新世纪海外英语主编陈清贵外语教学与研究出版社西南科技大学托福课程海外测试答案汇总6

新世纪海外英语-主编-陈清贵--外语教学与研究出版社-西南科技大学托福课程(海外测试)答案汇总(2013年6
Unit 2 Forever Young
1．Yes
2．No
3．No
4．No
5．Yes
6．Not Given.
7．ACE
8．innovative
9．available,
10．order
11．Hayflick limit
12．unwanted
13．res ult
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.
1) have adverse effects
have bad effects
2) have an upper limit
have an maximum limit
3) brings cell division to a halt
stop the process of cell division
4) untoward consequences
the consequences which are not wanted or not expected
5) slow the process of ageing
make the process of becoming old slower
6) the grain of nature
the normal law of nature
7) have malign effects
have harmful effects
8) a logical extension
The natural consequence of the previous process
9) the desired effect
the effect which people are trying to
achieve
10) a thing of the past
a thing happened in the past which
doesn’t happen anymore
2. Rewrite the following sentences in short sentences.
1）This week’s Nature reported a piece of work. This work was written by Darren
Baker of the Mayo Clinic, in Minnesota.
It describes an e xtraordinary result. This
result points to a way that the process
might be ameliorated.
2）Whenever the gene for P16INK4A was active, his second gene was activated
and could produce a protein. This
protein itself was harmless. The
presence of a particular drug, however,
could make the protein become deadly.
3）Dr Baker’s results support the previously
untested hypothesis. The hypothesis goes like this: when cells reach the Hayflick limit, they stop working well;
besides, they have harmful effects on the healthy cell in the neighbourhood. 4）Regard less of the biochemical details A new way of thinking about how to slow the process of ageing is the most fascinating thing Dr Baker’s result provides. It follows the grain of nature rather than against it.
5）There are two existing ways of inquiry into prolonging lifespan. One is to remove the Hayflick limit, and this would cause all sorts of unwanted consequences. The other is to suppress production of the oxidative chemical.
These chemicals are believed to cause much of the cellular damage. The cellular damage is bracketed together and labelled as senescence.
Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.
1.One might expect female mortality to fall
as countries get richer.
2.Yet it remains stubbornly high.
Please choose some of the words in the tables to fill in the blanks.
1. increase/ rise
2. rapid
3. grew/ increased
4. comprised
5. steadily/ slowly
6. sharp/ rapid/ dramatic
7. doubled
8. tripled
9. aggregated/ augmented/ increased/
rose
10. revealed/ showed/ indicated/ demonstrated
Please rewrite the following sentences to make them concise, clear and academic. Some hints are provided in the brackets after each sentence.
1.According to the table, 50% of young people 18 to 29 years old love online purchase while another half of this age group prefer to go shopping in real stores.
2. With the population of circa 170 millions more than that of Congo, and its irrigated land area 165 times that of Congo, Brazil’s average water consumption per person is merely about 44 times that of the latter.
3. The curves and the table obviously indicate that the global water use has aggregated greatly and that less water is supposed to be available for human beings in
the long run.
4. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.
5. This table fully shows that the number of people who prefer to travel outside in the summer is increasing, tripling in 2000.
Please fill in the blanks with sentences or clauses, and then delete the unnecessary comments in this passage.
1. why students at varying ages choose to study and how employers support their employees of different age groups.
2. there is a gradual drop in study for
job-seeking purposes with growing age.
3. the first graph also illustrates that study
out of interest grows with age.
4. The accompanying column indicates
The last sentence of this passage should be
deleted because it is an unnecessary and subjective comment.
Open answer.
Unit 3 Why do some people never get
depressed?
1．○G
2．○A
3．○D
4．○H
5．○C
6．○neuroscientific profile.
7．○Boosting resilience.
8．○high life stress
9．○without depression
10．○stress hormone levels
11．○brain scan
12．○correlations
13．○psychological measurements
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the
text.
1) on a sliding scale
Fluctuating accordingly
2) a quite appalling hand
fear
3) pay dividends
the division of after tax profits among
shareholders but here it means having
benefits in sth.
4) draw on previous work
make use of the work which has been
done before
5) are emotionally charged
to catch emotions
6) encouraging hints
active clues
7) an open question
a question without conclusions
8) might offer pointers towards new
treatments
might provide directions to new
treatments
9) well worth pursuing
have value for seeking sth.
