Gulliver‘s Travels：A Voyage to the Country of Houyhnhnms资料

3、Behaviors of greediness, repl
“……it produced in them some effects that wine has upon us. It would make them one sometimes hug, and sometimes tear another; they would howl, grin, and chatter, and reel, and tumble, and then fall asleep in the mud.”
Thank you. The End.
• 慧马国对人类的态度是单边的。他们仅仅 看见人类的缺点而忽略了人类内在的优点， 比如诚实、勇敢等。
What about Gulliver's travels,
and what is the characteristic?
1. Gulliver's Travels is generally regarded as
• Swift exposed the most ugly aspect of humanity, from the figure to the behavior, and from physiology to psychology.
• What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?
• The Yahoos are primitive creatures obsessed with “pretty stones” they find by digging in mud, thus representing the distasteful materialism（低 级庸俗的唯物主义 ）and ignorant elitism （无知 的精英主义）Swift encountered in Britain.
-------Para.11
选文第十段到第十三段，将耶胡贪吃一种奇特的草汁后 的行为及耶胡病的治疗与人类喝酒后的行为相对比，并用 耶胡荒唐的治疗“耶胡病”的方法讽刺了人类肮脏，污秽， 嗜酒的行为。
4、Actions of atrocity, lewdness, coquetry, censure, and scandal, hypocrisy. （凶残，淫荡，卖弄风骚，无 端是非, 虚伪）
a terrific satirical novel written by the great English prose satirist Jonathan Swift.
2. The idea of the novel is skillfully constructed and full of twists and turns. And the extensive use of satire to achieve a high artistic standard，which adds some critical color to this novel.这部小说巧妙地构造和充满了曲折。广泛
In this book, turpitude(卑鄙)、greed、 aggression（好斗）、carnality（淫 荡）、 gluttony（暴食）、 and laziness is synonymous with human beings. And that is what human beings impress Houyhnhnms. Furthermore, they even debased human understanding below the sagacity of a common hound.
• The interpretation of the Houyhnhnms has been vexatious.
• In our opinion, the Houyhnhnms are symbolized as not only perfected nature but also the emotional barrenness.
------Para.6.
选文第四段，第六段对耶胡和人类的相貌，体型特征 进行了对比，写人类的相貌及体型特征和耶胡相似，但一 样丑陋，面目可憎；而人类力气和行动的敏捷上都不如一 只普通的“耶胡”。两只后脚走起路来就很不稳当，既不 能快速地奔跑，又不能爬树，赶不上它们的地方是我力气 小、速度慢、动作笨、爪子短 。
凶残淫荡卖弄风骚无端是非虚伪选文从第十三段到结束列举了耶胡领头率耶胡一起欺负被抛弃的耶胡公母耶胡即使怀孕也要交接及母耶胡在灌木后对公耶胡卖弄风骚虚伪无耻的行为等与人类朝廷里的宠臣大臣间明争暗斗懒惰奢靡的有钱人的行为以及女性不知廉耻无端是非矫情虚伪的行为作比较
Gulliver’s Travels
Part Ⅳ A Voyage to the Country of Houyhnhnms
• The term "yahoo" has come to mean "a crude, brutish or obscenely coarse person". In the fourth volume, it uses coarse metaphors to symbolize human depravity, so we can think yahoo is a symbol of mankind.
选文从第十三段到结束，列举了耶胡领头率耶胡一起 欺负被抛弃的耶胡，公母耶胡即使怀孕也要交接，及母耶 胡在灌木后对公耶胡卖弄风骚，虚伪无耻的行为等与人类 朝廷里的宠臣大臣间明争暗斗，懒惰，奢靡的有钱人的行 为以及女性不知廉耻，无端是非，矫情虚伪的行为作比较。
But what is the Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward human beings? How do you think of that?
• In the first three volumes, the satire was directed against the English political parties, philosophers, historians and men of sciences. In the last volume, Houyhnhnms, the climax of the book, Swift is attacking the entire human race.
-------Para.9.
选文从第六段到第九段，分别写了耶胡为了争抢食物， 及彩色的石头所做的种种无知贪婪的行为，在第九段与人 类法庭上的审判作对比，在耶胡的争夺战中，“原告“和 “被告”除了丢了它们争夺的那块石头外，并没有别的损 失；可在人类的审判法庭上，不把原告和被告整得一无所 有，法庭是决不会结案的，讽刺了法庭缺乏正义，无信， 自私贪婪，不懂克制。
Chapter Ⅶ
In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliver’s Travels?
1、Features of body/shapes.(身体特征，体型，相 貌）
“As to myself, it was manifest I had neither the strength nor agility of a common yahoo; that I walked infirmly on my hinder feet; had found out a contrivance to make my claws of no use or defence, and to remove the hair from my chin, which was intended as a shelter from the sun and the weather. Lastly, that I could neither run with speed, nor climb trees like my brethren (as he called them) the yahoos in his country.”
使用的讽刺达到很高的艺术效果,增加了一些关键的色彩。
• Gulliver’s Travels was just set in the dark situation in
Britain which Swift lived in. What he described in the book responded things and persons in Britain and Europe.
--------Para.4.
“......he observed, that as I agreed in every feature of my body with other Yahoos, except where it was to my real disadvantage in my point of strength, speed, and activity, the shortness of my claws, and some other particulars where nature had no part.”
Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward people are unilateral. They only see the shortcomings of human, but ignore the lightening pot of character inside people. Except those weakness, human beings still have merits ,such as honesty, braveness, etc.
2、Characteristics of selfishness, unnatural appetite and avarice. (自私自利，膨胀的欲望，贪婪无知的习性）
“ .......since the decision he mentioned was much more equitable than many decrees among us; because the plaintiff and defendant there lost nothing beside the stone they contended for whereas our courts of equity would never have dismissed the cause, while either of them had any thing left.”