现在分词与过去分词的用法
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home.
*现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *Having finished their homework表现的动作在
went home(之前),故用分词的( 完成式 ).
2.1.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
②后置定语
1. everything used 2. the people invited 3. the books left
单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。
1.2 定语（分词短语）
正在建房那些人是我的朋友. 去年建造的那座房子将要拆除. 正在建造的那座房子将是个商店.
Shiyan Town.
(√)
*现在分词所表示的动作由句子的主语发出
=When we stand at the top of the hill, we can see Shiyan Town.
2. Seen from the top of the hill, we can
see the whole town.
( =As all the tickets have been sold out)
四、分词的独立结构*
4、He was taking a walk, with his dog following him. =He was taking a walk and his dog followed him.
5.The teacher came into the classroom,
following by six students. (×)
The teacher came into the classroom,
followed by six students.
一定要弄清楚分词和它的逻辑主语之间的关系，如果是 主动，就用现分，如果被动，就用过分。
(×)
*Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see the whole town clearly.
=when it is seen from the top of the hill, the whole town can be seen clearly.
3.Moved deeply by what he said, so he
现在分词 ( 主动 ) 过去分词 ( 被动 )
现在分词（正在进行)
过去分词 （已经完成）
根据汉语意思,用所给动词的现在分词或过 去分词填空
1.move
a moving film 动人的电影 (主动) a moved mother 受感动的妈妈 (被动)
2. fall
afalling leaf 一片飘落的树叶 (正在进行)
*现在分词短语 作原因状语
④.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*Moved by her words, he decided to help
the poor boy.
*过去分词短语作原因状语
*为使状语含义更加明确，有时在分词前可加 上适当连词
分词
（the participles）
Lead-in：Proverb Appreciation
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
Let sleeping dogs lie. 现在分词 动作正在进行 主动 别惹是生非。
A penny saved is a penny earned (or gained). 省钱就是赚钱。 It is good fishing 动in作tr已ou完bl成ed w被a动ters.
表示何种意义?
（二）分词的句法功能 1. 1 定语（单个分词）
这就是那只吓人的老虎. 这就是受了惊吓的女孩. （ frighten）
This is the frightening tiger.
This is the frightened girl.
①前置定语
the excited people lost time
四、分词的独立结构*
5、 a , Mr. Smith had to ask for leave
to look after him. a. His son being sick b. His son was sick c. Being sick d. He was sick
四、分词的独立结构*
6、 The children went home from school,
decided to help the poor girl. (×)
Because he was moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl.
(× )
*去掉so
* Summary 3 分词短语作状语,不能和连词连用.
He seemed quite delighted at the idea． 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意， 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
3.宾补
我看见那玻璃是破的. 我看见那男孩在把玻璃砸破.
I saw the glass broken . I saw the boy breaking the glass .
a fallen leaf 一片落叶 (已经完成)
Can you translate? spoken English ( 英语口语 ) iced beer ( 冰冻啤酒 )； cooked food ( 熟食 ); fried chips ( 炸土豆条 );
Think about: 前置的过去分词作用相当于?
ing your head, you will find a way. 原因 = If you use your head, you … 条件
4.Working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough money.
= Although his father worked from …, he … 让步
began to cry.
*Asked why she did it, she began to cry.
When asked
*过去分词短语作时间状语 *过去分词的动作由主语承受
③.After they had finished their homework, they went home.
Having finished their homework, they went
= Because he was moved by her words, he …
3.Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
原因
= If I am given more time, I… 条件
4.Defeated many times, they continued to fight. 让步
过去分词
混水之中好摸鱼。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
爱叫的狗很少咬人.
A watched pot never boils.
心急锅不开.
分词
一、分词的形式
现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed
二、 分 词 的用 法
（一）现在分词与过去分词区别：
1.( 语态 2.( 时态
)区别 ) 区别
Summary 1 : 现在分词（短语） 做状语，现在分词与句子主语之
间构成__主___动__ 关系
Summary 2 : 过去分词（短语） 做状语，过去分词与句子主语之
间构成__被___动__ 关系
三.分词短语作状语须注意的问题:
判断正误并改正
1.Standing at the top of the hill, we can see
= (Although) they were defeated many times,they...
5.Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood
there.
伴随
=The teacher stood there and he was surrounded...
后置定语
运用现在分词或过去分词完整句子
2、作表语
她现在好累. 这工作累人.
She is very tired . The work is tiring.
He looked worried after reading the letter．
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
四、分词的独立结构*
例1：( c ) , they went swimming.
a. Being a hot day
b. It was a hot day
c. The day being hot d. A hot day
分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓 语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主 语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构 ，或独立主格（Absolute Constrution）.
4、作状语
①.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up.
*现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *现在分词动作的发出者是( 句子主语 )
② When she was asked why she did it, she
steam.
1.Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
of mine. = When I was walking …, I…
时间
2.Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.
= Because I don’t know his address, I …
4.When visited at night, you must make
sure the visitor is really your friend. (√)
=When you are visited, you must make
sure the visitor is really your friend.
who are
The peoplebuilding the house are my friends. The howuhsicehbwuaislt last year will be pulled down. The hwohuiscehbiseing built will be a store.
四、分词的独立结构*
2、Weather permitting , we are going to visit you tomorrow.
(= If weather permits)
3、All the tickets having been sold out , we had to wait for next week's show.
*Once used, the car will never be sold
again. (once “一旦……”)
Once it is used, the car will never be sold
again.
*When heated, water turns into steam. When water is heated, water turns into
5.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
= He sat on the sofa and watched TV. 伴随
1.Asked why she did i was asked，she...