10) struggling financially
be in economic difficulties
2. Rewrite the following short sentences in each group with a long sentence.
1）This, says Bill Deakin, has pointed them to several relevant features of brain
function which include cognitive
flexibility –our capacity to adapt our
thinking to different situations –and
also the extent to which our brains
concentrate on processing and
remembering happy, as opposed to sad,
information.
2) A scanning technique much used by
brain researchers called functional
magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) allows them to see which parts of the brain are active while subjects are performing specific tasks.
3) Bill Deakin talks of using brain scanning
to create what he calls a “neuroscientific profile”of an individual’s problem which might be used to identify relevant aims and goals in deciding on the best treatment.
4）Responding to the suggestion that a drug, a daily “resilience pill”, tailored to our brain activity or chemistry might be a useful development, Rebecca Elliott is cautious.
5）While out of work, struggling financially, and single-handedly responsible for three children, Pauline had several bouts of depression during which she felt completely isolated.
Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.
1.Depression will be the biggest health
burden on society both economically and sociologically.
2.Depression, especially in developing
countries, is much more common than some other diseases.
Please choose some of the words and expressions in the tables to fill in the blanks.
1. To begin with/ To start with/ First/ Firstly/
For one thing/ In the first place
2. such as
3. What’s more/ Besides/ In addition/
Second/ Secondly/ For another/ In the second place
4. Last but not the least / In the third place
5. a case in point
Please rewrite the following sentences into nominal ones.
1. Nowadays, the security of the network has become the worldwide concern.
2. More purchases of private cars have led to the increase of air pollution.
3. Consumers’more purchases result in more production of the manufactures, which is the stimulation of the whole market.
4. Owing to the convenience and cheapness of online shipping, a growing number of people, young and old, prefer to it.
5. Due to parents’love and willingness to do anything to render their children beautiful life, they spoiled them instead of nurturing them in a right way.
Please finish the following table with sentences or expressions based on the topic above.
Open answer..
Unit 3 Why Do We Always Sell the Next
Generation Short?
1．v
2．iv
3．vi
4．ii
5．E
6．C
7．D
8．A
9．B
10．E
11．B
12．B
13．A
14．B
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.
1) sell the next generation short
under-estimate the value of the next
generation
2) won’t amount to much
will not have much achievements
3) generational clashes
conflicts between generations
4) lose faith in the ability of their young
people to do the same
do not believe that the young people are
able to the same things
5) cultural pessimism
the tendency to see the bad side of
culture
6) pass through their “adventure window”
no longer want to try new things
7) good old days
if you talk about good old days, you
mean a time in the past when you
believe life was better
8) take detours around the roadblocks
take a roundabout way in the places
where there are barriers
9) immerse ourselves in it
get ourselves involved into it
10) almost never warranted
almost unjustified
2. Express the meanings of the following sentences with short sentences.
1) There are two possibilities for each
generation’s adults. First, they don’t
believe the young people can do the
same things. Second, they believe the
new generation are facing dangers.
They also faced dangers when they were
children. But the children’s dangers are
larger.
2) In his cartoon, there were an older
gentleman, a middle-aged man, and a young boy. The older gentleman was looking doubtfully at the middle-aged man. But the middle-aged man was fixing his eyes confusedly on the young boy. The cartoon had a line of words in it. The words were: “Every Generation Has Its Doubts about the Younger Generation.”
3) They argue: “there are traditional values
and common sense. In the past, they have served the older people well. They will be also very important for the young generation nowadays, too.”The older people need to understand it.
4) This attitude can give rise to danger.
Sometimes too much fear and technological panics would spread throughout the society. Especially when there are regulation and censorship, too much fear and technological panics
could lead to many results. But nobody
likes the results.
5) Sit down. Learn the games, music and
videos from our kids. Talk to them about
it. These might be the best way for us to
understand them. After that, we can
guide them.
Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.
1. I strongly encourage all my job seeking clients to draft a powerful cover letter.
2. You can speak directly to an individual reader.
Please choose some of the words in the tables to fill in the blanks.
1. dedicate/ commit/ devote
2. participate / engage / join
3. conduct/ do/ undertake
4. involved/ engaged
5. broaden; expand; widen
6. seek
7. get/ obtain
8. improve
9. achieve
10. pursue
Please rewrite the following sentences by changing the clauses into past or present particles.
1. Possessing more freedom to love and hate, more people are inclined to divorce.
2. Believing that technology can not do harm to human beings, some people retort his argument.
3. Being short of human force, the developed countries have to pursue manpower in the underdeveloped ones and
set up their market.
