国际贸易学理论与政策 试题

国际贸易学理论与政策试题
《国际贸易理论与政策》试题及答案
第一套
一、Explain the following nouns:（15 points）
1. International borrowing and lending
2. Consumer surplus
3. Import-biased growth
4. Home import demand
5. Price discrimination
二、Choose the one that best completes the sentence: （10 points）
1. Internal economies of scale occur when the cost of per unit of goods depends on the size of a （）
A、 firm
B、individual
C、 industry
D、 monopoly
2. International transfers of income may affect a country’s （）by shifting the world relative demand curve.
A、 patterns of trade
B、 terms of trade
C、 balance of trade
D、 quantity of trade
3. The essential point of Ricardo’s model is that gains from trade depend on （）
A、comparative advantage
B、absolute advantage
C、balance of trade
D、quantity of trade
4. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade is （）
A、 dumping
B、 reciprocal dumping
C、 pure monopoly
D、 monopoly
5. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are （）
A、 patterns of trade
B、 terms of trade
C、 price takers
D、 price setters
三、Answer the following questions chiefly: （30 points）
1. What does the relationship between MR and price depends on？
2. What
are the failings of the Recardian Model？
3. How is trade based on external economies in its effects on national welfare？
4. What benefits and costs does an export subsidy bring for the exporting country？
5. In 1986, the price of oil on world markets dropped sharply. Since the United
States is an oil-importing country, this was widely regarded as good for
the U.S. economy. Yet, in Texas and Louisiana 1986 was a year of economic decline. Why？
6. What do factor movements include？
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
1. International factor movements can sometimes substitute for trade. （）
2. Economic growth means an inward shift in a country’s production possibility
frontier. （）
3. In reality, we can observe complete factor price equalization. （）
4. Foreign tariffs are always bad for a country and foreign export
subsidies always beneficial. （）
5. The distinctive feature of direct foreign investment is that it
involves only a transfer of resources. （）
五、Calculate the following questions: （20 points）
1、Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2.
a、Graph Home’s production possibility frontier.
b、What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas？
c、 In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be？
Why？
2、The nation of American is “small,”unable to affect world prices. It imports peanuts at the price of ＄10 per bag. The demand curve is D=400-10P.
The supply curve is S=50+5P.
Determine the free trade equilibrium. Then calculate the following effects of an import quota that limits imports to 50 bags.
a、 The increase in the domestic price.
b、The quota rents.
c、 The consumption distortion loss.
d、The production distortion loss.
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）
1、As a country seeks to employ more labor on a given amount of land, it must move to increasingly labor-intensive techniques of production, and this will normally become increasingly difficult the further the substitution of labor for land goes.
2、The fixed cost in a linear cost function gives rise to economies of scale, because the larger the firm’s output, the less is the fixed cost per unit.
3、There is no good economic justification for regarding dumping as particularly harmful, but U.S. trade law prohibits foreign firms from dumping in our market and automatically imposes tariffs when such dumping is discovered.
4、an economy’s productive capacity is described by its PPF, the differences in PPF bring out trade. Production possibilities determine a country’s RS. World equilibrium is determined by RDW and a RSW that is between the nations’ RS.
5、International trade plays a crucial role: It makes it possible for each country to produce a restricted range of goods and to take advantage of economies of scale without sacrificing variety in consumption.
答案
一、Explain the following nouns: （15 points）
1. International borrowing and lending can be viewed as a kind of international
trade, but one that involves trade of present consumption for future consumption rather than trade of one good for another.
2. Consumer surplus is the difference between the price a consumer
actually pays
and the price he would have been willing to pay.
3. Import-biased growth is the growth that biased toward the good a country
imports.
4. Home import demand means that Home consumers demand is more than Home
producers supply.
5. In general, the practice of charging different customers different prices is called
price discrimination.
二、Choose the one that best completes the sentence: （10 points）
A B A A C
三、Answering the following questions chiefly: （30 points） 1、The relationship between MR and price depends on two things： Firstly, it depends on how much output the firm is already selling. Secondly, it depends on the slope of the demand curve.
2、The failings of the Recardian Model：
(1) It has neglected the effects of inter- national trade on the income distribution within countries, and predicted countries as a whole could always gain from trade. In fact, some organized political opposition is much more important than the gains from trade.
(2) It predicts an extreme degree of specialization but not observed in the real world. (3) It has neglected trade system
(4) It has not taken scale economy into the model, and this has weakened its explaining force on the large trade flows between apparently similar nations. (5) It has omitted the costs of labor movements among the industries.
3、Trade based on external economies is ambiguous in its effects on national welfare. On one hand, it may make a country better off; on the other hand, it may also make a country worse off.
4、In the exporting country, consumers lose, producers gain, and the government loses because it must expend money on the subsidy.
5、Texas and Louisiana are states with large oil-producing sectors. The real wage of oil-producing factors of production in terms of other goods falls when the price of oil falls relative to the price of other goods. This was the source of economic decline in these states in 1986.
6、Factor movements include labor migration, the transfer of capital via international borrowing and lending, and the subtle international linkages involved in the formation of multination corporations.
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
? ? ? ? ?
五、Calculate the following questions:（20 points）
1、a、
the apple
400(1200/3)
Home’s PPF
600( 1200/2) the banana b、The opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas is 3÷2=1.5.
c、Labor mobility ensures a common wage in each sector and competition ensures the price of goods equals their cost of production. Thus, the relative price equals the relative costs, which equals the wage times the unit labor requirement for apples divided by the wage times the unit labor requirement
for bananas. Since wages are equal across sectors, the price ratio equals the ratio of the unit labor requirement, which is 3 apples per 2 bananas.
2、At a price of ＄10 per bag of peanuts, American imports 200 bags of peanuts. A quota limiting the import of peanuts to 50 bags has the following effects: a、 The price of peanuts rises to ＄20 per bag.
b、The quota rents are （＄20-＄10）×50=＄500.
c、 The consumption distortion loss is 5×100 bags×＄10 per bag=＄500.
d、The production distortion loss is 5×50 bags×＄10 per bag=＄250.
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）
1. 一国要在给定土地上雇佣更多劳动力就必须移向劳动密集型技术的生产。

