抗结核病药抗麻风病药

Diagnosis relies on radiology (commonly chest Xrays), a tuberculin skin test, blood tests, as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of bodily fluids.
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in
(extensively) multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Prevention relies on screening programs and
vaccination, usually with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
结核病是由结核杆菌引起的慢性传染病，可 累及全身多个器官，但以肺结核最为常见。 结核病临床上多呈慢性过程，少数可急起发 病。常有低热、乏力等全身症状和咳嗽、咯 血等呼吸系统表现。
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第一节 第1线抗结核病药 First-line anti-TB drugs
我国现有结核病人 600万左右； 每年死亡人数25万左右； WHO估计全球每年发病人数约800万人； 特别是HIV高发地区TB发病率高。
vaccine.
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Tuberculosis
In 2007 there were an estimated 13.7 million chronic active cases, 9.3 million new cases, and 1.8 million deaths, mostly in developing countries.
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“制止结核病”世界行动组织公布的数字显示，目前 全球每天仍有五千人死于结核病，而每年患结核病的 人数超过八百万。
一个重要的原因是结核菌逐步发展出来的多种药物抗 药性（MDR-TB）有使目前的抗结核菌药物失效的危险 。产生抗药性的主要原因和产生抗生素的抗药性类似 。
目前的抗结核药物通常都需要连续服用六到八个月，
usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active MTB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air.
In addition, more people in the developed world contract tuberculosis because their immune systems are more likely to be compromised due to higher exposure to immunosuppressive drugs, substance abuse, or AIDS.
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
population test positive.
抗结核病药 （Anti-tuberculosis）
第一线药：异烟肼
untreated, kills more than 5精0选%ppot课f件those infected.
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Tuberculosis
The classic symptoms are a chronic cough with bloodtinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms.
第 43 章
Anti-tuberculosis and anti-leprosy drugs
【目的要求】
1、掌握抗结核病药异烟肼、利福平 、乙胺丁醇、对氨水杨酸、链霉素 的抗结核作用特点、用途和不良反 应；
2、掌握抗结核药的用药原则。 3、了解砜类抗麻风药。
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结核
结核俗称“痨病”，它和人类的历史几乎一 样长。它曾在全世界广泛流行，夺去了数亿 人的生命，人们称之为白色瘟疫。
Most infections in humans result in an asymptomatic,
latent infection, and about one in ten latent infections
eventually progresses to active disease, which, if left
The distribution of tuberculosis is not uniform
across the globe; about 80% of the population in many
Asian and African countries test positive in
tuberculin tests, while o精nl选yppt课5–件 10% of the U.S.
而许多患者都不能完成整个疗程，使病菌在低剂量的
药物处理下把抗药性的剑越磨越利。
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Chest X-ray of a person with advanced tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus) is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria,