英语二2011年七月真题及答案
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller-two-bedroom units under1,000square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around1,200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleader’s talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day[C]conceited[D]hopefulPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text（41-45）.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose"fat taxes"on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity?I would suggest that we should be,"said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing"people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas."If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes–by setting stringent limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,"he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering"inducements"such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:"If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose"fast-food-free zones"around schools and hospitals–areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:"We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new'responsibility deal'with business,built on social responsibility,not state ter this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."Part ADirection:Suppose your cousin,Liming,has just been admitted to a university,write him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Your should write about100words on ANSER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part BDirections:Write a short essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANWER SHEET2.(15points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇说明文，阐述了现代网络安全问题以及对美国网络安全总管Howard Schmidt先生对网络安全问题提出的新的解决方案。
2011年7月全国高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题答案范文
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. ______ common in China even in very remote areas.A. Woman doctors areB. Woman doctor isC. Women doctor isD. Women doctors are2. Let’s discuss this matter ______ a cup of tea.A. overB. withC. atD. on3. The pen I bought yesterday ______.A. writes wellB. is written wellC. can’t be writtenD. can be writing4. At the beginning, this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and became habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine5. I’m afraid this shirt is too tight for me. May I have a ______ one?A. largeB. largerC. more largeD. very large6. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______ breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared7. New Zealand ______ the death penalty in 1961.A. erasedB. releasedC. abolishedD. negated8. — Would you and your brother like to play bridge tonight? —I don’t know how to play bridge and ______.A. my brother eitherB. my brother neitherC. neither does my brotherD. neither my brother9. Don’t wave my hand ______; you need it.A. offB. awayC. downD. up10. I’d rather he ______ me the truth.A. toldB. will tellC. had toldD. tells11. He was born ______ a teacher’s family.A. inB. offC. atD. of12. Distance can help us rediscover ourselves, ______ we are able to meet each other in a new way.A. thatB. so as toC. so thatD. in order that13. He ______ gardening and planted a lot of beautiful rose trees in his retirement.A. took overB. took outC. took onD. took to14. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and ______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed15. The conference ______ three days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lastedII.完形填空。
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题
全国2011年7⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试综合英语（⼆）试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出⼀个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。
(本⼤题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. ______ common in China even in very remote areas.A. Woman doctors areB. Woman doctor isC. Women doctor isD. Women doctors are2. Let’s discuss this matter ______ a cup of tea.A. overB. withC. atD. on3. The pen I bought yesterday ______.A. writes wellB. is written wellC. can’t be writtenD. can be writing4. At the beginning, this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and became habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine5. I’m afraid this shirt is too tight for me. May I have a ______ one?A. largeB. largerC. more largeD. very large6. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______ breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared7. New Zealand ______ the death penalty in 1961.A. erasedB. releasedC. abolishedD. negated8. — Would you and your brother like to play bridge tonight?— I don’t know how to play bridge and ______.A. my brother eitherB. my brother neitherC. neither does my brotherD. neither my brother9. Don’t wave my hand ______; you need it.A. offB. awayC. downD. up10. I’d rather he ______ me the truth.A. toldB. will tellC. had toldD. tells11. He was born ______ a teacher’s family.A. inB. offC. atD. of12. Distance can help us rediscover ourselves, ______ we are able to meet each other in a new way.A. thatB. so as toC. so thatD. in order that13. He ______ gardening and planted a lot of beautiful rose trees in his retirement.A. took overB. took outC. took onD. took to14. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and ______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed15. The conference ______ three days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lastedII．完形填空。
2011年考研英语二真题及答案
2011年考研英语二真题及答案2011年考研英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered black and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behindthe explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber czar, offered the Obama governmenta 4 to make the Web a safer place — asystem that would be the “voluntary identify” high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint anda photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and wouldauthenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” s ystems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” and bright in safe “neighborhoods” to establish a sense “streetlights” of 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .Still, the administration’s planhas 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that th e “voluntarywould still leave much of the ecosystem” Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. A. swept B. skipped C. walkedD. ridden2. A. for B. within C. whileD. though3. A. careless B. lawless C. pointlessD. helpless4. A. reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposal5. A. information