大学英语社会福利介绍
翻译写作
大学英语（A）2汉译英练习参考答案1、中国社会主义市场经济体制的发展，要求改革社会福利保障体制，从而对社会服务提出了更高的要求。
随着政府职能的转变，曾经由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。
一方面，政府的宏观管理责任将变得更加重大。
另一方面，社会团体和民间组织需要参与更多社区服务。
这就提出了一个课题：政府和社会团体如何分工协作，推进社区服务事业。
The development of China’s socialist market economy requires the reform of our social welfare and security system, which in turn holds higher expectations for the work of community service. With the transformation of government functions, the work involving social services that was initially undertaken by the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations. On the one hand, the government will shoulder greater responsibilities in its macro-management; On the other hand, social groups and non-governmental organizations will need to involve themselves more in community service. Consequently, there emerged a new issue concerning how the government and social groups should collaborate to promote the development of community service.2、丝绸之路不仅是东西商业贸易之路，而且是中国和亚欧各国间政治往来文化交流的通道。
大学英语阅读教程答案(Unit1-8)
大学英语阅读教程答案(Unit1-8)《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本课后练习答案)第二册UNIT ONEThe Pleasure of LearningKey to the ExercisesI. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6.DII. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. TIII. 1.关于太多的人来讲,学习大概是自个儿的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役.2.但是,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神别仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验.3.对一具人来讲,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人差不多吃尽苦头.IV.1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learningfrom books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time.2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life.Key to the reading—skill Exercises1. Students have improved SAT scores.2. Teenagers planned patrols3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers.4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world.6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book.2.Coping with Santa ClausKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. BII. . 1. 朱莉让我们这样为难,我的确感到生气.竟然圣诞老人别存在的事实别是从同学那儿得知的吗2.我给她说述了情况的通过,尽可能使它听起来滑稽有味,希翼她别要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始以为的"圣诞老人咨询题"上是这样拙劣.3.我能够看出,他正努力在想一种方法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来别太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢.4.情况就如此结束了.对圣诞老人别存在的事实可怜了片刻只后,日子又恢复了正常.III.1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat. Traditionally,young children in many countries are told that he brings them Christmas presents. Some legend goes like this: Santa lives in northern Europe. There are various versions of the story, and some wonderful movies, too.2. (Answers may vary, depending on your understanding.)3. On the shoulders of a heroKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. DII. 1.他一去世,我自认为会长生别老的幻觉立刻就破灭了.2.往后的岁月中,每当我默默期盼爸爸的信任支持时,总会别出预料遇到一副怀疑的表情.3.如今回想起来,他是有意别让我们懂,免得扫了大伙儿的兴.4.铃起沉重的盒子,我猛然醒悟到,别管爸爸讲的话听上去多么消极泄气,也抹杀别了他在我离开后用一张张剪报填满盒子的实际行动.III (omitted)UNIT TWO4. Not poor , just brokeKey to the ExercisesI . 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. CII.1. collect herself ---If you collect yourself or your thought , you make an effort to calm yourself or prepare yourself mentally . 镇定下来collect--- get control of one’s feelings and thoughts, especially after shock, surprise or laughter.2. Flash that big smile ---If you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them . (脸上)露出笑容flash---show something for a short time3. Make deals with the rats 与老鼠做交易(即有意留东西给老鼠吃) make deal with: reach an agreement for mutual benefit4. Stand for welfare cheaters 容忍骗取福利的人stand for – endure or tolerate5. Rest her mind 感到宽慰rest: relax6. Poke around the house –if you poke around forsomething, you search for it, usually by moving lots of objects around. 四处搜索poke: search for something.III. 1. 贫穷是人们无法摆脱的一种心境,而没钞票不过一种临时的状况.2.她教导我们讲,人们有两种摆脱日子困境的方法―笑或者哭. 笑带来更多的希翼.3.我们会站在后门廊里分发食物给邻居,宛然我们在负责救济穷苦人,然后我们也会收下他们带来作为交换的食物.4.当时的情景仍历历在目,这个社会福利工作者在房子里四处搜索,冰冷的亚麻油毡地毯上的煤灰使她别由得皱起鼻子,而看到小虫在洗涤槽的脏盘子里爬来爬去的时候她就禁别住摇了摇头.IV. (Omitted)Key to the Reading-Skill Exercises1. The view of New York from the bridge was beautiful.2. When I was an adolescent, I never had the best jobs; neither did I have the worst jobs.3. Marijuana use is associated with abnormal behavior.5. Blacks return to Africa but us is homeI. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. BII.1. They are mostly educated, skilled and middle-class, suchas doctors teachers, diplomats, businessmen, journalists, technical experts, etc.2. Africans think the black Americans are Americans first, blacks second.3. he told them to be well prepared to face problems in Africa. They must be determined to help the black people in Africa.4. he says that the decaying cities like Kinshasa and Dares Salaam seem to be future cities of Africa，while the developed cities like Johannesburg and Salisbury are becoming the past. He believes that the newly independent African countries will be the future of Africa.5. she recalled her experiences growing up in a black, middle-class community in WashingtonD.C., how she was discriminated , and how she excelled over white students at school.6. it means that the black Americans who did go to Africa understood that they should have a correct attitude in helping their black brothers in Africa.III (Omitted)6. Raymond Carver, MentorI. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. BII1. 兴许自多纳·巴特米在20世纪60年代开始发表作品以来，还没有哪位作家在文学界引起过那么多议论。
