b. The boy is found very annoying. c. I kept him waiting twenty minutes at the gate of the park.
Observe the sentences you have learned. 1. We’re going to visit so many exciting
places and do lots of extraordinary things. (Unit 2, Book 2) 2. There are a lot of amazing adventures to have and places to see in the world. (Unit 2, Book 2) 3. Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China. (Unit 1, Book 1)