《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题
美国文学史及选读2复习笔记
PartⅣThe Literature Of Realism现实主义文学1.美国国内战争Civil War 1861-1865.美国现实主义文学：他们寻找描写美国人真实生活的方法，他们声称平凡的、就近的事件同重大的、遥运的事件一样都是艺术创作的源泉they sought to portray American life as it really was,, insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote.2.现实主义一词来源于法语realisme, 她是一种文学原则，她强调描写平凡的生活，强调其“真实性和现实性”。
Realism had originated in France as realisme, a literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. “现实主义要求创作素材绝对真实，即不能夸张，也不能缩小”,William Dean Howells(豪厄斯) defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”.他反对那些表现失意和绝望类苍白无力的小说，他强调现实主义作品要发掘出生活中微笑的一方面，因为美国人都坚信自己的国家是一个充满希望，什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家，作为文学也应该把这些特征表现出来he spoke out against the writing of a bleak fiction of failure and despair. He called for the treatment of the “Smiling aspects of life”as being the more “American”, insisting that American was truly a land of hope and of possibility that should be reflected in its literature.3.美国现实主义文学总体说来对生活的表面现象进行了乐观的处理，这是其局限，然而最伟大的现实伟大的现实主义大师亨利·詹姆斯、马克·吐温则摆脱了对十九世纪美国进行肤浅描写的局限，詹姆斯对他作品中的人物个性心理进行了深度探讨，他运用深厚的和复杂的写作方式对复杂的个人经历进行了揣摩。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解
20.1复习笔记 20.2考研真题与典型题详解
21.1复习笔记 21.2考研真题与典型题详解
22.1复习笔记 22.2考研真题与典型题详解
23.1复习笔记 23.2考研真题与典型题详解
24.1复习笔记 24.2考研真题与典型题详解
25.1复习笔记 25.2考研真题与典型题详解
0 1
第26章埃 兹拉·庞德
目录分析
第1章约翰·史密斯
第2章威廉·布拉德 福德和约翰·温思罗
普
第3章约翰·科顿和 罗杰·威廉姆斯
第4章安妮·布雷兹 特里特和爱德华·泰 勒
1.1复习笔记 1.2考研真题与典型题详解
2.1复习笔记 2.2考研真题与典型题详解
3.1复习笔记 3.2考研真题与典型题详解
4.1复习笔记 4.2考研真题与典型题详解
11.1复习笔记 11.2考研真题与典型题详解
12.1复习笔记 12.2考研真题与典型题详解
13.1复习笔记 13.2考研真题与典型题详解
14.1复习笔记 14.2考研真题与典型题详解
15.1复习笔记 15.2考研真题与典型题详解
16.1复习笔记 16.2考研真题与典型题详解
17.1复习笔记 17.2考研真题与典型题详解
第5章本杰明·富兰 克林
第6章托马斯·佩恩
第7章托马斯·杰斐 逊
第8章菲利普·弗瑞 诺
5.1复习笔记 5.2考研真题与典型题详解
6.1复习笔记 6.2考研真题与典型题详解
7.1复习笔记 7.2考研真题与典型题详解
8.1复习笔记 8.2考研真题与典型题详解
第9章华盛
1
顿·欧文
第10章詹姆
2
27.1复习笔记 27.2考研真题与典型题详解
y美国文学史及选读吴伟仁版复习笔记
History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1.17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish 占领。
2.17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3.美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included荷兰4.采用in5.6.早7.and8.with9.soughtof卡洪特10.theChesapeake region(切萨皮克地区)，最重要的是he saw from the beginning what was eventually to be a basic principle of American history, the need of “workers”instead of “gentlemen”for the tough job of planting colonies and pushing the frontiers westward.11.早期新英格兰文学主要关于theological, moral, historical and political.12.清教徒坚韧耐劳，严格遵守教义the Puritans in New England embraced hardships,together with the discipline of a harsh church想建立神权社会found a theocracy,他们生活简朴，意志坚定，我行我素，不屈不挠地斗争they had toughness, purpose and character, they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves.他们的基本价值观：注重勤劳，节俭，虔诚和节制hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety这些也成了早期美国作品主导思想。
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6）附：作者及作品一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记5
History And Anthology of American Literature（5）PartⅤTwentieth-Century Literature二十世纪文学Ⅰ. Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885-19721.埃兹拉·卢米斯·庞德Ezra Loomis Pound。
他是一位非常具有个性的诗人，他能把传统与令人深刻和大胆的创新很熟练地结合起来he had a distinct poetic personality, he combined a command of the older tradition with impressive and often daring originality.他是一位多产的随笔作家，他不断地为纽约、伦敦、巴黎的小杂志撰稿，然后把这些作品汇集到一起，于是便组成了一个令人兴奋的文学大世界，他坚持无私地扶持那些刚入道，没什么影响，而他认为有前途的文学艺术家，最为重要的可能就是他给T·S·爱略特的帮助了he was a prolific essayist for the little magazines of New York, London, Paris, which then constituted a large and exciting literary world. He unselfishly and persistently championed the experimental and often unpopular artists. Most important of all, perhaps, was the advice and encouragement which he gave to T·S· Eliot.2.