六级写作常见话题
六级写作常见话题随着大学英语六级考试的日益临近，写作是考生们需要重点准备的一项内容。
在六级写作考试中，常见的话题囊括了社会、教育、科技、环境等各个方面。
本文将围绕六级写作常见话题展开讨论，为考生们提供有效的写作素材和技巧。
一、社会类话题1. 就业问题现今社会，就业问题是考生们普遍关心的话题之一。
随着大学生人数的增加和就业岗位的减少，考生们面临着严峻的就业压力。
如何提高就业竞争力、创造更多的就业机会等都是需要思考的问题。
2. 社会福利社会福利是社会稳定和人民幸福的重要保障。
六级写作中，可以从社会保障制度、医疗保健、养老保险等多个角度展开论述，分析社会福利的现状和改善策略。
3. 犯罪问题犯罪问题一直是社会关注的焦点。
可以从犯罪原因、预防犯罪、打击犯罪等多个方面来进行论述。
同时，也可以分析不同国家或地区的犯罪情况，探讨不同的犯罪对策和社会反应。
二、教育类话题1. 教育制度教育制度是教育改革的核心。
六级写作中，可以从教育的意义、教育改革的必要性、教育资源分配等多个角度进行论述，探讨如何改进和创新教育制度。
2. 教育差距在当前的社会中，教育差距逐渐成为一个热门话题。
可以从城乡差距、贫富差距、机会均等等方面来进行探讨，提出促进教育公平的建议和思路。
3. 学科选择对于大学生来说，学科选择是一个重要的决策。
可以从自身兴趣、职业前景、个人能力等多个方面进行分析，帮助考生们更好地做出学科选择决策。
三、科技类话题1. 人工智能人工智能是近年来科技领域的热门话题。
可以从人工智能的发展现状、应用前景、对就业的影响等多个角度进行分析和讨论，探讨人工智能对未来社会的影响。
2. 网络安全随着网络的普及，网络安全问题也日益突出。
可以分析网络安全的现状、网络犯罪的类型、网络安全防范等方面，提出加强网络安全的措施和建议。
3. 科技创新科技创新对于一个国家的竞争力非常重要。
可以从科技创新的意义、创新环境的建设、激励创新的政策等多个角度来进行讨论，探讨如何促进科技创新。
大学英语有关中国社会的四级词汇
民族精神 national spirit
普选制 general election system
求同存异 seek commonn ground while shelving differences
人大代表 NPC member
物质文明和精神文明 material and spirtual civilization
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考 entrance examination
高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle
教育投入 input in education
九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education
新兴学科 new branch of science;emerging discipline
纳米 nanometer
个人数字助理 personal digital assistant
生态农业 environment -friendly agriculture
技术密集产品 technology-intensive product
Peoples's Congress Standing Committee 人大常委会
法制观念 awareness of flow
法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system
改革开放 reform adn opening-up
公务员 civil servants
走读生extern;non-resident student
大学英语四级翻译(全)
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译Automation 1502 YuDeyu一、复习建议：1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。
难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。
在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。
下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
参考译文：For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评：组建家庭：set up a family。
有同学容易使用start a family。
start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。
越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。
物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。
表达点评：本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。
大学生社会工作英语作文
Social Work Engagement Among UniversityStudentsIn the dynamic landscape of modern society, the role of university students in social work has become increasingly significant. As the future leaders and agents of change, college students are not only acquiring academic knowledge but also engaging in meaningful social work that contributes to the larger society. This engagement not only sharpens their skills but also instills a sense of responsibility and commitment towards societal welfare.The benefits of social work engagement for university students are diverse and profound. Firstly, it provides an opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge learned in the classroom to real-world scenarios. This practical experience helps students gain a deeper understanding of social issues and challenges, enabling them to make informed decisions and take responsible actions. Secondly, social work engagement cultivates leadership skills and teamwork abilities. As students work with diverse groups of people, they learn to collaborate, communicate effectively, and take initiative in leading change. Furthermore, itfosters empathy and compassion, as students are exposed to different communities and perspectives, developing a deeper understanding of social diversity and the need for inclusivity.The scope of social work engagement for university students is vast and varies depending on their interestsand skills. Some students choose to volunteer at local community centers, assisting with events and programs that benefit the community. Others engage in research projects that aim to address specific social issues, such as poverty, climate change, or mental health. There are also opportunities for students to work with international organizations, providing aid and support to vulnerable communities in developing countries.Despite the obvious benefits, there are also challenges and barriers that university students face when engaging in social work. One of the primary challenges is balancing academic responsibilities with social work commitments.With tight schedules and demanding course loads, it can be difficult for students to find the time and energy to engage in meaningful social work. Additionally, theemotional toll of working with vulnerable communities can be draining, requiring students to have strong emotional resilience and support systems.To overcome these challenges, universities and communities can take several measures. Universities can provide more resources and support for social work engagement, such as funding for volunteer projects and mentorship