2012年4月25日教研试卷

2012年上半年上海龙文教育调研英语试卷第1卷Grammar and VocabularySection A（16*1’）25. A huge amount of money has been spent ______the new bridge.A. inB. onC. withD. for26. They don't come to the book club any more, for ______reasons or other.A. someB. allC. eitherD. both27. You _____ bring your identification when you open a bank account.A. mayB. canC. mustD. will28. After the accident, we are _____ concerned with the safety of school buses than we used to be.A. littleB. lessC. muchD. more29. Before I began this job, I _____ a baby sitter for two years.A. have beenB. wasC. would beD. had been30. The diamond mine _______ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.A. discoveredB. was discoveredC. has been discoveredD. would discover31. Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle _____ his classmates regarded it as a challenge.A. whileB. becauseC. unlessD. if32. People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet _____ their nutritional needs.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. to satisfyD. having satisfied33. Once __, Jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.A. having marriedB. being marriedC. marryingD. married34. _____ you take a photo, you should always check the position of the sun.A. BeforeB. AfterC. BecauseD. Though35. Despite the fact _____ they lacked food, the explorers continued towards the goal.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether36. Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement _______took courage.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. where37. _____a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful.A. KickingB. KickedC. Having kickedD. Kick38. It was not until 1920 American women had the chance to vote in national elections.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which39. Portable videophones will show us _____ is happening at the other end of the line.A. whichB. whatC. howD. why40. Big companies usually have a lot of branch offices _____ in different parts of the world.A. to have operatedB. be operatedC. operatingD. having operatedSection B（9*1’）A. accountedB. averageC. continuousD. rankE. linkF. comparison G additional H. associated I. risk J. confirmedTelevision watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even 41 alongside those from smoking and obesity (肥胖). Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) 42 of six hours a day shorten their lift, expectancy (预期寿命) by almost five years.They based their calculations on data on the 43 between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved l 1,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it 44 for 286,000 years of life lost—equivalent to 22 minutes for each, hour watched. By 45 , smoking one cigarette is estimatedto shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes -- equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest "huge loss of life may be 46 with too much TV viewing." The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected "given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns." The researchers add: "If these figures are 47 and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors."Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes' exercise a week,—equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week -- reduced their 48 of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could postpone one in six of all deaths —similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each 49 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15*1’)A screen door (纱门) allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. 50 , communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without 51 , there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be 52 in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they be from the student, parents or friends.For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to 53 . While parents are naturally 54 about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting accustomed to their new home, making new friends and 55 to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home andthey may not appreciate the degree of their parents' 56 curiosity.For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more 57 . This circumstance can bring a 58 period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly 59 to sense their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as 60 , we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to 61 the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of 62 for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will 63 their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created 64 , communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.50. A. Relatively B. Contrarily C. Typically D. Similarly51. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. communication52. A. sensitive B. confident C. casual D. modest53. A. worry B. regret C. cheer D. wonder54. A. uninformed B. curious C. happy D. sensible55. A. adding B. referring C. adjusting D. leading56. A. strange B. increasing C. awakened D. normal57. A. formally B. frequently C. sincerely D. patiently58. A. disappointing B. recovering C. challenging D. training59. A. damaging B. disturbing C. demanding D. exhausting60. A. protectors B. reminders C. inspectors D. individuals61. A. maintain B. establish C. restore D. cut62. A. relief B. responsibility C. achievement D. embarrassment63. A. get bored with B. get upset with C. be ignorant of D. be honest with64. A. opportunity B. uncertainty C. unhappiness D. nervousness Section B(20*2’)(A)For six hours we shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty -- we hadn't seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving next to me. I glanced in the mirror ofthe car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them -- brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan: "Look!", but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened."Wild horses?" he said. "Why didn't you wake me up?""I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.""Are you sure you didn't dream it?""You were the one who was sleeping!"'Typical, he said. "The best photos are the ones we never take."We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.65.During their journey in Africa, the two travelers________.A. made friends with local residentsB. complained about the poor living conditionsC. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert mostD. recorded their experiences in different ways66. What does the phrase "heroic forms" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Racing cars.B. Wild horses.C. Eye-catching locals.D. Running dogs.67. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened?A. He always missed out on the best thing.B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.C. A sound sleep was more important.D. The next trip would be better.68. What is 'the passage mainly about?A. How to view wildlife in Africa.B. Running into wildlife in Africa.C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.D. Possible dangers of travelling in the desert.