B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6. A. by B. into C. from D.over7. A. linked B. directed C. chainedD. compared8. A. dismiss B. discover C. createD. improve9. A. recall B. suggest C. selectD. realize10. A. released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11. A. carry on B. linger on C. set inD. log in12. A. In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13. A. trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14. A. caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15. A. on B. after C. beyondD. across16. A. divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17. A. frequently B. incidentally C.occasionally D. eventually18. A. skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19. A. manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20. A. invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced参考答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text 1 The Economist May 4th 2010 ADCAB Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade, she apparently managed both roles withoutattracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009, Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee, how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chiefproposals. If the sky and the share executive’sprice is falling, outside directors should be ableto give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University useda database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxystatement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequentlyhave to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federalclass-action lawsuit also increases, and the stockis likely to perform worse. The effect tended tobe larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directorsare always jumping off a sinking ship. OftenLeaving riskier, smaller firmsthey “trade u p.” for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blowto their reputations if they leave a firm beforebad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time anywrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investorsB. unbiased executivesC. share price forecastersD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohiosurprise University after an outside director’s departure, the firm is likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. criticalText 2 The Economist Jun 10th 2010 DBCAA Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not alreadyfled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refusedelivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportionis 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is nolonger a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers l ike … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .A. neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failureof newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3 The NY Times When Less Was More BDCDB July 1, 2010, 9:30 pmWe tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on theG. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression andthe war, Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus forthe trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took upposts at American architecture schools. Thesedesigners came to exert enormous influence onthe course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolizedthe future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Miesbuilt on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegancedetails and proportions, theof the buildings’ architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.was not entirely The trend toward “less” foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.Th e “Case S tudy Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” t rend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed. Text 4 The Economist(经济学家)2010年7月10日Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not longgreatest cheer ago. Now even the project’sleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermudaof debt, population decline and lower triangle” growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EUface an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Marketshave lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive membersthe quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It isstuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, butdisagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved bystricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU fundsfor poorer regions and EU mega-projects andeven the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is asmall majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.camp headed by FrenchA “southern” wants something different: “European economicwithin an inner core of euro-zone government” members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members,via cheaper borrowing for governments throughcommon Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.Finally, figures close to the France governmenthave murmured, euro-zone members shouldagree to some fiscal and social harmonization:e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax ratesor labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remainsthe world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more opento goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37.The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that .[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries[D]rich countries will basically controlEurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel .