2020年高考英语之高频考点解密二 名词和主谓一致

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解密02名词和主谓一致考点详解
【命题解读】
名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。

名词部分主要考查:
①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面:
①语法一致
②意义一致
③就近原则
【命题预测】
语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。

主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。

【名师指导】
1. 整体把握,注意语境
从近年高考试题看,高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境,在语境中考查名词的相关知识。

做题时,既要全面、整体地看题干,还要注意分析句子成分,并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。

通常,涉及名词考点的试题包括:
(1)根据语境判断名词的单复数;
(2)提示词是形容词、动词等此类,根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词;
(3)名词的固定搭配;
(4)名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识
2. 确定考点,注意搭配
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识,解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点,试题是考查名词的词类转换,还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格,还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等,确定了考点之后,再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。

3. 多记单词,积累词缀
高考对名词的考查注重基础,我们在平时的复习中要打好基础,掌握足够的考纲词汇,并熟知其常见搭配和用法,并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。

4. 巧用就近原则
当主语是由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列成分时以及在there be 句型中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。

一、名词的种类
专有名词普通名词
国名地名人名,团体
机构名称
可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
二、名词的数
1. 可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况方法例词
一般情况加-s students,teachers,doc tors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs
以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies 以元音字母+y结尾加-s boys,toys,pianos,photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v,再加
-es thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
考向1 名词的数
【名师点睛】
①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即Negroes,heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。

但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。

②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,再加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。

但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。

③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。

如:woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth
foot脚,英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena
medium传播媒介→media
②常见单复数同形的名词:
Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。

其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。

☞Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
☞Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③合成名词的复数形式:
son-in-law → sons-in-law passer-by → passers-by story-teller → story-tellers 【名师点睛】
名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl student → girl students 但是man/woman+名词时,前后都要变为复数:
woman singer → women singers
1. (2019·新课标卷II·短文改错)Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. 【答案】job改为jobs
【解析】考查名词的数。

“job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。

故将job改为jobs。

2.(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66(that / which)___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。

一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。

根据句意用复数形式。

故填causes。

2.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错)Last winter when I went here(改为there)again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。

他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。

根据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。

3. (2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】sort在此意为“种类”,是可数名词,和all搭配时用复数形式。

故将sort改为sorts.
4.(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。

此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。

2. 不可数名词
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词:advice建议,furniture家具,fun乐趣;information信息,news 新闻,weather天气,progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。

(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义
success 成功成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事
beauty 美;美丽美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险危险的人或因素
delight 高兴令人高兴的事
failure 失败失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。

②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。

例如:
☞Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。

(3)“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。

能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance, value, use, significance, help 等。

☞It’s of no practical use to me.这对我没什么实际用途。

☞The work I am doing is not of much value. 我做的工作没有多大价值。

1. Your advise is of little ____.it doesn't help to improve our English.
A. useful
B. uselessness
C. importance
D. helpless
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查的是“be of +(形容词)+抽象名词”的用法。

useful 和helpless为形容词,故排除A和D, 根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”,前半句也应该表示否定意义,little 本来就表否定意义,而uselessness又是否定意义,故排除B.
2. She has gained many unforgettable _____ about animals when _____ in the forest doing research.
A. experiences; stayed
B. experiences; staying
C. experience; stayed
D. experience; staying
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知,experience在这里表示经历,因此为可数名词,所以排除C项和D项。

When 引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致,并且从句中有系动词时,可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略,故用staying。

所以B项正确。

句意:当停留在森林里做研究时,她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。

3. 表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
◆修饰可数的量词:a number of, the number of, many, a great/good many few , a few, several
◆修饰不可数的量词:a large amount of , huge amounts of, a great deal of, much, too much little,
a little ◆两个皆可修饰的量词:some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of , quantity of
考向2 名词的格
1. -’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。

☞Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。

☞Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。

②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。

at the barber’s在理发店at the teacher’s在老师办公室
2. of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。

the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
3. 双重所有格
指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。

a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友
)
【答案】grandmother改成grandmother’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。