programs. They can also offer flexible scheduling options and academic accommodations tofacilitate student participation. Communities can create more opportunities for student engagement, such as offering internships and volunteer positions that align with student interests and skills. Additionally, it is important to create a culture of inclusivity and support among both universities and communities, ensuring that all students feel welcome and valued for their contributions.In conclusion, social work engagement among university students is a valuable and necessary aspect of their education and personal growth. It not only provides practical experience and skills development but alsoinstills a sense of responsibility and commitment towardssocietal welfare. By addressing the challenges and barriers that students face, universities and communities can foster a culture of social engagement that benefits both the students and the larger society.**大学生参与社会工作的意义**在现代社会动态发展的背景下，大学生参与社会工作的角色变得日益重要。
新视野大学英语4(读写教程)课文翻译完整版
UNIT 1艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。
大学英语阅读教程答案(Unit1-8)
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本课后练习答案)第二册UNIT ONEThe Pleasure of LearningKey to the ExercisesI. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6.DII. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. TIII. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役.2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验.3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头.IV.1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time.2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life.Key to the reading—skill Exercises1. Students have improved SAT scores.2. Teenagers planned patrols3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers.4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world.6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book.2.Coping with Santa ClausKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. BII. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣.3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢.4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常.III.1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat. Traditionally,young children in many countries are told that he brings them Christmas presents. Some legend goes like this: Santa lives in northern Europe. There are various versions of the story, and some wonderful movies, too.2. (Answers may vary, depending on your understanding.)3. On the shoulders of a heroKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. DII. 1.他一去世,我自以为会长生不老的幻觉立刻就破灭了.2.以后的岁月中,每当我默默期盼父亲的信任支持时,总会不出预料遇到一副怀疑的表情.3.现在回想起来,他是故意不让我们知道,免得扫了大家的兴.4.铃起沉重的盒子,我猛然醒悟到,不管父亲说的话听上去多么消极泄气,也抹杀不了他在我离开后用一张张剪报填满盒子的实际行动.III (omitted)UNIT TWO4. Not poor , just brokeKey to the ExercisesI . 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. CII.1. collect herself ---If you collect yourself or your thought , you make an effort to calm yourself or prepare yourself mentally . 镇定下来collect--- get control of one’s feelings and thoughts, especially after shock, surprise or laughter.2. Flash that big smile ---If you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them . (脸上)露出笑容flash---show something for a short time3. Make deals with the rats 与老鼠做交易(即故意留东西给老鼠吃) make deal with: reach an agreement for mutual benefit4. Stand for welfare cheaters 容忍骗取福利的人stand for – endure or tolerate5. Rest her mind 感到宽慰rest: relax6. Poke around the house – if you poke around for something, you search for it, usually by moving lots of objects around. 四处搜索poke: search for something.III. 1. 贫穷是人们无法摆脱的一种心境,而没钱只是一种暂时的状况.2.她教导我们说,人们有两种摆脱生活困境的办法―笑或者哭. 笑带来更多的希望.3.我们会站在后门廊里分发食物给邻居,仿佛我们在负责救济穷苦人,然后我们也会收下他们带来作为交换的食物.4.当时的情景仍历历在目,那个社会福利工作者在屋子里四处搜索,冰冷的亚麻油毡地毯上的煤灰使她不由得皱起鼻子,而看到小虫在洗涤槽的脏盘子里爬来爬去的时候她就禁不住摇了摇头.IV. (Omitted)Key to the Reading-Skill Exercises1. The view of New York from the bridge was beautiful.2. When I was an adolescent, I never had the best jobs; neither did I have the worst jobs.3. Marijuana use is associated with abnormal behavior.5. Blacks return to Africa but us is homeI. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. BII.1. They are mostly educated, skilled and middle-class, such as doctors teachers, diplomats, businessmen, journalists, technical experts, etc.2. Africans think the black Americans are Americans first, blacks second.3. he told them to be well prepared to face problems in Africa. They must be determined to help the black people in Africa.4. he says that the decaying cities like Kinshasa and Dares Salaam seem to be future cities of Africa，while the developed cities like Johannesburg and Salisbury are becoming the past. He believes that the newly independent African countries will be the future of Africa.5. she recalled her experiences growing up in a black, middle-class community in WashingtonD.C., how she was discriminated , and how she excelled over white students at school.6. it means that the black Americans who did go to Africa understood that they should have a correct attitude in helping their black brothers in Africa.III (Omitted)6. Raymond Carver, MentorI. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. BII1. 或许自多纳·巴特米在20世纪60年代开始发表作品以来，还没有哪位作家在文学界引起过这么多议论。
