写作4 高考英语作文--常用句式--目的 it句型和特殊句式

高考写作4– 常用句式
句式（一）表目的
学习内容：so…that/such….that/ in order to…/ in order that…/ too…to…/ …enough to do…Step1.学习下列句子并翻译成中文
1. He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
2. The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
3. He is so clever a boy that everybody likes him.
4. He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
5. Their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other.
6. Others think the earth got too much hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more.
7. He ran fast in order to catch the train.
8.I get up early in order that i can catch the early bus.
归纳出以上句型的意思：
so…that:_____________________________ so that:________________________ such…that:__________________________ enough to do:____________________
too… to:____________________________ in order to/that:___________________
Step2.学习难点
1.so…+adj/adv…+that…:如此…以致
…so that…:引导目的状语从句（句中含有情态动词）引导结果状语从句（句中不含情态动词）
They got so excited that they cried out.（结果：因此）
The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.（目的：为了）
2. …so +adj/adv+a +名词+that…=…such+a+adj/adv+名词+that….: 如此…以致
My father was so hard-working that he always forgot his meals.
=My father was such a hardworking man that he always forgot his meals.
=My father was so hardworking a man that he always forgot his meals.
3…to+adj/adv…+to :太…以不能
He is too young to look after himself.
He got up too late to catch the first bus.
注意：①此句型本身已含有否定意思，句中不需再另加否定词。

如：He is too young to can’t look after himself.(×)
②如果too后面的形容词为happy, ready, willing, eager, anxious等表心理状态的词时，后面的动词表肯定：I’m just too eager to know the result.我只是太想知道结果了。

4.当that 引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so…that…=be…enough to do转换。

当that 引导的结果状语从句为否定句时，so…that…==too…to..==be not…enough to do
例如：He ran so fast that he could catch the first bus
= He ran fast enough to catch the first bus
David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his text paper.
= David was too careless to find the mistakes in his text paper.
= David was not careful enough to find the mistakes in his text paper.
5.In order to do 这个短语放在句子做目的状语。

In order to pass the exam, he goes over his lesson day and night.
状语主谓宾
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
主谓状语
归纳结构: In order to do, + 句子（主+谓+宾）
句子+in order to do。

In order that+句子：表示“目的”
He goes over his lesson day and night in order that he can pass the exam.
句子句子
He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.
归纳结构: 句子+in order that +句子
6. …in order that…=…so that….以为“为了”
He goes over his lesson day and night in order that he can pass the exam.
= He goes over his lesson day and night so that he can pass the exam.
根据第5.6点判断下面句子
In order to your health, you should give up smoking.
He saves money in order that buy a new computer.
Step 3 练习
1.句子转化：
①He was very excited. He couldn’t say a word.
=He was so _______ ________ he couldn’t say a word.
= He was_______excited _________ say a word.
= He ______calm __________ ______ say a word.
②He has made a great effort in his spare time. His English has improved a lot.
=He has made ______an great effort in his spare time ______ his English has improved a lot.
= He has made ______great _____ effort in his spare time ______his English has improved a lot.
③Time is precious. We can’t afford to waste it.
=Time is ____ precious _____ we can’t afford to waste it.
= Time is_____ precious for us to afford _____ waste.
⑤He sang very well, he won the first prize.
=He sang ____ _____ _____ he won the first prize.
=He sang _____ _________ _______won the first prize.
= He sang very well _________ _______he won the first prize.
⑥Jone tried to find a part-time job. He paid the school fare himself.
=Jone tried to find a part-time job____ _______ he could paid the school fare himself.
=Jone tried to find a part-time job____ _______ _____ he could paid the school fare himself.
= Jone tried to find a part-time job____ _______ to pay the school fare himself.
２.翻译下面的句子：
①迈克诚实又聪明，老师都喜欢他。