[A]pessimistic[B]desperate[C]conceited[D]hopeful CCBADPart BDirections:(7选5)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each ofthe numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to childrenabout the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiralling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban onsmoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in thesame way as cigarettes –by setting stringentlimits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coachingscheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offeringsuch as toys, cute animals and “inducements” mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of theRoyal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If childre are taught about the impact that food has ontheir growth, and that some things can harm, atleast information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose“fast-food-free zones” around school andhospitals-areas within which takeaways cannotopen.A Department of Health spokesperson said:“We n eed to create a new vision for publichealth where all of society works together to gethealthy and live longer. This includes creating anew ‘responsibility deal ’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”The food industry will be alarmed that suchsenior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[A] “fat taxes ” shouldbe imposed on fast-foodproducerssuch as McDonald ’s.41.AndrewLansley held that [B] the governmentshould ban fast-food outletsin theneighborhood of schools.42.Terence Stephenson agreedthat [C] “lecturing ” was an effective way to improve school lunchesin England.43.Jamie Oliver seemed tobelieve that [D]cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to childrenabout the dangers of apoor diet.44.DineshBhugra suggestedthat [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contributesignificantly to theChange4Life campaign.45.A Departmentof HealthSpokesperson propsed that [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping ahealthy dietat home.[G] the governmentshould strengthen thesense of responsibilityamong businesses.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese. Write your translationon ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, theIT industry produces about the same volume ofgreenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do ---roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising tollon the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, dependingon how many attempts are needed to get theanswer. To deliver results to its users “right” quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast datacentres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much moreto be done, and not just by big companies. Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letterto1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)英语(二)小作文范文：A Letter to LimingJan-15-2011Dear Liming,Congratulate on your success in passing the entrance examination.Now, please allow me to give you somesuggestion during your holidays.First of all, you should read. Because it makes afull man. Reading during the holiday helps youget the habit of it that when you become a freshman. College life is so plentiful but readingis the most important thing.Second, to do some housework can bring you another feelings. Once you get into the college,you must do the things for yourself, including washing, clear the room and shedule your dailylife and etc.However, reading and housework doesn’t mean all of your holiday. You need contact with yourfriends or communicate with them. The reasonis that old friends will be in your memory andnew friends will be there. And we all know thatthe friendship among senior school.From the things I mentioned above, hope theywill bring you a richful life in your college.Zhangwei2011考研英语（二）大作文范文题目Write a short essay based on the following chart.in your writing, you should:1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on answer sheet 2 (15points)英语二大作文范文As can be seen clearly from the chart, themarket share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly35% in 2009, while conversely, the market shareowned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10%from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brandsis on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can accountfor the changes in car market in these two years.First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surpriseas we have seen Chinese enterprises’ commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them frompotential risks, but also bring about long-termbenefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to behighly praised for their outstanding quality andsuperior stability, is now reeling from a crisis of confidence. Last, the improvement of Americanperformance must be attributed to thecars’ smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially forChinese market, which won them applaud aswell as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentumof development, domestic cars should on onehand stick to their self-independent policy, andon the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’ success其他客观题答案：21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG。
2011年7月山东省自考英语(二)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年7月山东省自考英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Word Spelling 13. Translation from Chinese into English 14. Translation from English into ChineseV ocabulary and Structrue1．I wished that John______a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A．spendsB．spentC．would spendD．will spend正确答案：C解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。
句意：我希望约翰能在非洲度过一年，但是他只在那待了三个月。
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
表示对过去事实的一种不可能实现的愿望时，从句谓语动词用“would(could)+have+动词过去分词”或“had+动词过去分词”的形式。
故选C。
2．It is time that the government______measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A．takesB．tookC．has takenD．taking正确答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。
句意：现在是政府采取措施保护稀有鸟类和动物的时候了。
It’s time+that从句为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在是某人该做某事了”。
从句中的谓语动词一般用过去式或“should／ought to+动词原形(should 不能省略)”。
故选B。
3．The teacher suggested that her students______experiences in English.A．write a composition about theirB．to write composition about theC．wrote some compositions of his or herD．had written any compositions for his正确答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。
英语二自考历年真题及答案(2011-2014)总结
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.going over10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2011年英语二(完整版)
【参考范文】 Dear Li Ming,
We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.
You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life.
Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.
2011年7月自考真题综合英语
2011年7月自考真题：综合英语(二) 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。