大学英语(3)复习资料整理总结
大学英语（3）复习资料整理总结Unit1三、1.Most cities in the country have introduced "Clean Air Zones" whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.中国大多数城市都引入了“清洁空气区”，即工厂和家庭只允许燃烧无烟燃料。
（凭那个，借以）2. He knows that the pursuit of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort.他知道追求社会地位可以消耗他大量的时间和精力。
（追求）3. The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to inhibit the spread of the disease.由于目前还没有发现任何能抑制这种疾病传播的药物，医生们都不知所措。
（阻碍，抑制）4. We see many special education directors trying to maintain the quality of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.我们看到许多特殊教育主管试图用更少的钱和更少的员工来维持他们项目的质量。
（保持，维持）5. People there are told it is their patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying their own products.人们被告知，通过购买自己的产品来支持国民经济是他们的爱国义务。
（爱国的）6. Darwin's thinking both drew upon and transcended transcended the conventional ideas of his time.达尔文的思想既吸引了他，也超越了他那个时代的传统观念。
社会保障英语词汇总结
劳动关系labor relations1.Trustees 受托人2.bodies corporate 法人团体3.unincorporated associations 非公司社团4.Third party 第三方5.private sector pension membership 私营行业养老金会员6.Collective scheme集体计划7.consequential amendments 相应修正案8.Conciliation 调解9.union 工会10.redeployment 调动工作11.Collective scheme集体计划12.Negotiation 协商，谈判13.dispute 辩论，争论14.the shape of labor relations 劳动关系的类型15.conflict 冲突16.contract 合同17.The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) 中国工商联盟18.union organization 工会组织19.non-governmental organizations (NGO)非政府组织20.w orkers’ strikes 工人罢工21.collective contract system 集体合同22.w ork stoppage停工23.L abor Dispute Mediation Body劳动争议调解机构24.L abor Dispute Arbitration Committee劳动争议仲裁委员会25.d iscrimination in employment 就业中的歧视26.f air employment practices 公平的就业实践27.e mployment-at-will 随意雇佣28.t riangle-relationship 三方关系29.t emporary employees临时工30.t emporary employment临时雇佣31.permanent employment终身雇佣32.J UVENILE WORKERS 童工33.a rbitrator 仲裁者劳动经济1.gross earning 总收入2.inflation通货膨胀3.EU/EEA-country 欧盟/欧洲经济区国家4.Pension 津贴，退休金，抚恤金5.Flat rate 统一费用6.National Insurance contributions全国保险税7.residual earnings 剩余收入8.Equalisation均衡9.Surplus 过剩，盈余，剩余，顺差，剩余的，过剩的10.Effective 有效的11.Economic boom 经济增长12.issue of interest 利益问题13.economic development 经济发展14.planned economy 计划经济15.market economy 市场经济16.overall economic development 全面经济发展17.open door policy 对外开放18.regional development and pilot project 区域发展和引导发展19.special economic zones 经济特区20.t ax reduction, law exemption and special treatment减税，立法减税和特别对待21.prevent overheating 阻止过热22.W orld Trade Organization 国际贸易组织23.o verall surplus 总体过剩24.H uman Resource 人力资源25.l abor market flexibility灵活劳动力市场26.e lasticity of labor demand劳动力的弹性需求27.m icroeconomic analysis微观经济分析28.E lasticity n 弹性29.c ompensation deals:补偿处理|补偿贸易|补偿处理酬金/奖励30.f eedback compensation:反馈补偿|反馈校正ernment intervention 政府干预32.r esidual 剩余的33.P ublic Management公共管理34.W ork Experience工作经历35.P overty贫困各种基金，规定，计划1.Supplementary provision 补充规定；追加拨款，增补拨款；追加备付款项2.forfeiture罚金3.statutory：法律的、法令的4.Prescribe 规定5.Nullity 无效6.Working Families Tax Credit 工作家庭税收抵免7.Disabled Persons Tax Credit 残疾人税收抵免8.earnings-related basic pension scheme与收入相关的基本退休金制度养老1.Pension scheme 退休金计划2.Occupational pension schemes 职业养老金计划3.Personal pension schemes 个人养老金计划4.Premium Pension Authority(PPM) 基金养老金管理局5.Pension Credit 养老金信用6.Workplace Personal Pensions工作场所的个人退休金7.Pensions Bill 养老金法案8.State Pension Age 法定领取养老金年龄9.A long-term pensions settlement 长期的养老金发放结算10.The national association of pension funds 养老基金的国家协会11.National pensions debate 国家养老金的争议12.Pensions commission 养老金发放委员会13.Social security and pensions 社会保障和养老金14.State earnings-related pension 国家和收入有关的养老金15.State pension system国家养老金制度16.Pension Funds养老保险基金失业1.the Swedish Unemployment Insurance Board(IAF) 瑞典失业保险委员会（IAF）2.unemployment insurance fund 失业保险基金3.part-time employment 非全日制就业4.self-employment 自主经营就业5.Swedish Federation of Unemployment Insurance Funds(SO)瑞典联邦失业保险基金联合会（SO）6.the Unemployment Insurance Act 失业保险法7.the Unemployment Insurance Funds Act 失业保险基金法8.the Swedish Unemployment Insurance Board(IAF) 瑞典失业保险委员会（IAF）9.Enterprise grant 创业补贴10.redundancy pay 遣散费11.damages covering financial loss 经济损失赔偿金12.unemployment assistance 失业救助13.college Students大学生失业14.Structural unemployment结构性失业15.Cyclical unemployment周期性失业16.Disguised Unemployment隐蔽性失业17.Frictional unemployment摩擦性失业18.Seasonal unemployment季节性失业19.unemployment compensation失业补偿金20.U nemployment insurance fund失业保险基金医疗1.statutory sick pay 法定病假工资2.statutory maternity pay 法定产假工资3.birth of a child 产假4.child bearing 生育5.medical services at state expense公费医疗6.social pooling for serious disease 大病统筹7.civil medical treatment 全民医疗8.free medical service 免费医疗9.cooperative medical service in rural areas农村合作医疗10.Medical insurance Funds医疗保险基金11.Maternity Insurance Fund生育保险基金工伤1.Occupational Safety and Health Administration 职业安全与健康管理局2.Occupational Safety and Health Act职业安全与健康条例3.occupational diseases职业病4.working conditions工作条件（劳动条件）5.working environment工作环境（劳动环境）6.workplace工作场所（劳动场所）7.Injury Insurance Fund工伤保险基金社会保障其他名词1.social security 社会保障2.urban social security 城镇社会保障3.Social Security Administration社会保障局pensation and Benefits薪酬与福利5.Personal Accounts 个人账户6.Social Assistance社会救助7.Social Insurance社会保险8.Pension Insurance养老保险9.Medical Care; Medical Insurance; Health Care Insurance医疗保险10.Hospitalization Medical Insurance住院医疗保险11.Occupational Injury Insurance; employment injury insurance工伤保险12.Unemployment Insurance失业保险13.Maternity Insurance ; Birth insurance生育保险14.Social Welfare社会福利15.Old-Age Welfare老年人福利16.Disabled Welfare残疾人福利17.Women and children’s Welfare妇女儿童福利18.Other Welfare9.