庞德和爱略特的作品都要求他们的读者熟悉古典作品，包括意大利和英国文艺复兴时期的作品，特别是欧洲大陆地区文学，包括法国象征主义，庞德保持了作品的艰深晦涩风格 both Pound and Eliot required of their readers a familiarity with the classics, the productions of Italian and English Renaissance,, and specialized areas of Continental literature, including the works of the French symbolists. Pound’s continued to draw fundamentally upon his formidably recondite culture.3.《向塞克斯图·普罗佩提多斯致敬》”Homage toSextus Propertius”; 《人物》（或《面具》）”Personae”or “Masks”;1920年《休·赛尔温·毛伯利》被看作是有关一战战争实质的讽刺类代表作”Hugh Selwyn Mauberley”, considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in World WarⅠ;1917年开始创作《诗集》，截止1959年总首数已达109首，有点象但丁的《神曲》，也是由三个部分组成，结构较为松散，作品中的主人公是喜剧性的人而不是神，他认为人类文明的毁灭主要是由于人类的三个时期，即上古时期、复兴时期和现代时期缺乏信用所至”The Cantos”, began in 1917, by 1959, the numbered 109 poems. The progressive series, exceeding the proposed limit of one hundred poems, are loosely connected cantos, like Dante’s“Divina Commedia”in three sections, butrepresenting a comedy human, not divine, dealingwith the wreck of civilizations by reason of theinfidelity of mankind in the three epochs-the ancientworld, the Renaissance, and the modern period.4.二战期间，庞德代表意大利政府，运用广播形式对美国军队进行强烈的谴责。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》章节题库(含考研真题)(理性时代和革命时期文学)【圣才出品】
第二章理性时代和革命时期文学填空题1. In Philadelphia, ______ edited the Pennsylvania Magazine, and contributed to the Pennsylvania Journal.【答案】Thomas Paine2. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet ______ appeared.【答案】Common Sense【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。
3. Except Common Sense, Paine’s the other two famous works were______ and ______.【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。
4. Thomas Paine’s second most important work ______ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。
《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】
第二章吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（二）I. Fill in the blanks1. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is ______.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896）的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激废奴主义于1850年代兴起的一大原因。
2. The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as “_______”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。
3. Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “______”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。
4. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote ______, which has been called “the Manifesto ofA merican Transcendentalism,”and ______, which has been regarded as A merica’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence.”【答案】Nature；“The A merican Scholar”【解析】爱默生的《论自然》被称为“美国超验主义的宣言”，其《美国学者》则被誉为美国知识分子的独立宣言。
5. William Bradford’s work ______ consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”.【答案】MayflowerII. Multiple Choice1. Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?A. Henry David ThoreauB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. James Fennimore Cooper【答案】D【解析】James Fenimore Cooper（库柏），美国早期作家，The Leather-Stocking Tales （《皮裹腿故事集》）是他的经典之作。
吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解(战后的现实主义小说)【圣才出品】
第10章战后的现实主义小说10.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Emergence2. Major ConceptsⅡ. John Cheever (1912-1982)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅢ. James Thurber (1894-1961)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅣ. Truman Capote (1924-1984)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅤ. Jerome David Salinger (1919-2010)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅥ. John Updike (1932-2009)1. Life2. Career3. CommentⅠ. Overview1. Emergence①Modernist fiction declined during and after the Second World War. Famous writers like Scott Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, and Gertrude Stein died one after another.②Postwar realism represents a general literary temper which conforms to the transformation of the new postwar world.Ⅰ. 概述1. 出现①现代主义小说在二战期间和战后逐渐衰落。
菲茨杰拉德，舍伍德和格特鲁德等优秀作家相继去世。