(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. ______ common in China even in very remote areas.A. Woman doctors areB. Woman doctor isC. Women doctor isD. Women doctors are2. Let’s discuss this matter ______ a cup of tea.A. overB. withC. atD. on3. The pen I bought yesterday ______.A. writes wellB. is written wellC. can’t be writtenD. can be writing4. At the beginning, this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and became habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine5. I’m afraid this shirt is too tight for me. May I have a ______ one?A. largeB. largerC. more largeD. very large6. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______ breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared7. New Zealand ______ the death penalty in 1961.A. erasedB. releasedC. abolishedD. negated8. — Would you and your brother like to play bridge tonight?— I don’t know how to play bridge and ______.A. my brother eitherB. my brother neitherC. neither does my brotherD. neither my brother9. Don’t wave my hand ______; you need it.A. offB. awayC. downD. up10. I’d rather he ______ me the truth.A. toldB. will tellC. had toldD. tells11. He was born ______ a teacher’s family.A. inB. offC. atD. of12. Distance can help us rediscover ourselves, ______ we are able to meet each other in a new way.A. thatB. so as toC. so thatD. in order that13. He ______ gardening and planted a lot of beautiful rose trees in his retirement.A. took overB. took outC. took onD. took to14. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and ______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed15. The conference ______ three days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lastedII.完形填空。
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller-two-bedroom units under1,000square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around1,200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleader’s talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day[C]conceited[D]hopefulPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text（41-45）.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose"fat taxes"on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity?I would suggest that we should be,"said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing"people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas."If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes–by setting stringent limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,"he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering"inducements"such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:"If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose"fast-food-free zones"around schools and hospitals–areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:"We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new'responsibility deal'with business,built on social responsibility,not state ter this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."Part ADirection:Suppose your cousin,Liming,has just been admitted to a university,write him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Your should write about100words on ANSER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part BDirections:Write a short essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANWER SHEET2.(15points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇说明文，阐述了现代网络安全问题以及对美国网络安全总管Howard Schmidt先生对网络安全问题提出的新的解决方案。
2011英语二真题及参考答案
2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER S HEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?“1．2．3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticis m. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advi sers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure,the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. A merica’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even A merican newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many jo urnalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates thatnewspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporationsat the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, A mericans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were s mall and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were s maller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreadingtwo-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few A merican families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar A merican housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER S HEET 1. (10 points)46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.TEXT 1 参考答案21．A。
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版第一部分：阅读理解第一篇题目：Will Robots Take Our Jobs?In Boston, there is a small restaurant called Spyce, which boasts (吹嘘) a unique feature: the entire kitchen is automated (自动化的). There are no chefs or cooks working in the kitchen, just seven robot cooks working efficiently to serve delicious meals to customers. This fully automated restaurant is a clear indication of the rise of robots in the workforce.The introduction of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, has raised concerns about job security. Many industries are facing the disruption caused by automation. The real question that arises is whether robots will take over our jobs and leave humans unemployed.Robotics and automation have successfully replaced manual labor in several industries. For example, self-checkout machines in supermarkets and automated assembly lines in factories are becoming increasingly common. These technologies streamline processes, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency.However, it is essential to note that while robots excel at tasks that require precision and repetition, they often strugglewith jobs that involve emotional intelligence and creativity. For instance, robots may be programmed to perform routine surgeries, but they cannot provide empathetic care to patients like healthcare professionals can. Similarly, while a robot can clean a room, it lacks the attention to detail that a human cleaner possesses.Furthermore, new technologies often create more jobs than they replace. The rise of robots may lead to the creation of entirely new industries and job roles. Software developers, AI engineers, and robotics technicians are examples of professions that have emerged as a result of automation. Additionally, as robots take over mundane tasks, humans can focus on more complex and creative work.In conclusion, while robots are undoubtedly changing the workforce and may replace some jobs, they are unlikely to completely eliminate human employment. The future lies in a partnership between humans and robots, where humans leverage their unique skills and abilities alongside automationto create a more productive and efficient society.解析：本文主要探讨了人工智能和机器人技术的引入对工作安全的影响。
2011年考研英语真题及解析
a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint
and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a
Internet “drive’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary
ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it
possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.