4. The globalization developed, and traditional Chinese culture blending with others, a new mixed culture has been made.
5. Overexploited, the nature is doomed to be thoroughly destroyed.
Nowadays parents spend too little time on their children. What are the reasons and how this problem can be solved? Please finish the following table with sentences or expressions based on this topic.
Open answer.
Unit 4 Why Has Britain Donea U-turn on
Plutonium?
1. In Energy minister Charles Hendry’s
opinion, converting the plutonium to
MOX remains impossible.
2. financially
3. It is environmentally harmful at present to
bury plutonium underground.
4. diffusion
5. To illustrate that plutonium, though, once
considered a huge pile of waste, can be
converted into MOX, something useful in
the future.
6. the NDA and the ten Japanese utility
companies’
7. The closing of Sellafield MOX Plant is
partially due to Fukushima nuclear
disaster.
8. To build a fast reactor at Sellafield would
be impossible.
9. Because the cost of producing MOX by
converting plutonium into fuel is high
compared with that of uranium.
10. A suggestion about requiring the MOX
plant to be in production
11. It is uncertain whether the UK nuclear
industry has learnt lessons from the
Sellafield event and whether a new
MOX plant can disappear the plutonium
definitely and finally.
12. [■]Ostensibly, because, in the wake of
the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the
Sellafield MOX Plant no longer has any
customers. But in truth it never really
worked. It was built to convert the UK
plutonium stockpile into MOX, but,
having been plagued by technical
failures and delays; it has managed to
produce only around 2.5% of its
intended quota since it started operating
ten years ago. [■] With such a low
throughput, it would have been unable to
convert the UK stockpile fast enough to
provide MOX for new reactors. [■] And
so in 2010 the NDA did a deal with ten
Japanese utility companies to process
their smaller amounts of plutonium and
supply them with MOX, a deal that
ultimately sank beneath a tsunami.
13-14. 3 5○6
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.
1) convert the plutonium into MOX
change the plutonium into MOX
2) get rid of the plutonium
disappear the plutonium
3) responding to the government’s own
request to consider how to deal with the
stockpile
answering to the government's requirement to find a solution to getting rid of the stockpile
4) The cost of making MOX is greater than
its value as a fuel.
Compared with its value as a fuel, the cost of producing MOX is higher.
5) a “zero value asset”
a waste material
6) a constant reminder
Something that can continually help to recall.
7) fall into the wrong hands
be controlled by the devil
8) in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear
disaster
after the Fukushima nuclear disaster 9) a proven technology
a tested and true technology
10) get the backing of
get the support of
2. Rewrite the following short sentences in
each group with a long sentence.
1）Energy minister Charles Hendry announced last week that converting the
plutonium to MOX was still the plan, but
a new £3-billion (US$4.7-billion) plant
would only be built if it could be shown
that it was both affordable and offered
value for money.
2）Just a few weeks ago the NDA,
responding to the government’s own
request to consider how to deal with the
stockpile, advised that the cost of
making MOX is greater than its value as
a fuel.
3）So converting it into MOX would transform a huge pile of waste —which
the NDA euphemistically calls a “zero
value asset”—into something
potentially useful, while making the
plutonium far harder to weaponize were
it to fall into the wrong hands.
4) So, currently, the only other options are
to do nothing —keeping the plutonium
in storage until geological disposal
becomes possible sometime after 2075
—or to process it so that it can supply a
fast reactor, such as the kind that, with
almost comic timing, GE Hitachi offered
to build at Sellafield last week.
5) And that is the message Hendry is
putting out, that although the
government is not quite ready to do
anything with the plutonium yet, when it
is ready it will be taking the MOX route.
Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.
1. But success can emerge from individual
efforts, both from researchers in Africa
and from those on other continents.
2. Scientists in wealthy nations can also
make an impact with smaller
contributions.
3. None of this outside aid can truly help
without sustained support for science
from nations within sub-Sa haran
Africa.
Exercise: Write an outline of the following listening source and reading source respectively. You could employ symbols and abbreviations or words and phrases. Each of the two outlines should not have more than 10 words. Your outlines could take the form of maps or charts.
Reference answer:
The listening source:
extra spare time －costly (main idea)
－new worker (reason 1)
－workload (reason 2)
－damage life quality (reason 3) The reading source:
extra spare time －benefit (main idea)
－fewer errors (reason 1)
－more jobs (reason 2)
－life quality improvement (reason 3)
Exercise: Please combine each pair of the following sentences into one sentence.