②战后现实主义代表了一般的文学倾向，符合战后社会的观点的转变。
2. Major Concepts①Postwar realism combines the time-honored realism with the effective achievements of various literary trends, including modernism.②Postwar realism embodies the great changes in literature along with the great changes in society.2. 主要概念①战后现实主义把历史悠久的现实主义和包括现代主义在内的多种文学趋势结合在一起。
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记2
History And Anthology of American Literature（2）Part ⅡThe Literature of Reason And Revolution理性和革命时期文学1．托马斯·佩因《常识》Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”;托马斯·杰弗逊《独立宣言》Thomas Jefferson “Declaration of Independence”2．在经济方面，英国要求美出口原材料，后从英国购回高成本的机器they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country.3．在政治方面，要求他们归英国政府统一管理，交各种税收但在议会中却没有代表by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament.4．美独立战争持续了八年（1776-1783）The War for Independence.诺亚·韦伯斯特（Noah Webster）说：文化上的独立，艺术上的著名。
5．文学上独立的代表作：1785年杰弗逊：《弗吉尼亚洲的声明》Jefferson’s “Notes on the State of Virginia”;1791年巴特姆：《旅行笔记》“Travels” by BartramⅠ. Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790殖民地时期作家。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】
第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。
其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。
美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。
这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。
5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学第1章约翰·史密斯1.1 复习笔记I. Historical Introduction (历史背景)(1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.(2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.(3) The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, about adapting to new life and dealing with Indians; they wrote letters, contracts, government charters, religious and political statements.(4) The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith, an English soldier of fortune.His reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. (1) 直到17世纪初，美国所在的广袤大陆才被英国及少数几个欧洲国家的探险家涉足。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第四章【圣才出品】
第四章现实主义文学填空题1. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, that is poetry withouta fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.【答案】free verse【解析】沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1810-1892）是美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造性地运用了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。
自由诗是诗体的一种，其结构自由﹐段数、行数、字数没有一定规格，语言有自然节奏而不用韵。
2. O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.【答案】The Gift of the Magi【解析】《麦琪的礼物》（The Gift of the Magi）是美国著名文学家欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说，它描写了一个感人的故事：在圣诞节前一天，一对小夫妻互赠礼物，结果阴差阳错，两人珍贵的礼物都变成了无用的东西，而他们却得到了比任何实物都宝贵的东西——爱3. In ______, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。
4. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ______ gave America its first genuine epic poem.【答案】Walt Whitman【解析】《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）是十九世纪美国作家沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）浪漫主义诗集。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）【圣才出品】第⼀章吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）I. Fill in the blanks1. ______, by Ezra Pound, employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology, modern history and personages, private history and Witticism, and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。
2. ______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 【答案】Washington Irving【解析】华盛顿·欧⽂是美国著名作家，他被誉为美国第⼀位浪漫主义散⽂⽂体作家。
3. The protagonist of Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire is ______.【答案】Frank Cowperwood【解析】西奥多·德莱塞的《欲望三部曲》（Trilogy of Desire）包括《⾦融家》（The Financier），《巨⼈》（The Titan），《斯多葛》（The Stoic）。
《欲望三部曲》的主⼈公是法兰克·柯帕乌（Frank Cowperwood）。
4. The great work ______ not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论⾃⽴》不仅表现了爱默⽣关于⾃⽴的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第五章【圣才出品】