句意:上周一,我突然想到我深爱的祖母的生日就要到了。

文中表示“祖母的生日”,用名词所有格,所以grandmother改成grandmother’s。

2.(2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。

【解析】考查名词的格。

名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。

名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。

此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。

3. mother was unconscious for five hours after being admitted to hospital.
A. John and Mary
B. John’s and Mary’s
C. John’s and Mary
D. John and Mary’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。

此处主语是单数名词,表示"约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈",所以只在最后一个名词词尾加-’s。

如表示"他们各自的母亲",则用John’s and Mary’s mothers。

考向3 名词作定语
1. 直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。

college students大学生girl friend女友
vegetable garden菜园basketball match篮球赛
☞Le t’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
☞He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。

2. 名词所有格作定语。

students’ books学生用书China’s capital中国的首都
the world’s population世界人口
3. man,woman,gentleman作定语
man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。

☞He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day.
他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。

☞There are many men teachers in our school.
我们学校有很多男教师。

4. 某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。

arms production 武器生产clothes shop服装商店
sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所foreign languages department外语系
5. 单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。

☞Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
6. 表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。

a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)
a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
7. 两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。

women drivers女司机the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
8. 名词与其同根形容词都可以作定语,但意思上往往有差别:用名词作定语时,表示被修饰的名词的质地
或性质;用名词的同根形容词作定语,则说明被修饰的名词的特征。

gold watch 金表(指手表是含金的)
golden watch 金色的表(指表是金色的,但不一定含金)
(2018·浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。

此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。

高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则考点详解例句
语法一致1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、
动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一
般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词
用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
What he said is very important for us all.
The children were in the classroom two
hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来
的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动
词。

Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when
they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有
with,together with,except,but,like,
as well as,rather than,more than,no less
than,besides,including等引起的短语,
谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,
谓语用复数形式。

Mr. Green,together with his wife and
children,has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
playground.
She,like you and Tom,is very tall.
考向4 主谓一致
一、语法一致
语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.单数n.,不可数n.,不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数。

☛His father is working on the farm.
☛Time is money.
☛To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的
并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。

☛What I bought were 3 English books.
☛What I say and do are helpful to you.
2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

☛Lucy and Lily are twins.
☛She and I are friends.
☛Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

☛The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时,谓语动词
用单数。

☛Every student and every teacher was in the room.
☛No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。

☛Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
☛Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
☛She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of +复数名词,还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

☛Each of us has a new book.
☛Everything around us is matter.
☛Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
5.定语从句中,关系代词that, which, who 作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。

☛He is one of my students who are working hard.
☛He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
1.(2019·新课标卷I·语法填空)Of ___69(the)___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。

根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。

2.(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。

医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。

这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。

故填is。

3. In recent year
years,air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas,which have led to
severe consequences.
【答案】have改为has
【解析】考查主谓一致。

句意:在最近一年,在一些地区空气污染越来越严重,这导致严重后果。

此处是前面整个句子作先行词,所以后面非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是单数第三人称形式,故把have →ha s。

6. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等,指整体时,用单数;指集体的成员时,用复数。

☛His family is a happy one.
☛The whole family are watching TV.
☛The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
☛One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词,或者是分数/百分数+名词构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。

☛The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
☛A lot of time is wasted.
☛A lot of people take part in the meeting.
☛2/3 water is drunk by him.
☛2/3 students are absent.
8.倒装句中,谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。

☛On the wall are many pictures.
☛Such is the result.
☛Such are the facts.
二、意义一致原则
1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语,因为其在概念上是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

☛Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
☛One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
2.如果是书名,片名,格言,剧名,报名,国名等的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。

☛The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half +复数n.,谓语动词用单数。

☛One and a half apples is left on the table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数(加减乘除)
4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语,用单数。

☛Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
☛Mathematics is the study of numbers.
☛Politics, economics, athletics等。

5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语,意义一致。

☛The glass works was built up in 1980.
☛These glass works are near the railway station.
6.由两部分组成的名词,trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

a pair of 等量词时,视情况而定。

7.The +adj. 表示一类人,作主语时用复数。

☛The young are usually very active.
☛The old are lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1. 当两个主语由either … or,neither … nor,whether … or …,not only …but a lso连接时,谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。