1.Having ever seen a vast ocean, one may not content himself with a pond of water.(present participle phrase ) / He who has seen a vast ocean may not content himself with a pond of water( adjective clause).
2. SHA Yunlong, a humorous man, is an ET./ SHA Yunlong, an ET, is a humorous
man( With the combination the sentence structure changed from M: main sentence into M-S-M :Main sentence-Subordinate sentence-Main sentence , which gives the variety of sentences).
3. A craftsman, if he means to do the work well, must first sharpen the tools./If a craftsman means to do the work well, he must first sharpen the tools.(M-S-M) (S-M)
4. Standing by the riverside, The Master sighed, “My time goes by like this, day and night, never ceasing.”(present participle phrase)
5. People who live in Beijing are alike in age, race, and politics.( adjective clause)
Exercises: Write one topic sentence for each of the following topics:
Sample Answers:
1.Caracas, my home town is called the city
of eternal spring.
2.I would like to travel to Paris because this
city has many things that I want to know.
3.Southwest University of Science and
Technology has many resources for
students who wants to have a great
education
Sample Answer:
The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that, the perceived acts of altruism are nothing more than sneaky methods of gaining advantage for oneself.
Contrary to the belief in the passage that sentinels risk their lives for the cause of the whole group, the professor says that the meerkats sentinels are in fact less prone to outside threats. The alarm sentinels give off causes other meerkats to move rashly which draws the predators attention towards them, thus drawing away the attention from the sentinels.
The lecture refutes the fact that these meerkats are altruistic in the sense that they gain nothing in exchange of their services. In fact, researches have shown that they have a full stomach as they perform this “altruistic”duty and have a better chance of escaping from danger because they witness it first
Professor also offers a different underlying motivation that causes people to believe that acts such as donating an organ or sharing food with someone in need are altruistic. She says that people gain appreciation as a result of such acts, which may be deemed by some much more important than materialistic gains.
Unit 5 'Language Gene' Speeds Learning
1. Without mutation humans might be
unable to speak.
2. be involved in
3. FOXP2
4. go on in different directions
5. indicate that the existence of modern
humans rather than Neanderthals is due
to the mutation of the gene.
6. the first amino-acid mutation functions.
7. Gene mutations help the facial
movements to make speeches.
8. But she does not understand whether the
changes in basic learning circuitry are
closely related to FOXP2’s ability to
easily convert thoughts into spoke
language.
9. How humans with FOXP2 translate their
thoughts into spoken language.
10. At the neuroscience meeting, Schreiweis
reported that mice with the human form
of FOXP2 learn more quickly than
ordinary mice. She challenged mice to
solve a maze that involved turning either
left or right to find a water reward. A
visual clue, such as a star, along with
the texture of the maze's surface,
showed the correct direction to turn.
After eight days of practice, mice with
the human form of FOXP2 learnt to
follow the clues to the water 70% of the
time. Normal mice took an additional
four days to reach this level. Schreiweis
says that the human form of the gene
allowed mice to more quickly integrate
the visual and tactile clues when learning
to solve the maze.
11. being able to be felt by the sense of
touch
12. The genetically engineered mice are
better at making use of the visual and
tactile clues.
13. Modern Humans: 1,3,5
The Other Animals: 2,7
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.
1) normal counterparts
the average of the same kind
2) speech and language problems
troubles in making a speech and using a
language
3) an inherited mutation
a genetical change received from the
former generations
4) the protein encoded by the gene
the protein the code of which is
converted by the gene
5) the evolution of language
the developing process of language
6) combine sounds into words and
sentences
put sounds together to make words and
sentences
7) perfect the facial movements
make the face move more and better
8) basic learning circuitry
the necessary journey for learning
9) translate thoughts into spoken language
convert thoughts into oral language
10) form the sounds
make the sounds into being
2. Rewrite the following long sentences in
each group with shorter sentences.
1) A mutation occurred more than half a
million years ago. Humans can make
complex muscle movements. The
movements are very important for humans to speak and use language.
This should be attributed to the mutation.
2) A team led by Schreiweis’colleague
Svante Pääbo made a discovery. It is that modern humans and Neanderthals have the same gene. The following conclusion can be drawn. That is, the two kinds of humans developed in different directions about 500,000 years ago, but the mutation had already existed much earlier.
3) There is another difference. In the brain
there is a region called the basal ganglia.
