浙江省2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解讲义

阅读理解
阅读理解真题检测(一) 2018年6月浙江高考
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century —most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The
识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most pa rt, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casu’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。

21．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第一段内容尤其是最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。

故选C项。

22．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。

23．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：选A 写作意图题。

根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。

B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,
hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its
bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。

24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句g makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Steven Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有坏处，故选D项。

25．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“these”可知，此处指代上一句内容“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in ...”即在大约90个城市都禁止使用塑料袋，由此可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。

26．What is a
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

根据第四段倒数第二句
reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要更多的能源，故选D项。

27．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
解析：选 A 标题归纳题。

本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。

故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。

C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线)on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never
works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car tr
power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas
L．Friedman.He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American stren gth.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。

汽车给美国人民带来了便利，把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成一个工业大国，汽车成为美国社会的一个文化符号。

但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。

28．Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B．To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C．To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D．To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture ...even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。

由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。

所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。

故选B项。

29．What has the use of cars in America led to?
A．Decline of economy.
B．Environmental problems.
C．A shortage of oil supply.
D．
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。

故选B项。

30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
解析：选C 观点态度题。

根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。

由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。

故选C项。

阅读理解真题检测(二) 2017年11月浙江高考
A
When I was in fourth grade, I worked part­time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She’d watch me coming down her street, and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep, there’d be a cold drink waiting. I’d sit and drink while she talked.
Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” she’d say. The first time she said that, soda (汽水) went up my nose.
I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she’d work_it_out_of_her_system. So that’s what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery (墓地)．
I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund­raiser (募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she’d had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.
I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I’m doing. When I don’t say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems. She’s lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care, and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候作为报童倾听别人的诉说，而现在作者也会向送报纸的人诉说自己的经历，并感慨在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱。

21．Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time?
A．He was talking fast. B．He was shocked.
C．He was in a hurry. D．He was absent­minded.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“her dead husband”可知，Stanley先生已经去世了，可是Stanley太太却说：“Stanley 先生和我今天早上去购物了。

”由此可推断出，Stanley太太的话使“我”很震惊。

再结合第三段父亲向“我”解释原因的内容也可以推知当时“我”是很震惊并迷惑不解的，所以选B项。

22．Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3?
A．He enjoyed the drink.
B．He wanted to be helpful.
C．He took the chance to rest.
D．He tried to please his dad.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第三段内容可知，“我”不理解为什么Stanley太太谈论Stanley先生时仿佛他还在世。

“我”向父亲说了这件事并听从父亲的建议，静静地坐着倾听Stanley太太的诉说，“我”希望这对她有帮助。

23．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”？
A．recover from her sadness
B．move out of the neighborhood
C．turn to her old friends
D．speak out about her past
解析：选A 词义猜测题。

根据第二至三段内容可知，Stanley太太刚开始无法接受丈夫去世的事实，常常向“我”倾诉她去世的丈夫的事，后来“我”接受了父亲的建议，静静地倾听她的诉说。

结合第三段最后一句“After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery (墓地)．”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事实，从悲伤中恢复过来。

24．What does the author think people in a community should do?
A．Open up to others.
B．Depend on each other.
C．Pay for others’ help.
D．Care about one another.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段内容尤其是“You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care, and not because they’re getting paid to do so.Sometimes it’s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.”可推知，在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱，哪怕有时候仅仅是微笑、点头和倾听，都能够给别人以关心，由此选D项。

B
It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful,
crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights (领悟)．
So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We’re all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive (认知的) performance or is it just a feeling?
Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.
What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren’t. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test (one way of measuring attention). The researchers call the effect “enclothed cognition”， suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.
This opens the way for all sorts of clothes­based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef’s hat make the resultant food taste better?
From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown (学位服)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了“具衣认知”理论，该理论认为人们的衣着会影响人们的认知表现。

25．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Body movements change the way people think.
B．How people dress has an influence on their feelings.
C．What people wear can affect their cognitive performance.
D．People doing different jobs should wear different clothes.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。

根据文章第四段中的“The researchers call the effect ‘enclothed cognition’，suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了人们的衣着能够影响人们的认知表现，故C项能概括全文主旨。

26．Adam and Galinsky’s experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers’________.
A．insights B．movements
C．attention D．appearance
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention.”可知，该实验主要测试的是穿着白色的实验室衣服对人们的注意力的影响，由此可知选C项。

27．How does the author sound in the last paragraph?
A．Academic. B．Humorous.
C．Formal. D．Hopeful.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

作者最后一段提到从现在开始他要穿着白外套来编辑文章，以此来保持低的打字出错率，并希望读者穿着学位服阅读文章。

因此，作者是在用幽默风趣的语言来表达自己和读者在现实生活中如何运用“具衣认知”理论，故选B项。

C
There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting (提炼) aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment，” Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources (资源) we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, let’s compare the throwaway economy (经济) with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weighs 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cat’s 15­year lifetime. That’s 219kg of steel — more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime — and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we’ve used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we’ve also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use — 47% to 74%; in air pollution — 85%; in water pollution — 35%; in water use — 40%.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。

文章主要通过循环利用养猫所使用的食物罐的例子，阐述了
如何循环利用可回收材料以达到节能的目的。

28．What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?
A．It is becoming more serious.
B．It destroys the environment.
C．It benefits the economy.
D．It is the resources yet to be used.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Pollution is nothing but the resources (资源) we are not harvesting.We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.”并结合全段内容可知，Buckminster Fuller认为所谓的污染物就是尚未利用的资源，我们忽视了它们的价值，由此可知应选D项。