②他很爱面子，他从不接受其它小乌龟的帮助
③kate真有耐心，等了我们2小时。

④车太贵了，他买不起。

⑤她起得很早图的是得个好位置。

３．基础写作：
根据下面的信息写一篇５句话作文，要求包括下面的全部信息。

Huxley生於伦敦, 8岁时开始上学读书。

由於家境贫寒，赫胥黎只读了两年书就停学了。

但是为了坚持学习，他自学到深夜。

他家里太穷买不起书桌，Huxley就点起一支蜡烛，坐在床上读书。

赫胥黎对医学方面很感兴趣，但是当他想进外科学院进修深造时，因为年龄太小，未能如愿以尝。

赫胥黎求知欲非常旺盛，他在工作之余，又自学了法、德、意、拉丁和希腊等语言，成为一个自学成才的伟大学者。

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写作句型训练（一）答案
句子转换：
1.excited that/ too to /wasn’t enough to
2.such that/ so an that/
3.so that/ too to/
4.so well that/ well enough to / so that
5.so that/ in order that/ in order/
翻译句子：
1.Mike is so honest and clever that his teachers all like him.
= Mike is such an honest and bright boy that all his teachers think highly of him
=Mike is so honest and bright a boy that he was spoken highly of by all of his teachers.
2.He loved face so much that he didn’t accept the little turtles’ help.
= He cared about his face so much that he wasn’t ready to get any help from the little turtles.
3.Kate is patient enough to wait for us for 2 hours.
4.The car is too expensive to buy.= The car is so expensive that he can’t buy.
5.She got up early in order to get a good seat.
=She got up early in order tht she can get a good seat.
写作；
Huxley, born in London, began his school at the age of 8 and his family was so poor that he dropped out of school two years later. However, in order to keep on studying, he taught himself until mid-night. His family was too poor to afford a desk, so he sat in bed reading books with a candle burning. He showed great interest in medicine, but when he wanted to study in a college of surgeon, he was not old enough to realize his dream. He was so energetic that he studied French, German, Italian, Latin and Greece in spare time , becoming a great self-taught scholar.
句式（二）it句型
学习内容：It’s+adj+(for sb)+to do /that… It’s+adj+of+sb+to do
It’s+n+(for sb)+to do/doing /that…
…think/belive…+it+adj+to /that… …think/belive…+it+n+doing/that
Step1.学习并翻译下列句子：
1.It’s difficult for him to give up smoking.
2.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam.
3.It’s very kind of you to help me.
4.It’s a pity that we can’t go.
5.It’s said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.
6.It’s no using crying over spilt milk.
7.I think it best that you should do more exercise.
8.He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
9.She thought it no good worrying about him.
思考：找出1-6句的主语____________. 找出7-9句的宾语___________
归纳：①.1-6句中的it为形式主语，没有真正的意义，它的作用是帮助把真正的主语移至句子的后面，使句子显得平衡，句子的真正主语是句中的to do/doing/that从句。

②.7-9句中的it为形式宾语，句子真正宾语是句中的to do/doing/that从句。

例如：It is difficult for him to give up smoking.
形主系表主语
She thought it no good worrying about him.
主谓形宾宾补宾语
Step2.学习难点
1.It+be+adj(obvious,important,natural,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,surpr ising,necessary,strange…)+(for sb)+to do/that从句
It is important for us to learn English.
It is certain that she will do well in the exam.
注意：当It+be+adj+that此句型中的形容词为：important, natural,desirable,advisable,strange…则需要虚拟即：It’s+be+adj（important, natural,desirable,advisable,strange…）+that sb (should) do: It is important that we(should) learn English.
2.It+be+adj+of sb +to do
It is very kind of you to help me. 你真好，帮助我。

本句型中的形容词必须是能表示人物（逻辑主语）特征的形容词，常见有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, modest, naught, polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise等。