Cells in this region were easy to become numb if they got much electrical stimulation. This feature is called “long-term depression”. It can be found in learning and memory.
4) According to Schreiweis, mice combine
the two senses of sight and touch well
when learning to solve the maze. It was
the role of the human form of the gene.
5) There are changes in basic learning
circuitry. FOXP2 helps humans to
convert their thoughts into spoken
language in a natural and easy way. But
she does not understand whether the
changes and the way FOXP2 does so
are related.
Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.
1. One of the reasons to learn genetics is
to find out its relationship with certain
diseases.
2. Additionally, when they learn genetics,
they will get to know about the recent
technology being used or research that
is being conduct.
3. Fortunately, there are different ways for
many people to learn genetics.
Exercise:Write one complete paragraph about each of the topics in the Exercise in the Organization , Unit Four. You should use a good topic sentence and adequately detailed supporting sentences. You do not have to include a concluding sentence if you do not wish to do so.
Sample Answer:
I WOULD LIKE TO TRAVEL TO PARIS
I would like to travel to Paris because this city has many things that I want to know. First, I want to see the Eiffel Tower. I have seen many television programs and photographs of this tower; also I have red that this tower is the twenty-century symbol in Paris. Second, I would like to visit the Louvre
Museum. In this museum there are the greatest collection of painting in the world. I would like to see "The Mona Lisa", painted by Leonardo da Vinci, and other paintings done by Picasso, Manet, Monet etc. Third, I would like to visit The Triumph Arch and The Champs Elise Avenue, which is located in the center of the city. The most prestigious stores are located at this avenue. Finally, I would like to go to Paris because in this city the are many good restaurants, and I love to eat very well.
Exercise: Change the following paragraph into a more formal one.
Reference Answer:
As people get more and more busy with their life style and career, they tend to go out and eat food from restaurants or other food stall. Cooking at home and eating with the rest of the family at the end of the day has
been a tradition in the old generation. A tradition that more and more people are forgetting these days. They are so busy with their own lives that they are no longer interested with the lives or our their and dear ones. (The first person and second person in the original paragraph have been alternated by the third person., so the paragraph becomes more formal.)
Exercises: Decide which transitions to use from the list to complete the paragraph.
1.For example
2. However
3. One reason is that
4. Also
5. However
6. The best choice
7. First
8.Second
Topic 1: suggested outline:
I want my hometown to have better environment.
(1.)Good environment does good
to health, for a lot of people
have diseases because of
the environmental pollution.
(2.)Better environment will attract more
tourists.
(3.)Better environment will
promote the economic
development. Besides, it will
attract more investors. Topic 2 suggested outline:
I agree that games are as important
for adults as they are for children.
(1.)Games help to build team spirit,
which is more important to adults.
(2.)Playing games may help
adults relax and feel that
they can enjoy something
else away from work.
(3.)Playing games help adults
feel the success and failure
in their lives, so they can have better mood to work.
Unit 6 From Shore to Forest, Projecting
Effects of Climate Change
1． polluted.
2． The earth warming will lead to a change of state structure.
3． The report involves more fields to deal with the impact of climate change. 4． changes.
5． explain the effect of temperature rise on natural system.
6． submerged.
7． The number of people at the risk of sea-level rise in the Long Beach area. 8． The climate change would also lead to flood inland.
9． the possible advantages of New York State compared with other places of the
country.
10． The authors will cooperate with the state agencies to deal with climate change. 11． People move to a safer inland. 12． ■If carbon emissions continue to increase at their current pace, for
example, temperatures are expected to
rise across the state by 3 degrees
Fahrenheit by the 2020s and by as much
as 9 degrees by the 2080s. That would
have profound effects on agriculture
across the state, the report found. For
example, none of the varieties of apples
currently grown in New York orchards
would be viable. Dairy farms would be
less productive as cows faced heat
stress. ■The temperature rise would
also have great impact on the state’s
natural system. ■For example, the
state’s forests would be transformed;
spruce-fir forests and alpine tundra
would disappear as invasive species like
kudzu, an aggressive weed, gained
more ground.
13． 1 3 5
1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the
text.
1) the long-term outlook
the mental picture of the future over a
relatively long time
2) making its way farther up the Hudson
River
the pollution will be extended upward
along the Hudson River
3) are expected to die out
be likely to become extinct
4) a warming Earth
the temperature of the earth is
continuously rising
5) critical structures
the most important infrastructures。