其他福利19.Housing Provident Funds住房公积金：20.H ousing Mortgage Loan住房抵押贷款：21.Social Entitle社会优抚22.S oldier Security军人保障23.A dditional Security补充保障24.C harity Work ；Philanthropy慈善事业25.C ommunity Service社区服务26.A nnuity Pension企业年金27.A ccumulation of enterprise annuity积累制企业年金28.A dmission is pay-Enterprise Annuity现收现付制企业年金29.C ommercial Insurance商业保险30.T he main mode of social security社会保障的主要模式31.The welfare state model福利国家模式32.C ompulsory savings-type model强制储蓄型模式33.N ational Insurance-mode国家保险型模式34.S ocial Security Fund社会保障基金35.S ources of Social Security Fund社保基金的来源渠道36.S tate funding国家财政拨款37.E mployers and individual contribution雇主和个人缴费38.C ommunity funding社会筹资39.T he social security fund-raising mode社会保障基金的筹集模式40.P ay-as-you-go现收现付式pletely accumulation type完全积累式42.S ome accumulation部分积累式43.T he social security fund financing mode社会保障基金的筹资模式44.T ax form征税方式45.L evy way征费方式46.C ompulsory savings system强制储蓄制47.F ree Financing自由筹资48.W elfare Lottery Issue发行福利彩票49.C ommunity donations社会募捐50.S ocial Insurance Fund社会保险基金51.Public funds公共基金52.I nstitutions Fund机构基金53.P ersonal Fund个人基金54.C are Insurance Fund护理保险基金55.S ocial insurance fund sources社会保险基金来源56.T ripartite burden三方负担57.B oth burden双方负担58.U nilateral burden单方负担59.n eoclassicism新古典主义60.a geing society 老龄化社会劳动统计和相关部门1.actuarial保险精算的；保险统计的2.Apportionment 分配3.Defer 延期4.Amend 补偿，修改5.Levy 征收6.Demography 人口统计学7.Risk-sharing 风险分担8.real wage 实际工资9.urban income 城镇收入10.rural income 农村收入11.disparity of income 收入不等12.unequal distribution of incomes 收入分配不等13.a low average income 低平均收入14.rural population 农村人口15.Provincial Government 省级政府16.District Government 区政府17.Township Government 镇政府18.wage-hour 计时工资19.Wage and Hours Cases 工资及时间例20.F air Employment Practice Cases 公平就业实践例21.general disrespect of minimum labor standards 一般不敬的最低劳工标准22.I mplementation of labor standards and union rights 劳工标准和工会权利的执行情况23.T he relevance of labor and union rights for investments inChina 在中国投资的劳工和工会权利的相关性24.o ccupational safety and health standards 职业安全与保健标准25.B ureau of Labor Statistics劳工统计局26.p opulation growth人口增长27.u rban labor force城市劳动力28.r ural labor force农村劳动力29.l abor costs劳动力成本30.d emographic group人口统计学小组31.productivity growth生产力增长32.A ge Structure年龄结构33.M igrant workers:流动工人|农民工|外出打工人员34.U p rate 上升比率35.M arginal tax rate 边际税率36.r e-employed n.再就业37.u nemployment rate n.失业率38.s ubpopulation n.分组人口39.h ourly wage rate 计时工资率40.d emographic adj.人口统计学的41.nonagricultural wage非农工资42.a verage hourly wage平均小时工资43.T he corresponding figure 相似数据44.S ubsidy补贴45.Deflation通货紧缩相关法案1.the Unemployment Insurance Act 失业保险法2.the Unemployment Insurance Funds Act 失业保险基金法3.International Covenant of Economic 世界经济公约4.Employment & Labor Law 劳动和就业法5.federal statutory law and administrative law 法定的联邦法律和行政的法律6.worker’s compensation law劳工补偿法7.BNA's Labor Relations Reporter or CCH's Labor LawReporter BNA 的劳动关系报告或卫生的劳动法报告bor Relations Reporter 劳动关系报告9.Trade Union Law 工会法10.the Chinese legislation concerning occupational safety andhealth 有关职业安全及健康的中国立法11.Employment Law就业法12.Employment Discrimination Law and Practice 就业歧视的法律与实践13.Basic insurance 基本保险bor Law 劳动法15.Trade Union Law 工会法16.Employment & Labor Law 劳动和就业法17.worker’s compensation law劳工补偿法18.The Black Lung Benefits Act 尘肺福利法19.Pensions Act 2008 2008年退休金法20.U K money purchase schemes 英国货币购买计划21.non-UK occupational pension schemes 非英国职业养老金计划22.S ocial Security Pensions Act 1975 1975年社会保险基金法案23.P olish Resettlement Act 1947 1947年移民定居条例改进法案24.O ld Age Contributory Pensions Acts 1936 to 194125.S ocial Security Contributions and Benefits Act 199226.N ational Insurance Act 196527.S tate Pension Credit Act 200228.P ension Schemes Act 199329.W elfare Reform and Pensions Act 199930.E mployment Relations Act 200431.Pensions Act 200432.P ensions Act 200733.S ocial Security Contributions and Benefits Act 199234.P ensions Schemes Act 199335.W elfare Reform and Pensions Act 199936.P roceeds of Crime Act 200237.P ensions Act 2007。
2023_年6_月大学英语四、六级作文试题评析（二）
2. According to a recent Shanghai University survey, 84.2% of its students polled average 1.5 hours of community service a week. 根据上海大学最近所做 的一项调查，该校 84.2% 的受访学生平均每星期做 1.5 小时的社区服务工作。 polled 做定语，一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
Friendly discussion and reasonable argument are effective strategies for arriving at a consensus, especially among people with diverse backgrounds and experiences. Let’s take the workplace as an example. Through discussion and argument, workers share their thoughts and ideas openly and respectfully. This provides an opportunity for all voices to be heard, thus promoting mutual understanding. Obviously, this is conducive to reaching agreement. On the other hand, in environments that discourage discussion and argument, workers will avoid speaking their mind for fear of reprimand from a higher-up. This will inevitably lead to lower morale and heightened tension.