29．How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15­year lifetime in a recycling economy?
A．50. B．100.
C．150. D．250.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“But in all，only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime”可知，通过循环利用，养一只猫15年只需要用掉150个食物罐，故选C项。

30．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To promote the idea of recycling.
B．To introduce an environmentalist.
C．To discuss the causes of pollution.
D．To defend the throwaway economy.
解析：选A 写作意图题。

根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者在文章开头就提出了论点，即循环利用可回收材料更节能；第三至五段又具体通过养猫所使用的食物罐为例来进一步论证。

由此可推知，作者写本文的目的在于倡导循环利用的理念，故选A项。

阅读理解能力历来是浙江高考英语考查的重点，也始终占据着主体地位。

阅读理解题解答的顺利与否，直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。

因此，掌握一定的阅读理解解题技巧，可以帮助考生快速、准确的选择出正确答案，从而在高考中取得高分。

一、命题特点要知晓
1．短文特点
浙江高考英语阅读理解共设三篇文章，总词数不少于800，生词率不超过3%。

一共有
10个小题，每小题2.5分，共计25分。

2．选材特点
语篇来源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，多为最新时文，或经过出题者改写，具有浓厚的时代气息。

题材多样，涉及英语国家的文化习俗、人口、地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。

所选材料语言地道、内容丰富，紧跟时代步伐，有较为丰富的文化蕴涵，贴近考生生活。

3．体裁特点
体裁包括记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)、说明文、议论文和应用文。

(1)记叙文是通过叙述、描写、说明、抒情、议论的表达方式来记人、叙事、写景、状物以表达作者的特定思想情感。

(2)说明文是按照特定的时间、空间、逻辑顺序来介绍或说明某种事物的特征、功能等。

(3)议论文是指采用特定的论据来论证某种观点。

(4)应用文是采用特定的格式来介绍或说明某个主题。

二、题型技法要用好
浙江高考英语阅读理解题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次”，有利于选拔人才的高考命题思想。

中的例证细节和定义类细节。

这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。

当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1．事实细节题→寻读法
事实细节题分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。

常见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
Which of the following is mentioned (NOT mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is TRUE/RIGHT/FALSE/WRONG about ...?
[典例1] (2018·6月浙江高考阅读B节选)
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its
bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
26．
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
分析：本题为事实细节题，可用寻读法从文中找到信息源。

由题干中的“reusable bags”可确定信息源为倒数第二句。

根据该选段倒数第二句
reusable bags often requi re more energy to make.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要更多的能源，故选D项。

2．排列顺序题→首尾定位法(找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围) 排列顺序题常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般要求排列出事件发生的先后顺序。

常见命题形式有：
Which of the following is the CORRECT order of ...?
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph ...?
3．图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。

这种类型的题目考查的较少。

4．数字计算题→(方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算)
这类题目虽然可在文中直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可确定答案。

[典例2] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
分析：本题为数字计算题。

先审题：题干关键词为“spoken by less than 6,000 people at present”。

再由关键词找细节，细节为选段第一句和最后一句。

根据选段第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语
言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”分析可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，通过计算，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。

由此可知B项为正确选项。

它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。

题干关键词：infer (推断), indicate (象征，暗示), imply/suggest (暗示), conclude (得出结论), assume (假定，设想)。

1．细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：
It can be inferred from the text that ________.
The author implies/suggests that ________.
We may infer that ________.
It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
[典例1] (2018·6月浙江高考阅读A节选)
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
22．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
分析：本题为细节推理判断题。

根据选段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。

2．预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：
What do you think will happen if/when ...?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write ________.
3．推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有：
The passage is probably taken from ________.
The passage would most likely be found in ________.
Where does this text probably come from?
Who are the intended readers of the passage?
[典例2] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
[1]Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
[2]Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin
C.
[3]When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
[4]If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft­serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brochure.
分析：本题为推测文章来源。

从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月成熟的果实，说这
些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。

而这些内容自然与健康饮食有关，因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。

故选B项。

(1)注意选项为文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

(2)注意推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足原文由已知推断未知；做出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由，不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。

推理判断2注意
也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

常见命题形式：
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means ________.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to ________.
The word “...” in Para.2 probably means ________.
Which of th e following is closest in meaning to the word “...”？
要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

技巧1 通过因果关系猜词
因果关系是比较重要的逻辑关系，文章常借助关联词(because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示前因后果。

因此，我们可以借助这种因果关系来猜测词义。

[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
分析：本题可通过因果关系猜词。

该段第一句是由if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该
条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“you ca n simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a‘soft­serve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。

由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。

故选择D项。

技巧2 通过同义词、近义词或反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如：happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如：Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus (金星), Mars (火星), Jupiter (木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。

通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如：but, while, however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not ... as handsome as我们不难推测出homely的意思，即“不英俊，不漂亮”的意思。

[典例2] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
分析：本题可通过近义词的关系猜词。

根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近义表达，指“越多越好”。

故选A。

技巧3 通过构词法猜词
英语中的许多词汇是通过构词法生成的，因此可根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识来猜测生词词义。

如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money.(“un­”含否定意义，故unlikely意为“不太可能”之意。

)
技巧4 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。

标点符。