chapter-2跨文化交际

Eyxoteurr natatelnntiooinsaew（a外y f部rom干t扰he）cma:ensbsaegteh.e sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw
Inwteitrhnthael mnoesissaeg（e.内部干扰）:refers to your thoughts and feelings that can interfere
Semantic noise（语义干扰）: refers to how alternative meanings of the source’s
message symbols can be distracting.
Decoding（解码）: Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an
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Chapter 3 Communication
2. Components of communication
Source （信息源）
The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
Encoding （编码）
defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.
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Feedback
Response
Message （信息）
The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.
Channel （渠道）
The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
2. What is the process of communication? ?
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3. Characteristics of
Communication
a. Communication is dynamic b. Communication is irreversible c. Communication is symbolic d. Communication is systematic e. Communication is self-reflective f. Communication is transactional g. Communication is contextual.
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➢Communication as an element of culture
Communication is derived from the Latin word communicare, meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
跨文化交际
Chapter 2 Communication
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Chapter 3 Communication
Learning objectives:
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Listen to the lead-in case
communication
Chapter 3 Communication
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b. Communication is irreversible（不可逆转的）
Once we have said something and someone else has received and decoded the message, the original sender cannot take it back.
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➢Eastern perspective of communication
Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress harmony, which is most notable（显著的） in cultures
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➢Simmel’s perspective on communication
All human communication consists of information-exchange that has reciprocal （相互的） effects on the individuals involved. Communication occurs among individuals who are at varying degrees of social distance from one another.
Noise （干扰）
The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
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Noise can be of many forms:
Chapter 3 Communication
residue and attributes meaning to it, communication has taken place regardless of whether that behavior is conscious or unconscious, intentional or unintentional.
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➢Communication defined by Samovar and Porter
Communication occurs whenever meaning is attributed to behavior or the residue (残留，结果) of behavior. This means that when someone perceives behavior or its
➢Western Perspective of communication
In western cultures, communication is studied as the
means of transmitting ideas. Western cultures emphasize the instrumental (工具性的) function of communication; that is, effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success in the manipulation of others to achieve one’s personal goal.
Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
Source
Encoding
Channel Message
Decoding
Receiver
Noise
context
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Case Analysis: Components in Action
Chapter 3 Communication
1. What is communication composed of?
to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to
and decoded the message.
Feedback（反馈）F:eedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which
with a Confucian tradition.
➢Perception and communication
Communication is the perception of verbal and nonverbal behaviors
and the assignment of meaning to them.
the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
: Context（情境） The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be
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a. Communication is dynamic
Communication is an ongoing, everchanging activiozen when you communicate; it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action.
active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.
Receiver response（信息接收者反应）: The receiver is the person who attends
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1. The definition of communication
➢ Communication as an element of culture ➢ Western Perspective of communication ➢ Eastern perspective of communication ➢ Perception and communication ➢ Communication defined by Samovar and Porter ➢ Simmel’s perspective on communication