社会福利的英文作文
社会福利的英文作文英文，Social welfare is a crucial aspect of any society, aiming to provide assistance and support to those in need.It encompasses various programs and services designed to promote the well-being of individuals and families, particularly those facing economic hardships or other challenges. In many countries, including my own, social welfare programs play a vital role in ensuring that basic needs are met and that people have access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and housing.One of the most significant benefits of social welfareis its ability to reduce poverty and inequality. Byproviding financial aid, food assistance, and other formsof support to low-income individuals and families, these programs help alleviate the immediate effects of povertyand create pathways to long-term economic stability. For example, in the United States, programs like Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have lifted millions of people out of poverty and prevented evenmore from falling into it.Moreover, social welfare programs contribute to social cohesion by fostering a sense of solidarity and mutual support within communities. When people know that they can rely on a safety net provided by the government or other organizations during times of need, they are more likely to feel secure and connected to their fellow citizens. This sense of solidarity is essential for maintaining a stable and harmonious society, as it helps reduce social tensions and promote a sense of shared responsibility for the well-being of all members of society.However, social welfare programs are not without their challenges and criticisms. One common concern is the issue of dependency, where individuals become reliant on government assistance and lose motivation to work or improve their circumstances. While this is a valid concern, it is essential to recognize that most people who rely on social welfare do so out of necessity rather than choice. For example, a single parent struggling to make ends meet while working multiple jobs may need assistance to affordchildcare or healthcare for their children.中文，社会福利是任何社会的重要组成部分，旨在为有需要的人提供帮助和支持。
大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命
大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命Inmy18yearsoflife,therehavebeenmanythings.Universitydaysa rethebestpartofthem.IcanneverforgetthedayswhenIsteppedint omyuniversity.Iwasimpressedbyitsgarden-likecampus,itsenth usiasticstudentsandespeciallyitslearningatmosphere.Iatonc efellinlovewithit.Afterthearduousmilitarytraining,Igetabsolutelyabsorbedinm ystudies.Theclassesgivenbytheteachersareexcellent.Theypro videuswithinformationnotonlyfromourtextbooksbutfrommanyot hersourcesaswell.Theyeasilyarousemyinsatiabledesiretotake inasmuchasIcan.大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命nbsp;progress.NowI’vebenefitedalotfromlecturesandmanyoth eracademicreports.Learningisalongprocess;I’llkeepexploringinthetreasurehou seofknowledgetoenrichmyself.ThissummerIgotoutoftheivoryto werandenteredtherealworld.Apublishinghouseofferedmeapart-timejobincompilationandrevision.AtthebeginningIwasbelittledbymycolleagues.Buttheywerereal lysurprisedwhenItranslatedsevenEnglisharticlesover5,000wo rdsononlyoneday.Gradually,theybegantolookatmewithrespectf uleyes.IntheiropinionIturnedouttobeausefulandtrustworthyc olleague.大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命ncerningpublicwelfare.Ioncewenttoabarrenmountainvillagewi thmyclassmates.Wetaughtthekidstherewhocouldnotaffordschoo l.Whileshowingthemhowbroadandhowcivilizedtheouterworldis, Iwasdeeplytouchedbytheireagernesstolearn,theirhonestyandt heirpurity.Icouldn’tcontrolmytearsonthedaywhenweleft.The preciousexperiencewiththepoorkidsmademeawareoftheresponsi bilityontheshouldersofus,futureteachers.Besidesstudyandsocialpractice,thereareentertainmentsaswell.Idobodybuildingeveryday,hopingtokeephealthyandenergetic.Wealsowriteaplayandputitoninoursparetime.大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命;majorityofstudentscherishtheirbeautifulseasonandcher ishthehopethatonedaythey’llbecomeoutstanding.Butthereare indeedsomestudentsstillunderignorance.Theygathertogetherf oreating,drinkingorplayingcards.They’rebusyinsearchingfo ragirlfriendoraboyfriend.Theyforgetcompletelyabouttheirmi ssionascollegestudentsandthehopeoftheirmotherland.Finally,Idohopeeverybodycantrytheirbesttobecomeaworthycit izenofthecountry.Idohopeeverybodycanbecomethebackboneofou rnationandmakegreatcontributionstosociety! 译文:享受生活、不忘使命大学生英语演讲稿——享受生活、不忘使命坦率地说，一开始我还不能跟上老师的讲课。
大学英语六级听力讲座专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语六级听力讲座专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.听力原文：Okay. So let’s get started. And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.(16)I’m going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I’m going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I’m going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it’s made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don’t have love if you don’t have all three of these elements. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don’t share with anybody else. Okay. That’s really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn’t shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship. The third element of love in Sternberg’s theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.(17)Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg’s theory you have love.(18)Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have, if you only have one out of three or two out of three. What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully. So what I’ve done is I’ve taken Sternberg’s three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I’ve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg’s three elements of love?1．A．They are focused more on attraction than love.B．They were done by his former colleague at Yale.C．They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.D．They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.正确答案：A解析：讲座开头部分，讲话者说，他会对“爱”进行定义，但他接下来要讲的大多数实验的真正关注点是“爱慕”而非“爱情”，故答案为A)。