(B)The Age of UnreasonCharles HandyIn his book The Age of Unreason Professor Handy describes the dramatic changes that are taking place in our lives today and warns that we must adapt to these changes if we want to survive in the future.Handy believes that in the future less than 50% of the workforce will be employed full-time by an organization. These full-time employees will be the qualified professionals, technicians, and managers who are essential to an organization. Their working lives will be a lot more demanding than today, but in return they will be well-paid and they will retire earlier. The rest of the workforce will Be self-employed or will work part-time, providing organizations with the products and services they require on a contract basis. Handy forecasts a big increase in the number of working mothers in future and believes there will be a large number of unemployed.Handy gives us plenty of figures to worry about. He estimates that by the year 2040, one person in five will retire, and one in ten will be over seventy-five years old. There will be one retiree to every three people of working age, and even more than that in countries such as Germany and Switzerland, where the proportion will beas much as one to two. Retirees will remain healthy and active for longer than they do today and many will live to be a hundred years old, a fact which leads Handy to suggest that the term retirement will no longer be appropriate. He suggests the third age is a more appropriate description, since it will be as important a part of our lives as the first age of learning and the second age of working are for us today.69.Professor Handy wrote the book most probably to________.A. warn us of potential social problems in the futureB. predict the leading professions in the coming yearsC. describe the effect of unemployment on societyD. suggest a better term for future retirement70. According to Protcssor Handy, the future workforce will________.A. adapt to the changes in retirement easilyB. be mainly self-employedC. have fewer full-time workers than todayD. work on a contract basis71. From the last paragraph, we learn that about 30 years from now,________.A. the number of retirees will double in many countriesB. ageing will be a common and serious problemC. 10% of the population will live to be 100 years oldD. the third age will be the most important part of our lives(C)Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness tolearn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits(引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.72. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because________.A. he could litter express his ideas that wayB. he always pointed his finger at his professorC. his professor did not like his gesturingD. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking73. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.[). It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.74. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?A. They can stimulate our creativity.B. Instructors should make full use of them.C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.75. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hand Motions, a Second LanguageB. Gesturing: Signal of UnderstandingC. New Uses of GesturingD. The Secret Code of LearningSection CA. Kids' watching e-books is far from reading.B. Reading bedtime stories is a rarely changed routine.C. What really counts is the words that appear.D. E-books are cool in a technological sense.E. Parents prefer to read real books to their children.F. E-books for children are not that well-received.76. ___________________In my house, bedtime stories are holy. Rarely does something change the nightly routine, although feverish kids have been known to be tucked in, without story. But last week, my 4-year-old awoke at 1 a.m. with this complaint: "You forgot to read me my bedtime story." She was right. So I pulled a book from her shelf' and cuddled her close as she turned the pages.Reading forges connections between parents and children (even in the middle of the right, it's also good for little brains.77. ___________________But does the form in which the words appear matter? The New York Times reports that parents --- even those who are avid digital downloader’s---are avoiding kids' e-books for the real things. It seems that the feel and texture of paper pages along with colorful illustrations beats the static dimensions of a screen.78. ___________________The article ran in the paper's Monday business section, but it may be more of a cultural tale. More than 25% of some adult literature is sold digitally, but e-books targeted at kids under 8 take up less than 5% of total children's book sales. "Reading a childhood classic on an e-reader is such a cold thing to do.," says Carol Moyer, head of the children's department at Quail Ridge Books. "E-books don't have the warmth and intimacy of the illustration on the page."79. ___________________Technology fans believe e-books can compete. On CNET, Rick Broida sings the praises of the iPad, which "can do a lot more than just display static pages. It can read stories aloud; it can enrich a classic tale with 'touch-powered extras; and it can even render pages in 3D." he describes Alice in Wonderland -- "Alice for the iPad" -- as a classic tale that involves animation like no other e-book to date. Readers can tilt the iPad to make Alice grow, shrink and so on.80. ___________________Sounds cool, but it seems more like a movie than a book. Watching digital dramatizations of stories isn't reading. When my kindergartener spent tech-lab time following instructions to surf an e-books site, her teacher recognized that she wasn't reading; she was learning to use a computer.Section DAn African-bom British scientist received an environment research prize at the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) meeting for showing how bees can be used to reduce conflict between people and elephants. Lucy King's work proved that beehive "fences"(蜂箱"栅栏")can keep elephants out of African farmers' fields. The animals are scared of bees, which can bite them inside their long noses, and flee when they hear buzzing (蜂鸣声).Dr King's work offers an intelligent solution to an age-old challenge, while providingfurther confirmation of the importance of bees to people and a really clever way of preserving the world's largest land animal for current and future generations. Working in Kenya, Dr King and her team showed that more than 90% of elephants will flee when they hear the sounds of buzzing bees. Afterwards, they also found that elephants produce a special sound to warn their fellows of the danger. They used the findings to construct barriers where beehives are woven into a fence, keeping the elephants away from places where people live and grow food.A two-year project involving 34 farms showed that elephants trying to go through the fences would shake them, disturbing the bees. Later, the fences were adopted by farming communities in three Kenyan districts -- whoalso made increased amounts of money from selling honey. "Dr Lucy King has designed a constructive solution that considers the needs of animals but also the economic benefits to the local communities linked to species preservation," said CMS executive secretary Elizabeth Maruma Mrema.As Africa's population grows, competition for space between people and elephants is becoming more serious, and there are fatalities on both sides. The same is true in parts of Asia. Sri Lanka alone sees the deaths of all estimated 60 people and 200 elephants each year from conflict.Working with the charity Save the Elephants, Lucy King now wants to see whether the Kenyan technique will work in other parts of Africa -- and perhaps, eventually, in Asia. "With Asia, there are some issues we'd have to look at -- it's a totally different elephant species, the bee species are different, it rains a lot more, we have animals like bears that love honey -- but I'd be very interested in sharing my research with anyone with experience in Asia to see whether it could work there," she said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Lucy King's research shows that by using bees, can be reduced.82. How do most elephants in Kenya respond to the sounds of buzzing bees?83. Dr. King's work is regarded as a constructive solution, for it considers___________________.84. What four issues should be thought about in the application of Lucy King's findings in Asia?Translation(20第一题3分，第二、三、四题4分，第五题5分)1. 完成这项任务要花好几个月的时间。