事
实上是很困难的，这是因为土地与劳动力存在替代。

2. 线性成本函数的固定成本引致规模经济。

产出越大，单位固定成本越小。

3. 没有好的经济评判方法来认定倾销特别有害。

但美国贸易法限制外商倾销，
并自动启动关税。

4. 经济的生产能力是由PPF来决定的。

PPF的差异引起贸易。

生产可能决定一
国的相对供给状况。

世界市场的均衡由相对供给和需求决定。

这个相对供给在两国的相对供给之间。

5. 国际贸易的关键作用是使各国生产特定范围产品，并利用规模经济优势，且
不牺牲消费种类组合而且还会增加。

《国际贸易理论与政策》试题及答案
第二套
一、Explain the following nouns:（15 points）
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Biased growth Intra-industry trade Consumer surplus Import tariffs Economies of scale
二、Fill in the following blanks with appropriate word or phrase: （10 points）
1. If a country’s opportunity cost of producing one good in terms of
other goods is
lower than that in other countries, this country has a __________ in the production of this good.
2. One good’s __________ is the number of another good produced with the same
resources as used in the production of this good.
3. __________ reflects the possibility of all maximum combinations of two goods
that a country can produce by exploiting its limited resources.
4. __________ is the price of one good in terms of the other.
5. __________ of a country’s workers is the amount they’re paid per hour,
compared with the amount in another country are paid per hour.
三、Answer the following questions chiefly: （30 points）
1. What are the failings of the Recardian Model？
2. Why does international trade have strong effects on income distribution？
3. Why are international market imperfectly integrated？
4. What is an export subsidy？How many kinds has it？What are they？
5. Why may relative world demand for goods shift？
6. What do factor movements include？
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
1. International factor movements can sometimes substitute for trade. （）
2. Trade need be the result of comparative advantage. （）
3. Internal economies of scale leads to a perfectly competitive market structure with
many small firms. （）
4. Inter-industry trade reflects economics of scale. It is comparative advantage that
result in international trade. （）
5. Growth that is export-biased improves the terms of trade. （）
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