大学生社区服务的福利和服务英语作文
大学生社区服务的福利和服务英语作文English: College students engaging in community service not only benefit the community but also gain numerous personal benefits. By volunteering their time and skills, students have the opportunity to make a positive impact in society, develop leadership skills, and cultivate a sense of empathy and compassion towards others. Community service also allows students to apply their academic knowledge in a real-world setting, enhancing their understanding of social issues and contributing to their personal growth. Additionally, participating in community service activities can help students builda strong network of relationships with like-minded individuals and professionals in their field of interest, opening up potential career opportunities and expanding their social capital. Overall, the welfare and services provided by college students through community service play a crucial role in improving the well-being of society as a whole.中文翻译: 大学生参与社区服务不仅使社区受益，而且也获得许多个人收益。
关于大学生社区工作的好处英语作文
关于大学生社区工作的好处英语作文（中英文实用版）The benefits of community service for college students are multifaceted, encompassing personal growth, social responsibility, and career development.Engaging in community work not only allows students to expand their horizons but also fosters a sense of empathy and active citizenship.大学生参与社区服务的好处是多方面的，包括个人成长、社会责任和职业发展。
投身于社区工作不仅能让学生的视野得到拓展，还能培养他们的同理心以及积极的公民意识。
Firstly, community service provides an excellent platform for students to hone their soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.These skills are invaluable in both personal life and future employment opportunities.首先，社区服务为学生提供了一个极佳的平台，让他们能够磨练软技能，比如沟通、团队合作和解决问题。
这些技能在个人生活和未来的就业机会中都极为宝贵。
Secondly, by participating in community service, students can gain a deeper understanding of societal issues and cultivate a heart for social welfare.This awareness and compassion can motivate them to become agents of positive change in society.其次，通过参与社区服务，学生能够更深入地了解社会问题，并培养对社会福利的关注。
大学英语社会福利介绍PPT文档33页
时间反复无常，鼓着翅膀飞逝
Citizens of the world benefits system introduced
世界各国公民福利制度介绍
Canadian social welfare systemocial welfare system, the public health system, family support payments, retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, injury assistance, social benefits are all the best social welfare system, citizens and permanent residents can be said to be old some support, medical. After arrival in Canada is one of a few things to do to apply for social security number. The nine-digit number that you can work, pay taxes, the use of government services such as code. Apply for a bank account, telephone number, and many times also are required to have Social Security numbers.
Do not your Social Security number to anyone casually. Social Security number should go to the city's employment centers (Employment Center) application. Most welfare programs are directed at a person with special needs, you must meet the conditions for such people. Some benefits may have to pay any money you have to give the program are accepted and approved. Some individuals and families may also apply for welfare programs meet several conditions. A separate application required. Application must have Social Security numbers.
英语小短文8篇
1.现在中国大学生参加志愿活动已成为常态。
他们到社区为老年人服务，到山区助学，举办爱心捐赠活动，或到世博会（World Expo）或奥运会等重要国际活动担任志愿者。
参加志愿活动有助于学生获取专业技能，丰富社会经验，提高道德水平。
多数大学生都认为参与志愿服务是自己应尽的社会责任和义务，希望能做一些有意义的事情来回报社会，积极推动社会和谐发展。
Volunteering has now become the norm for college students in China.The volunteers may provide community services for senior citizens, support students in mountain areas in education, organize fundraising activities to help those in need, or work for major international projects such as the World Expo and the Olympic Games. Doing volunteer work is a useful way for students to enhance their professional skills and social experience as well as promoting their moral development.The majority of college students believe that it is their duty and obligation to participate in volunteer activities.They hope that they can do something meaningful and promote the development of social harmony.2.“不以物喜，不以己悲”出自北宋文学家范仲淹的名著《岳阳楼记》，意思是凡事都要以一颗平常心看待，不因外部事物的好坏和自己的得失而或喜或悲。
新视野大学英语4第三单元
• Federal insurance office is set up for the people, working or have worked for himself and his family can participate in, including pension, pension (Retirement Benefits) (Survivor 'sB enefits) (Disability Benefits), disability benefits and health benefits (Medicare Benefits). • 2、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation) • 2, the unemployment subsidy (Unemployment Compensation)
Words and Expressions
Convict v. 定罪 n.囚犯
我掌握一切证据来给这个年轻犯人定罪。 I have all the evidence to convict this young criminal.