时间
2.Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *Having finished their homework表现的动作在
went home(之前),故用分词的( 完成式 ).
2.1.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
②后置定语
1. everything used 2. the people invited 3. the books left
单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。
1.2 定语（分词短语）
正在建房那些人是我的朋友. 去年建造的那座房子将要拆除. 正在建造的那座房子将是个商店.
Shiyan Town.
(√)
*现在分词所表示的动作由句子的主语发出
=When we stand at the top of the hill, we can see Shiyan Town.
2. Seen from the top of the hill, we can
see the whole town.
( =As all the tickets have been sold out)
四、分词的独立结构*
4、He was taking a walk, with his dog following him. =He was taking a walk and his dog followed him.
5.The teacher came into the classroom,
following by six students. (×)
The teacher came into the classroom,
followed by six students.
一定要弄清楚分词和它的逻辑主语之间的关系，如果是 主动，就用现分，如果被动，就用过分。
(×)
*Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see the whole town clearly.
=when it is seen from the top of the hill, the whole town can be seen clearly.
3.Moved deeply by what he said, so he
现在分词 ( 主动 ) 过去分词 ( 被动 )
现在分词（正在进行)
过去分词 （已经完成）
根据汉语意思,用所给动词的现在分词或过 去分词填空
1.move
a moving film 动人的电影 (主动) a moved mother 受感动的妈妈 (被动)
2. fall
afalling leaf 一片飘落的树叶 (正在进行)
*现在分词短语 作原因状语
④.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*Moved by her words, he decided to help
the poor boy.
*过去分词短语作原因状语
*为使状语含义更加明确，有时在分词前可加 上适当连词
分词
（the participles）
Lead-in：Proverb Appreciation
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
Let sleeping dogs lie. 现在分词 动作正在进行 主动 别惹是生非。
A penny saved is a penny earned (or gained). 省钱就是赚钱。 It is good fishing 动in作tr已ou完bl成ed w被a动ters.
表示何种意义?
（二）分词的句法功能 1. 1 定语（单个分词）
这就是那只吓人的老虎. 这就是受了惊吓的女孩. （ frighten）
This is the frightening tiger.
This is the frightened girl.
①前置定语
the excited people lost time
四、分词的独立结构*
5、 a , Mr. Smith had to ask for leave
to look after him. a. His son being sick b. His son was sick c. Being sick d. He was sick
四、分词的独立结构*
6、 The children went home from school,
decided to help the poor girl. (×)
Because he was moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl.
(× )
*去掉so
* Summary 3 分词短语作状语,不能和连词连用.
He seemed quite delighted at the idea． 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意， 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
3.宾补
我看见那玻璃是破的. 我看见那男孩在把玻璃砸破.
I saw the glass broken . I saw the boy breaking the glass .
a fallen leaf 一片落叶 (已经完成)
Can you translate? spoken English ( 英语口语 ) iced beer ( 冰冻啤酒 )； cooked food ( 熟食 ); fried chips ( 炸土豆条 );
Think about: 前置的过去分词作用相当于?
ing your head, you will find a way. 原因 = If you use your head, you … 条件
4.Working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough money.
= Although his father worked from …, he … 让步
began to cry.
*Asked why she did it, she began to cry.
When asked
*过去分词短语作时间状语 *过去分词的动作由主语承受
③.After they had finished their homework, they went home.
Having finished their homework, they went
= Because he was moved by her words, he …
3.Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
原因
= If I am given more time, I… 条件
4.Defeated many times, they continued to fight. 让步
过去分词
混水之中好摸鱼。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
爱叫的狗很少咬人.
A watched pot never boils.
心急锅不开.
分词
一、分词的形式
现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed
二、 分 词 的用 法
（一）现在分词与过去分词区别：
1.( 语态 2.( 时态
)区别 ) 区别
Summary 1 : 现在分词（短语） 做状语，现在分词与句子主语之
间构成__主___动__ 关系
Summary 2 : 过去分词（短语） 做状语，过去分词与句子主语之
间构成__被___动__ 关系
三.分词短语作状语须注意的问题:
判断正误并改正
1.Standing at the top of the hill, we can see
= (Although) they were defeated many times,they...
5.Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood
there.
伴随
=The teacher stood there and he was surrounded...
后置定语
运用现在分词或过去分词完整句子
2、作表语
她现在好累. 这工作累人.
She is very tired . The work is tiring.
He looked worried after reading the letter．
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
四、分词的独立结构*
例1：( c ) , they went swimming.
a. Being a hot day
b. It was a hot day
c. The day being hot d. A hot day
分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓 语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主 语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构 ，或独立主格（Absolute Constrution）.
4、作状语
①.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up.
*现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *现在分词动作的发出者是( 句子主语 )
② When she was asked why she did it, she
steam.
1.Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
of mine. = When I was walking …, I…
时间
2.Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.
= Because I don’t know his address, I …
4.When visited at night, you must make
sure the visitor is really your friend. (√)
=When you are visited, you must make
sure the visitor is really your friend.
who are
The peoplebuilding the house are my friends. The howuhsicehbwuaislt last year will be pulled down. The hwohuiscehbiseing built will be a store.
四、分词的独立结构*
2、Weather permitting , we are going to visit you tomorrow.
(= If weather permits)
3、All the tickets having been sold out , we had to wait for next week's show.
*Once used, the car will never be sold
again. (once “一旦……”)
Once it is used, the car will never be sold
again.
*When heated, water turns into steam. When water is heated, water turns into
5.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
= He sat on the sofa and watched TV. 伴随
1.Asked why she did i was asked，she...
时间
2.Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.