定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即除谓语以外的

× 4. We need a room to live in
× 5. We have a lot of problems to talk about
•作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
6.不定式作状语
作目的、结果要用不定式。 目的状语还可用 in order to 或so as to 结果状语还可用 so…as to…, such…as to…, enough
注意
•不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ： •but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。
to look
1.He seldom comes except ___at my pictures.(look) 2.We have no choice but _t_o_w_a_itoutside.(wait) 3.They could do nothing but _a_s_kfor help.(ask)
不定式在作表语/ 补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式 表被动意思。
to answer This question is difficult _____ (answer). Do you think him easy_to__w_o_rk (work) with? We find this rule hard t_o__re_m_ embe(remember)
非谓语动词 1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、 形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、 宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。
2．形式 不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、 定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。
动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语.
巩固练习
1.He gave us some advice on how____ EngClish.
A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn
2. It ’s a pay day，and they are waiting____. D
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid
to…, too…to…, only to…等结构来表示
1.T_o_s_a_v_e_(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.
2. He hurried to the station only _to__f_in_d( find ) the train left.
A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen
5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_____afAter drinking again
and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive
•如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作 形式宾语，
•而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 think, find, feel, consider, make
句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to do……
it important to study 1.He found _______________Russian.(study/important) 2.The computer makes___it_p_o_s_பைடு நூலகம்_i_b_le__t_o_c_a_l_c_u_la_te faster. (possible/ calculate faster)
instead of Zhang.
5看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe）
B 3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；
1感觉（feel）。
主动语态 s+v +sb + do ….
“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 被动语态。S+be +v ed+ to do…
3._T_o__b_e_g_i_n_w__it_h_（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。
8.不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where,
how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充 当主语，表语，宾语等。
1. He didn’t know what to say. 2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start.
1. They wanted __t_o__g_e_t _( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ___t_o_b_e____( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed___t_o_g__o___ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. He had promised _t_o__g_iv_e__ ( give ) me a hand.
have
4.Let us__( have) a rest.
get sb to do sth
to hand 5.The teacher got the students ____(hand )in homework.
5.不定式作定语
to come 1.He was the first person___to the classroom (come) 2. Do you have anything__to__s_ay?(say) 3. He thought out a plan _t_o__p_unish(punish) Tom.
2. _T_o_h_e_lp_( help ) others is our duty.
It is our duty to help others 3.It is easy__fo_r__th_e__s_tu__d_en_t_s_t_o__re_a_d_._
(学生读)
4. It is important _f_o_r___ Tom to get that job. It is kind __o_f___ you to help me with my English.
E.g.: The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in.
主语+be +adj. + enough +to do
E.g.: The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.
1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单数 2. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作形式主语.
3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前
加一个由 for 引起的短语,构成不定式的复合结构。
4. It is+adj+for sb to do …… （修饰物的形容词）
It is+adj+ of sb to do……… （修饰人的形容词）
3. --- A letter may be too slow.
---- Why not ____Aa telegram.
A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send
4.Our father often told us in the past that _____isBbelieving.
主语+be +too +adj. +to do
•7.不定式作独立成分
To tell (you) the truth
1.________ (实话实说), he doesn’t agree with you.
2.T_o__b_e_h_o_n_e_st_（诚实说)，I don’t like your idea
9.不定式的时态与语态：
1.I saw himg_o__o_u.(tgo out) to be held 2.I plan to attend the meeting________ tomorrow
3.He pretendedto_b__e_s_l_e_e_ping(sleep)when I came in. 4.I’m sorry _t_o_h_a_v_e__k_e_p(tkeep) you waiting. 5.The article is said t_o__h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__r_ea(dread) by many people.
主动形式表被动意义的不定式
E.g.: The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.
主语＋be +adj. +to do
能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy,
comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使 人疲劳的) ,interesting, nice , heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.
3．不定式作宾语：
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有
：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer,
manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend.
1）不定式的一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时 （或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 to do …//to be done 2）不定式的进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行
to be doing… 3）不定式的完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
to have done
to have been done
go
1.The teacher made the boy__( go )out of the classroom
2.We observed thefmin_is_h__(finish)the work
to tell
3.He was made___(tell) a story
let sb do sth
(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty
2．不定式作表语
1. Her work is _to__lo__o_k( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is __t_o_g__o( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She seemed _to__th__in_k( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _t_o_a__g_re_e( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换， 说明主语的内容。
分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补 足语、状语。
一 动词不定式 The Infinitive
(to do ……)
1. 主语
2. 宾语
不 定 式 的 作 用 3. 宾语补足语
不
4. 表语
定 不定式的时态 式 不定式的语态
5. 定语 6. 状语
1．不定式作主语：
1. _T_o__ta_lk_( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.
有do没to,有to没do
4.不定式作宾语补足语
…..+V+sb to do…
to help
A 1. I didn’t want my parents ________( help ) me.
2. We’d prefer you ___t_o__ta_k_e____( take ) the job