3.It +be+n(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a fact…)+to do /that从句
It +be+n(no good , no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish…)+doing
It is a pity that we can’t go.
It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.
It is an honor to attend this meeting.
It is no harm drinking running water in that area.
注意：当It+be+n+that此句型中的名词为：a pity, no wonder, a shame…则需要虚拟即：It’s+be+n （a pity, no wonder, a shame…）+that sb (should) do: It is a pity that you (should) be so careless.
4.It +be +pp(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, …)+that从句
It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
注意：当It+be+pp+that此句型中的分词为：desired, suggested, ordered, requested, proposed,表示请求，建议，命令则需要虚拟即：It’s+be+pp（desired, suggested, ordered, requested, proposed,…）+that sb (should) do: It’s suggested she should finish her homework this afternoon.
5. …think/believe/made/consider/imagine/discover/see…+it+adj+to do/that…
I think it important (for us) to learn English.我认为学英语很重要。

We think it highly probable that he is dead.我们认为他很有可能死了。

6. …think/believe/made/consider/imagine/discover/see…+it+n+ doing/that…
We think it no using crying over spilt milk.
I think it a pity that you couldn’t attend my birthday party.
Step 3练习
（1）完成句子。

1．________ is no wonder_______ he got the first prize.
2．_____ is obvious ________ ____________(go) for sports will do much good to your health. 3．It ______ _______(say) that the disaster caused great damage.
4．It _____________(occur) to me that we should call the police first.
5．_____ is ______ great importance _______ we should show respect to others.
6．It was I ________ told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
7．It is no good/use ____________(recycle) so many plastic bags.
8．It is _______ shame that we students cheat in exams instead of working hard.
9．It is foolish _________ us to treat our earth so badly.
10.It is of great value ________ us students to do a part-time job on holidays.
(2).翻译句子
1．人们相信我们国家将越来越强大。

2．做早操是很有必要的。

3．教会孩子如何向父母表达自己的爱是很有意义的。

4．早恋对青少年的危害是不言而喻的。

5．我认为被你们学校录取将是件很荣幸的事。

6．必要时向他人说不是很明智的。

7．很难想象如果我们地球没有树木。

8．据报道，在这次地震中，有个人在没有水的条件下生存了100多个小时。

9．我错过那次好机会真的太可惜了。

10．他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。

（3）基础写作：
英语写作句型训练三
假如你是李华，你班同学参加了报社组织的一场讨论，主题是“城市内是否可以养宠物”。

请你就下表提供的信息给报社写信，介绍讨论的情况，说明自己的观点或建议。

Dear editor,
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets in cities. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ One possible version:
Dear editor,
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets in cities. Some students think it is a good idea to keep pets, because pets can give company to many old people who live alone at home. Besides, getting along well with animals will make our life more interesting. On the contrary, the other students who are against the idea believe if too many people keep pets, it will do harm to the environment. What’s worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people.
I like animals, so I don’t think it’s bad to keep pets, but we must take some measures to prevent them from polluting our environment.
句式（三）特殊句式
学习内容：强调句型：it+be+强调部分+ that+其它
Only+状语→引起的倒装
until….. not until… 句型
Step 1. 学习并翻译下面的句子：
1. It was him that we met at the school gate.
2. Only in this way can we learn English well.
3. You are to stay here until/till your mother comes back.
4. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
思考：句子①和②分别是什么句式：____________________, __________________
Step 2. 学习难点：
1. Only+状语（副词，介词短语，状从）置于句首引起的倒装
Only in this way can we learn English well.（we can learn English well in this way）介短
Only then did I realize my mistakes. (I realize my mistakes then.)
副
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (when he returned did we find out the truth.)状从（主句倒装从句不倒）
注意：①Only+状语（副词，介词短语，状从）置于句首引起的倒装属于部分倒装，即：把句中的助动词、情态动词置于主语的前面，如句①can we;当原句中没有或你想表达的句子中没有助动词或情态动词时，则需要另添加助动词（do/does/did）来表示倒装，如句②did I，句③did we. 添加的助动词的时态必须与原句的时态保持一致。

②only修饰主语时句子不倒装。

判断下列句子的正误：
1.Only after the war learned he the sad news.
2.Only after the war he learned the sad news.
3.Only after the war did he learned the sad news.
4.Only can he answer the question.
5.Only he answer the question.
6.Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
2. 强调句型：it+be+强调部分+ that+其它
We met him at the school gate.
It was him that we met at the school gate.
强调部分其它
It was at the school gate that we met him.
强调部分其它
注意：如何判断强调句/写出正确的强调句：当把句中的It is/was ….that 删去，剩下的部分
仍能组成一个完整的句子。