2011考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2011年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Last month， Howard Schmidt， the nation's cyber-czar， offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key， a fingerprint and a photo ID card， all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join， and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace， with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs".Still， the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach； others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts， who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves， in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A， B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000： a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee； how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？ By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time， she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful， yet less biased， advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere， they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky， and the share price is falling， outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age， so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive， it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up." Leaving riskier， smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks， even if a reviewof history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons， once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1， Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure， the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？ A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations？ Should the state subsidize them ？ It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers， which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry， have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago， but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists， they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses， with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008， according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly， Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody， but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like … their own doom" (Lines 3-4， Para. 1)， the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts， Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers： Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers： Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers： A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers： A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth， with soldiers returning home by the millions， going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses， it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war， Americans had learned to live with less， and that restraint， in combination with the postwar confidence in the future， made small， efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German， the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe， who like other people associated with the Bauhaus， a school of design， emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture， but none more so that Mies.Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration， properly organized， has more impact that a lot. Elegance， he believed， did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects， he employed metal， glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient， rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive， for example， were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1，000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls， the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1，200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape， new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House， Ralph everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters， though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief thatself-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus？[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive？[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study House"？[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it？ The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt， population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems， the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone'seconomies， weaker or stronger， will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency， which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers， France and Germany， agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone， but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness， barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club， among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour； in the inner core alone，Germany fears， a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different： "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated， that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally， figures close to the France government have murmured， curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization： e.g.， curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best， the European project is remarkably liberal： built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries， its internal borders are far more open to goods， capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization， and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominantpowers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ，Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU， the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese， write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that， globally， the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly， then， Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world， packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2， these computers emit a great deal of heat， so the centres need to be wellair-conditioned， which uses even more energy.However， Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction， but there is much to be done， and not just by big companies.2011考研英语(二)小作文suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe2011考研英语（二）大作文write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)参考答案客观题1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD 21-25BBDAA 26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB 36-40DCBAC 41-45EDCFG46．翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷I。
Vocabulary and Structure (10 points。
1 point each)1.Students should pursue their own interests as well as do their XXX.2.I'd like to remind you that there is no n on the part of XXX.3.XXX.4.XXX our families。
schools。
jobs。
and the mass media.5.XXX.6.I don't need any help at the moment。
but I XXX.7.The sad n of women working as house servants around the world received much media n early this year.8.She has no hostility to us。
as can be judged from her eyes.9.When you're going through a crisis。
it often helps to talk to XXX.People around the world are currently observing "No Tobacco Day," a day in which the World Health n (WHO) encourages XXX products。
The hope is that if people can XXX using tobacco for one day。
they may be able to quit permanently。