美国社会福利简介 Introduction to social welfare system American
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• 法国人共享有400多种福利补贴，政府每年从国库里拿 出大量的资金用于各种福利补贴。孩子从母亲受孕后的 第五个月起，一直到他长大成人直至死亡，就享受这 400多种福利中的某项。 法国再分配的主要特点是全民享有，包括农民和外国人， 越穷享受的福利越多。外国人只要在法国有合法居留身 份，就能和法国国民一样享受某些福利，没有任何歧视， 笔者在法国也享受他们的住房补贴等福利。当然，法国 分配制度的公平化是和法国工人阶级不断斗争分不开的。 笔者曾考察了法国人民为捍卫社会保险制度的斗争。在 一次工人和公务员举行的全国游行示威时，见一个男孩 背着一块标语牌，上面写着:“我今天游行是为了我孙后代”。
Swedish social welfare system
Sweden is the world's one of the best benefits, Sweden and other Nordic countries, the welfare system can be described in one sentence, that is, "from cradle to grave" all-encompassing. The Nordic countries have developed the world's most perfect, tax-based welfare system, this system includes: Grants, free medical care, unemployment benefits, the elderly care, pension payments, disabled assistance, single parent allowance, family and child protection aspects. Can be said that the government take care of perhaps its citizens. Sweden's social welfare system before the initiation of the First World War, when Germany as a model, on the part of the implementation of active employees, including injury, disease, and social security pensions, etc., and later introduced unemployment insurance.
French social welfare system
400 French people share a variety of benefits subsidy, the government pulled out from the national treasury every year a lot of money for various welfare benefits. The child from the mother after the first five months of pregnancy, has been growing up until his death, to enjoy the 400 in a variety of benefits. Redistribution of the main characteristics of the French universal access, including farmers and foreigners, the more the welfare of the poor to enjoy more. As long as foreigners have a legal residence status in France, and France will be able to enjoy certain benefits as nationals, without any discrimination, the author in France to enjoy their housing subsidies and other benefits.
Welfare system to some extent, the rich and the poor is a "leveling" policy. To housing for example, the housing system was included in the Swedish social security system. Swedish government housing policy goal is to make everyone get an adequate and comfortable and spacious accommodation and beautiful environment. Have access to sufficient standards of social housing that people of a social right. The quantity and quality of housing in Sweden, have entered the ranks of the world's highest level
英国社会福利制度
1934年，英国在保险救济金之外设计出了一个全国统一的收入审查 救济金计划，由失业救助委员会(UnemploymentAssistanceBoard， UAB)管理。至此开始了合理化进程。这个新机构就是1948年国家补 助委员会的前身。1934年，为失业者提供收入审查救济金的责任被 转移到这个全国性的组织。1940年，又在原有责任的基础上增加了 为老年人提供的类似救济金。1941年，又把多数由资力审查决定的 现金援助纳入其责任范围。至1948年，维持收入的责任落到了国家 补助委员会(Nati6nalAsmstanceBoard)。入院照顾问题和其他福利 服务的问题归地方福利部门负责。二战结束后，英国政府立即着手 进行福利国家建设。首先，建立了完善的社会保障法律体系。1946 年，英国颁布了《国民保险法》和《国民医疗保健法》。1948年颁 布了《国民救济法》。这三个法律的实施标志着英国已经建成了全 面的社会保障制度。其次，统一了社会保障事务的管理体制。虽然 从模式上看是起源于英国，但事实上英国在战后宣布建成福利国家 之后由于种种原因已经在相当程度上背离了普享性原则、统一性原 则、均一性原则。当这一福利国家理念被推广到欧洲其他国家时， 北欧国家全盘接受并发扬光大，成为西方福利国家的“橱窗”。在 西方国家福利制度中，社会公正这一概念始终包含着两重涵义：一 是机会的平等，即制度的平等问题，二是国家保护人的转移支付， 即再分配作用问题。前者强调“社会权利”，后者强调“削减贫 困”。
Canadian social welfare system
Canada has the world's best social welfare system, the public health system, family support payments, retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, injury assistance, social benefits are all the best social welfare system, citizens and permanent residents can be said to be old some support, medical. After arrival in Canada is one of a few things to do to apply for social security number. The nine-digit number that you can work, pay taxes, the use of government services such as code. Apply for a bank account, telephone number, and many times also are required to have Social Security numbers.
加拿大拥有世界最佳的社会福利制度，其公费医疗制度、 家庭辅助金，退休养老金、失业津贴、损伤辅助、社会
救济金等都是最优良的社会福利制度，公民和永久居民 可以说是老有所养，病有所医。到达加拿大后要办的几 件事之一是申请社会保险号。这个九位数的号码是你可 以工作、付税、使用政府各项服务等的身份代码。申请 银行户头、电话号码等许多时候也都要求有社会保险号。 不要将你的社会保险号随便告知他人。社会保险号应到 所在城市的就业中心（Employment Center）申请。大 部分福利计划都是针对某种有特别需要的人的，你必须 符合这类人的条件。有些福利可能是你得曾经付过钱给 该计划才被认可。有些个人和家庭可能同时符合几种福 利计划的申请条件。需分开申请。申请时必须有社会保 险号码。
Do not your Social Security number to anyone casually. Social Security number should go to the city's employment centers (Employment Center) application. Most welfare programs are directed at a person with special needs, you must meet the conditions for such people. Some benefits may have to pay any money you have to give the program are accepted and approved. Some individuals and families may also apply for welfare programs meet several conditions. A separate application required. Application must have Social Security numbers.