. It was him that we met at the school gate.(√)
It is clear that not all the boys like football.(×) 形式主语
It was in 1919 that he was born. (√)
It was 1919 that he was born. （×）定从
3. not until….句型：直到….才
The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish died in the river.
注意：①not …until… 句型的前半部分是需要否定形式的（即通过助动词、情态动词：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/can’t/haven’t/won’t….来否定）所选用的助动词的时态与原句保持一致。

②此句型的后半句（从句部分）需要用一般现在时表示将来。

Jane won’t go back home until she finishes her home work.
③not …until… 句型可以转化为倒装句和强调句
1. not until放在句首主句要半倒装。

2. 强调：it is/was not until+强调部分+that+其它
The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish died in the river.
Not until the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
Step 3. 练习
（1）完成句子：
1. His mother _______ ______(go) to bed _______ he got home.
2. I sent my mother a letter yesterday.
（强调主语）_______________________________________________________
（强调宾语）_______________________________________________________
（强调时间状语）___________________________________________________
3. I didn’t realize my key had been left on the bus until I got it off.
（强调时间状语）____________________________________________________
（改成倒装句）_____________________________________________________
4.They ________ _________(realize)their fault ______ we pointed it out to them.
5.只有在做了几百次试验之后，他们才成功地解决这一问题。

_______ ________ they had performed hundreds of experiments ________ they succeed in solving the problem.
6.只有抓住今天，才能不丢失明天。

______ ______ you seize today ______ _______ not lose tomorrow.
（2）翻译句子
1. 我们呆了几周才发现我们有许多共同点。

2.因为我姐上了大学她才过上了稳定的生活。

3.是我的朋友在我遇到困难时帮我解决的。

4．只有当自由失去时，人们才懂得它的价值。

5．直到看到你的来信，我才了解事情的原委。

6．只有通过这种方式我们才能学好英语
(3)基础写作：
根据下面的信息写一篇５句话作文，要求包括下面的全部信息。

假如你是一名大学生，对近年来年轻人孝敬父母情况颇有己见，请根据下面提供的信息向报社写信谈谈你的看法。

年轻人的心态：父母为自己打理一切，不需要替父母，甚至替自己操心
父母的心态：正因为年轻人学习工作压力大，所以不应该给他们负担
问题所在：只有当我们老了的时候才懂得父母真正需要什么
你的看法：从今天起，为父母做点小事，比如一个电话问候，一个节日礼物。

不要到“子欲养而亲不在”的时候。

Dear editor，
I’m writing to you to talk about how the young do their duties for their parents.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________写作基本句型训练(三)
（1）完成句子：
1．didn’t go/ until
2. It was I that sent my mother a letter yeaterday.
It was my mother that I sent a letter yeaterday./ It was a letter that I sent my mother yeaterday.
It was yesterday that I sent my mother a letter.
3. It was not until I got it off that I realized my key had been left on the bus.
Not until I got it off did I realize my key had been left on the bus.
4. didn’t realize / until
5. Only after/ did
6. Only when/ can you
（2）翻译句子
1. It was not until we stayed for weeks that we got to know we had much in common.
2.It was because my sister had finished her college that she could led a stable life.
3. It was my friend who helped me out when I got into trouble.
4.Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
5.I didn’t understand the true of affairs until I had read your letter.
6.Only in this way can we learn English well.
(3)基础写作：
The young believe that their parents have done everything for them so that they don’t need to care about themselves and their parents. While parents hold that it is because the young have too much pressure on study and work that they shoudn’t increase their additional burden. However, as a matter of fact, only when we are old can we understand what our parents want. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, from now on we should do something for our parents such as making a phone or sending them a gift. In a word, we cn’t wait to honor our parents until one day they pass away.。