黑龙江省澧县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选练1

湖南澧县2017高考英语（一轮）阅读理解选练
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win­win situation all around.”
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three­year waiting list.
George C．Ball Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.
本文讲述了由于生活费用增高，加上经济下降，越来越多的人开始自己种菜，并且现在人们开车少了，旅游少了，有更多的时间来种菜，减少生活费用。

1. What does the underlined word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．chickens B．tomatoes
C．gardens D．people
答案：A。

词义猜测题。

由上文的a chicken house(鸡舍)可知，它的居民应该是小鸡，故A
项正确。

2．Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?
A．More Americans are doing it for fun. B．The price of oil is lower than before. C．There's a growing need for fruits. D．The cost of living is on the rise. 答案：D。

细节理解题。

由短文第二段第一句话可知，由于生活费增高，经济下降，越来越多
的人们开始自己种菜。

故D项正确。

3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Family Food Planning B．Banking on Gardening
C．A Belt­tightening Move D．Gardening as a Hobby
答案：B。

主旨大意题。

本文主要讲述了由于生活费用增高，经济下降，迫使人们自己种菜来减少开支。

A项意为：家庭食物计划；B项：依靠种菜；C项：紧缩腰带运动；D项：把种菜当做爱好。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extr emely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added diffic ulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
41. The robotic fly project has been conducted __________.
A. just by accident
B. within a decade
C. just by a professor
D. for more than ten years
42. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not assemble the components
43. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.
A. consists of a flight device and a control system
B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time
C. can collect information from many sources
D. has been put into wide application
44. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Father of Robotic Fly
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study
【参考答案】41-45. DCBDC
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

【2013届广东省高三上期末华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】D
A lot of interesting things have happened in the past several months as people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money. A lot of changes have been accelerated by the fuel shocks during the summer of 2008; in a lot of ways we seem to be reverting to the frugal(economical) sensibilities of a past generation. More people are choosing to be more picky when they swipe their credit cards even if that means not buying things until they have money in their bank accounts, the days of the $0-down mortgage(抵押贷款)seem to be murdered, and there is a lot more acceptance of environmentally-friendly technologies that promise to reduce our overall dependency on foreign oil even if it means taking a hit to the excesses that used to define our quality of living.
An interesting new trend being taken by small businesses is the practice of offering discounted prices to customers willing to pay in cash. This is not the same as paying “under the table”---rather, the store saves its merchant processing fees and passes those savings on to the customers. The idea is a good one in principle---paying in cash forces consumers to take stock of what they are spending as much as it saves stores from transaction(交易) fees.
Of course there are drawbacks to the plan. When people pay in cash, they tend to be more conservative with their spending since they tangibly(really) feel their
money leave their possession. That will cause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice before buying high—margin “impulse” products at checkout whereas before they might not have thought twice before charging it. Increased volume of cash handling opens stores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉), not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physical currency.
Our family has saved a fortune by switching to cash. When getting to the bottom of your change jar means no more purchase power until your next pay period, you really start to appreciate the fine art of merchandising(做买卖) and the expertise applied to make you want to buy more and more. Cold hard cash feels more organic, and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.
56. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A. customers are in a more favorable position by paying in cash.
B. people will not be allowed to use their credit cards if there is no money in their bank account.
C. people have adjusted their way of living to the new situation.
D. people are living better than before by paying in cash.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据全文的内容可知出现了新的现象时，人们会慢慢地去适应，故选C。

57. By saying “people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money”, the author means that _________.
A. people walk to work in order to save money.
B. people of all professions learn to make the best use of their money.
C. people of the whole society learn to earn more money.
D. all people learn to extend money so that it is worth more.
【答案】B
【解析】句意理解题。

all walks of life各行各业；stretch their money充分利用钱；这句应该是来自各行各业的人们都充分利用他们自己的钱，也就是让钱发挥最大的作用，故选B。

58. When the customers pay their goods in cash, the stores will be affected in the following ways EXCEPT ___________.
A. the sale of their goods will decrease as the customers are more reluctant to buy things.
B. there is a potential danger of money loss by their staff.
C. it brings a burden to the stores as they need to deal with the cash.
D. the stores make less money as they need to give some money back to the customers. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据That will cause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice因为顾客不是情愿地去买东西所以商店的销售量会有所下降，选项A符合原文；Increased volume of cash handling opens stores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉),not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physical currency.
有大量地现金使员工处理现金时负担增大，同时也增加了员工丢失钱的危险，选项CD符合原文；只有选项D没有提到，故选D。

59. What caused people to start to use cash instead of credit cards?
A. The rising prices.
B. High unemployment.
C. The fuel shocks.
D. The economic crisis.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据A l ot of changes have been accelerated by the fuel shocks during the summer of 2008; in a lot of ways we seem to be reverting to the frugal(economical) sensibilities of a past generation.由于燃料的冲击，我们为了节俭，又开始使用现金来代替信用卡，故选C。

60. What’s the author’s attitude towards the practice of paying in cash?
A. Approving
B. Ridiculous
C. Uninterested
D. Opposed
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

appro ving赞成的； ridiculous荒谬的； uninterested不感兴趣的； opposed 反对的。

根据Cold hard cash feels more organic, and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.可知作者对于现金支付是赞成的，故选A。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous .
The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australia s inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of human caused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting.
A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the world s megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all
coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the human caused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.
66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A birds.
B plants.
C big animals.
D small animals.
67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was
A a delicacy.
B very weak.
C very small in size.
D clumsy.
68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris?
A One.
B Two.
C Three.
D Four.
69. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that
A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live.
B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions.
C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis.
D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
70. The selection is mainly about
A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia.
B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction.
C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes.
D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
Passage 4
66. 【正确答案】［C big animals.
【本题考点】词语释义题。

【试题精解】考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。

“mega”在英文中指“big”；fauna指“animals”，显然［C 为正确答案。

考生如果没有这方面的知
识，也可以利用上下文来判断。

作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述：“Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.”足见其大。

【考点出处】第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。

67. 【正确答案】［D clumsy.
【本题考点】细节判断题。

【试题精解】第三段中指出“it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting”“such characteristics”指的是其“heavy, short and thick”, 即“clumsy”。

【考点出处】根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，［D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。

68. 【正确答案】［C Three.
【本题考点】细节判断题。

【试题精解】文中共提到了三种：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。

【考点出处】第二、三、四段中。

69. 【正确答案】［D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
【本题考点】推理暗示题。

【试题精解】澳大利亚经历了“mild cooling”, 美洲经历了“rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。

在文中最后一段作者也指出“the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.”
【考点出处】第二段和第四段。

70. 【正确答案】［D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
【本题考点】主旨大意题。

【试题精解】本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以［D 为正确答案。

【考点出处】考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。

■核心词汇
1.chronologyn.年代学
2.luminescencen.发光
3.erroneousa.错误的［同义 false, incorrect, inexact
4.megafaunan.巨型动物
5.fluctuationn.变化［同义 oscillation, rolling
6.ponderousa.笨重的［同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky
7.cassowaryn.食火鸡
■全文精译
澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因
要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。

并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。

之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。

Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。

这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。

Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。

“巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。

它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。

坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to ...）捕杀。

在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学派又建立了。

他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for ...）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。

新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。

这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。

这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运。

在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。

因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。