☛Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。

2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。

如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个
主语保持一致。

☛There are two pens,a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔,一本书和三支铅笔。

☛There is a book,two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三支铅
笔。

3. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

☛Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。

Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。

4. 就远原则:谓语动词与前面主语一致。

主语后面接连接性短语时,这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系,即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。

此类连接性短语有as well as,as much as,along with,with,like,rather than, together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等。

☛Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样,对我很好。

☛She,like you and betty,is very clever.像你和betty一样,她也很聪明。

四、"名词+介词短语"作主语
名词或代词后接as well as,with,along with,together with,except,but等短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。

☛She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。

☛He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。

☛Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我,没人知道。

五、不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。

☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。

☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。

☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。

2. 当复合不定代词someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。

☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?
☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。

☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。

六、特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,即使其形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。

☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。

(国名)
☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。

(人名)
2. "the+形容词"作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数。

☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。

☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。

3. 以-s结尾的学科名词,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news,plastics 等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。

☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。

☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。

4. 单复数形式相同的名词,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。

☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。

☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。

【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一国人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。

七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。

☛Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。

☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。

2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数,其中加法与乘法也可用复数。

☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。

☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。

3. "many a/more than one+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。

☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。

4. "one and a half+复数名词"作主语时,谓语用单数。

☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。

☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。

5. the rest of... 短语作主语时,如果of后接复数名词,谓语用复数;如果of后接不可数名词,谓语用单数。

☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。

☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。

6. "none of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。

☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。

7. "a number of+名词复数"表示"许多/大量的……",其后的谓语动词用复数;"the number of+名词复数"表示"……的数量",其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。

☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。

☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。

8. "a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词"作主语,谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。

如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果of后是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。

☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。

☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。

八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数。

☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。

☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。

☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。

难点剖析
一、名词类别间的互换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) ②If there were no examination, we should have ______ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time ③ is money. A. The time B. A time C. Time D. Times
①Oh, John. _____you gave me!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
抽象名词转换为普通 C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
名词可用来表示“一 ②She looked up
when I shouted.
次、一阵、一种”具体
的行为、事件、现象 A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise
D.in some surprise
或结果。

这时名词前 其他例子:The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some 往往有形容词修饰 unpleasant surprise
③It is _____ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual
二、 主谓一致的其他情况
其他情况
例句
and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词常常使用复 The writer and teacher is coming.
数;但是 and 连接的并列主语指同一人、同 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
一物时,谓语使用单数。


The writer and the teacher are coming.


作家和老师来了。

(作家和老师是两个人)
" 单 数 名 词 或 代 词 + 名 词 或 代 词 Mike with his father has been to England.
+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。


with/as well as /rather than/such as/together Mike, like his brother,enjoys playing football.
with+名词或代词作主语,谓语使用单数形 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。


式,如果之前的名词或代词是复数,则谓语
使用复数。


"the number of+复数名词"作主语谓语用 The number of the students is over eight hundred.
单 数 ; " a(good/large) number of+ 复 数 名 学生人数超过八百。


词"作主语,谓语动词用复数。


A number of teachers are present today,and the
number of them is 500.
许多教师今天都出席了,有 500 人。


由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.
语,谓语动词用复数,如 chopsticks,glasses, 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。


shoes,socks,stockings, trousers, boots 等。

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 若此类名词被"a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时, 近些天,眼镜的售价很高。


谓语动词用单数。


当 not only... but also...,not... but...,or, Neither Jack and I have seen this film. either... or….,neither... nor...等连接并列主语 杰克和我都没有看过这部电影
时,以及在 there be 句型中,谓语动词的单 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.
复数形式采用就近一致原则。


或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。


某些集体名词 class, club, family, team, group The company has grown rapidly in the last five
等作主语时,谓语动词采用意义一致原则, years.
即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单 这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。


复数形式。


The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this
picture.
在这张相片里,全家人正在庆祝感恩节。


【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词使用单数形式,如果这一类

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