回复笨笨兔：虚拟语气专题之二——were型虚拟式

回复笨笨兔：虚拟语⽓专题之⼆——were型虚拟式
⼆、were型虚拟式
例句1.I wish I knew how to operate the electronic computer now.
我真希望现在就了解如何操作电⼦计算机。

were型虚拟式是指不论主语是什么⼈称，动词⼀律⽤were的虚拟式。

were型虚拟式⽤于wish后的that分句中，表⽰与现在事实相反的主观设想或愿望，⽤⼀般过去时形式；如果wish表⽰的是过去事实相反的主观愿望或设想，则⽤过去完成形式；若果表⽰与将来事实相反的主观愿望或设想，则⽤“would/should+动词原形”。

⼜如： I wish i had started to study English years ago.
我真希望⼏年前就开始学习英语。

I wish the rain would stop soon.
但愿⾬快停。

例句2.If there were no steel,there would be no trains,cars or planes.
如果没有钢，就不会有⽕车、汽车和飞机。

由if引导的分句表⽰对现在时间状态的假设，主句要⽤“should/would/could+动词原形”，条件句⽤“过去式或were”。

例句3.If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.
由if引导的分句表⽰对过去时间状况的主管设想或愿望。

主句中⽤“should/would/could+have+-ed分词”，条件句中则
⽤“had+-ed分词”。

例句4.If I got rich someday in the future,I would buy a luxury car.
如果将来有⼀天我发财了，我会买⼀辆豪华汽车。

由if引导的分句表⽰对将来时间状况的⼀种主管设想或愿望。

主句中⽤“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”或“过去式”。

注意：在现代英语中，were型虚拟式在单数第⼀、三⼈称主语之后，were逐渐为was所代替。

例如：
She looks as if she were/was drunk.
I wish I were/was stronger.
例句5.He talks as if he knew everything.
As if，as though引导的分句表⽰让步。

该句表⽰的是对现在时间状况的假设（还可以引导对过去状况或将来时间状况的假设，其表达形式与if引导的were型虚拟式相同）如：
He talks as if he had known Jane since childhood.
他谈起话来似乎从⼩就认识简。

The old man talks and acts as if he might not live long.
这⽼⼈⾔⾏似乎不久⼈世。

例句6.Suppose that your friends knew how you are behaveing here,what would they think?
“Suppose that...”和“Imagine that...”引导的分句表⽰对现在时间状况的⼀种假设。

这种情况下，条件句⼀般⽤过去时形式，主句则⽤“would/should ect.+动词原形”。

例句7.But for his help,wouldn't have finished the work.
要不是他帮助我，我就完成不了⼯作。

句中But for引导的条件句，相当于“If he hadn't helped me”，表⽰对过去时间的假设，意为“要不是”，故主句
⽤“wouldn't+have+-ed分词”。

例句8.Even if he were wrong,you shouldn't treat him like that.
就算他错了，你也不应该那样对待他。

Even if（even though）引导的分句表⽰让步，应⽤虚拟式表⽰。

如：
Even though i were as rich as you,I would not do such a thing.
即使我像你⼀样富有，我也绝不会做那事。

例句9.If only we hadn't made any mistake in calculations!
要是我们在计算上没出任何错误就好了！
If only引导的分句是与事实相反的假设或愿望，相当于“It would be/have been good if...”，意为“要是...该多好啊！”。

例句10.Please don't come this afternoon,I would rather you came tomorrow.
今天下午别来了，我宁愿你明天来。

Would rather引导的分句在本句⾥表⽰对将来情况的⼀种主观愿望，其分句中的谓语动词⽤⼀般过去时形式来表达。

例句11.It's time that we got in the crops.
是到该收割庄稼的时候了。

“It's time that...”这⼀结构属虚拟式，其分句中的谓语动词必须⽤⼀般过去时表⽰，意思是“是该...的时候了”。