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2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.going over10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running outII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently.Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year.Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin."No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes.WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking.11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what12. A. to chew B. chew C. chewing D. chewed13. A. problems B. questions ,C. results D. behaviors14. A. at beat B. at most C. at worse D. at least15. A.difficult B. inconvenient C. worrying D. reasonable16. A. better than B. similar to C. consistent with D. dependent on17. A. that B. this C. these D. those18. A. Readers B. Books C. Managers D. Newspapers19. A. Objet B. goal C. destination D. direction20. A. Workers B. manufacturers C. farmers D. producersIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points each)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.No one in my family could believe Allegra had any disability, much less one as severe as hers. To them a disability was physical, something you could see. They knew her as a happy, normal child. That's how it is with a learning disability -you don't see obvious physical symptoms.But as she grew out of preschool, she would pretend to read-I knew she was pretending because the book was upside down. She withdrew into her own world where she could fantasize about being a ballet dancer, a Broadway actress or a figure skater. In the real world, ballet classes and music lessons led only to confusion, frustration and, ultimately, disappointment.As for school, there was no way she could be included in a mainstream classroom. I went through every special school in New York, only to be told over and over: "She doesn't belong here." The last blow came a few months after the diagnosis, when I was at a pay phone on 72ndStreet, waiting for an answer from the very last school on my list. Finally a cold voice came on-I can still hear it-and said: "I'm sorry, but we feel this isn't the place for her." I hung up and stared at the phone in tears.I had lived my life as the daughter of Henry Ford II, and for the first time in my life I faced a problem that neither money nor position could solve. I nearly gave up, but I knew I couldn't. Without me, my daughter stood no chance of making it.21 .According to the first paragraph, Allegra's problem was _ .A. psychologicalB. obviousC. physicalD. invisible22. Allegra was disabled in that _.A. she was unable to learn like a normal childB. she was always reading with her book upside downC. she isolated herself from other children in her classD. she was living in her dreams in conflict with the real world23 .The expression "a mainstream classroom"(para. 3) refers, to _.A. the last blowB. the last schoolC. special schoolsD. normal education24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A. the author would ask Henry Ford II for helpB. the author would continue to help her daughterC. the author would leave New York for the sake of her daughterD. the author had to use money or position to deal with the problem25.The phrase "making it" (para. 4) probably means _.A. becoming a figure skaterB. becoming a ballet dancerC. becoming successfulD. getting proper treatmentPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Contrary to what many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily bound to have an academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people.One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an emphasis can breed a belief that bright people do not have towork hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. In some cases, they may not know how to study, having never done it before. In others, they simply cannot accept the fact that some tasks require effort.If the scholastic achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, and may further be depressed to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork and even develop behavior problems. Boys may turn aggressive or become class clowns（小丑）.Girls often develop performance anxiety and other symptoms such as stomachaches.One way to avoid such difficulties is to recognize that IQ is just one of the elements for success. Children do well or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ, according to psychologist Franz Monks of the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends. Emphasizing the importance of persistence and hard work, for example, will help a child avoid the laziness trap. Gifted children also need intellectual challenges-to teach them how to work hard.26. According to the first paragraph, the author believes that _.A. intelligent students may fail to do well in their schoolworkB. gifted students are too smart to do well in their schoolworkC. intelligent students are bound to succeed in their schoolworkD. gifted students understand what can go wrong and how to learn27. When too much emphasis is placed on students' intelligence, people are likely to take it for granted that _.A. smart students may not do well in the lower gradesB. intelligent students know how to avoid laziness trapC. clever students require more intelligence than hard workD. bright students may succeed even if they do not work hard28. It is observed in the third paragraph that _.A. highly gifted students show a great desire to learnB. highly gifted students tend to fall ill with no reasonC. highly intelligent students also need encouragementD. highly intelligent students score higher than average students29. According to the author, a student's IQ is _.A. one of the factors of successB. the only factor for his successC. directly related to persistenceD. closely associated with competence30. This passage aims to tell people about _.A. the academic performance of gifted studentsB. the proper attitudes toward gifted studentsC. the difficulties in recognizing gifted studentsD. the motivation students need for their studiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Mars Global Surveyor is the oldest of five NASA robotic devices, which is designed to find out signs that Mars once had water; and it had been taking detailed pictures of the red planet for a decade. Unfortunately, it stopped working on November 2 after it developed a motor problem.After two days of silence, ground control teams received a signal that the device had put itself into an emergency standby mode. There was no information about what had gone wrong. Since then, the mission team at NASA's laboratory in California has tried to contact the device. This week, NASA engineers are preparing for what may be their last chance to recover the spacecraft.NASA plans to use a newly arrived device to take a picture of the Surveyor to see how the failed craft is oriented to the sun for power and to Earth for communications. It is reported that the picture will be taken on Friday when the satellites are about 93 miles apart. The new high-powered camera should be able to image details of the Surveyor as small as about 10 centimeters. There is a good chance of recovering it.Flight controllers also plan to try to get the Surveyor to contact one or both of NASA's roving （漫游）geology stations, Spirit and Opportunity, which are located on opposite sides o. Mars'equator（赤道）.The rovers would not be able to transmit the spacecraft'5 science data, but engineers at least would get an idea of its general position. The linkup also could show if the Surveyor still has power. If the device has been unable to charge its batteries due to a positioning problem or failed component, it could run out of power with no hope of recovering. But if it has power, the device is quite capable of autonomous control even if it doesn't hear from Earth. The Surveyor has far surpassed its design lifetime, but scientists still have more targets for the probe's camera and science instruments.31.The main task of Mars Global Surveyor is _.A. to take pictures of the red planetB. to work out the problems of its motorC. to find out if there was water on MarsD. to find the causes of the failure in the device32. The newly arrived device _.A. is equipped with a powerful cameraB. checks the signs for water on the red planetC. carries new components for the failed deviceD. examines the surveyor's communication system33. The last chance for NASA's engineers to recover the Surveyor might be _.A. to charge its batteriesB. to adjust its positionC. to test its communication systemD. to use the new device to image it34. The decisive factor for the recovery of the Surveyor is _.A. its lifeB. its orbitC. its powerD. its position35. The passage is most probably taken from _.A. a book reviewB. a news reportC. an advertisementD. a science fiction taleIV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)将下列汉语单词译成英语。