第五章20世纪美国文学填空题1. “Impersonal theory” of poetry was developed by ______, a famous poet as well as a distinguished literary critic.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】T. S. Eliot【解析】（“非个性化”理论是艾略特诗歌理论的核心内容，包括艺术情感、传统、客观对应物三个相互影响、相互制约的核心概念，“诗不是表现情感，而是逃避情感；不是表现个性，而是逃避个性。
”）2. In his ______, Ezra Pound expresses his fascination with Chinese history and the doctrine of Confucius. （天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】Cantos【解析】Ezra Pound在长诗《诗章》中阐述孔子学说，他的另一诗集Cathay《华夏》收集并翻译了十几首中国古诗。
3. Author ______ Title ______ （南京大学2009研）The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.【答案】Author: Ernest Hemingway Title: A Clean, Well-lighted Place【解析】题目节选自海明威的A Clean, Well-lighted Place（《一个干净明亮的地方》）。
这是海明威的一个短篇小说。
4. Author ______ Title ______ （南京大学2008研）His mother’s hand to uched his shoulder.“Does hit hurt?” she said.“Naw,” he said. “Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be.”【答案】Author: William Faulkner Title: Barn Burning【解析】题目节选自福克纳的Barn Burning（《烧牲口棚》）。
吴定柏美国文学大纲第2版笔记和考研真题详解
吴定柏美国文学大纲第2版笔记和考研真题详解吴定柏《美国文学大纲》（第2版）笔记和考研真题详解才聪学习网覆盖了全国500多所院校考研专业课、1100多种经典教材、200多种职业资格考试，类型包括电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频。
内容简介《美国文学大纲》（吴定柏主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英美文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。
为了帮助读者更好地学习这套教材，我们精心编著了它的配套辅导用书。
作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分17章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。
每章的复习笔记以该教材为主结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。
本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。
3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。
本书精选名校考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。
所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
•试看部分内容第1章殖民地时期的美国文学1.1 复习笔记1.2 考研真题与典型题详解第2章早期的浪漫主义2.1 复习笔记2.2 考研真题与典型题详解第3章超验主义3.1 复习笔记3.2 考研真题与典型题详解第4章浪漫主义4.1 复习笔记4.2 考研真题与典型题详解第5章现实主义5.1 复习笔记5.2 考研真题与典型题详解第6章地方色彩小说6.1 复习笔记6.2 考研真题与典型题详解第7章自然主义7.1 复习笔记7.2 考研真题与典型题详解第8章现代诗歌8.1 复习笔记8.2 考研真题与典型题详解第9章1945年之前的现代小说9.1 复习笔记9.2 考研真题与典型题详解第10章战后的现实主义小说10.1 复习笔记10.2 考研真题与典型题详解第11章垮掉的一代11.1 复习笔记11.2 考研真题与典型题详解第12章美国的女性作家12.1 复习笔记12.2 考研真题与典型题详解第13章美国犹太作家13.1 复习笔记13.2 考研真题与典型题详解第14章黑人文学14.1 复习笔记14.2 考研真题与典型题详解第15章南方文学15.1 复习笔记15.2 考研真题与典型题详解第16章后现代小说16.1 复习笔记16.2 考研真题与典型题详解第17章现代戏剧17.1 复习笔记17.2 考研真题与典型题详解。
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer).Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living）Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet)John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson：Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidencePhilip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hopeNationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van WinkleJames Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The DeerslayerEdgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”“The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“TheCask of Amontillado”效果论art for arts sake诗歌The Raven 《乌鸦》Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔•李》To Helen 《致海伦》•Henry Wadsworth Longfellow be honored by having his bust placed in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey.the first American poet to write the narrative poems.•Works:•Voices of the Night《夜吟》•Ballads and Other Poems《民谣及其他》• A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》•The Slave’s Dream《奴隶的梦》•The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls《潮起潮落》•My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》•The Song of Hiawatha《海华沙之歌》•The Courtship of Miles Standish《迈尔斯斯坦迪什的求婚》••New England Transcendentalism summit of American •Romanticism.Leaders: Emerson and Thoreau“The Universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.”•Ralph Waldo Emerson New England Transcendentalism. •Nature (论自然) American Scholar （美国学者）Divinity School Address （神学院演说）Representative Men 代表English Traits（英国人的特征）•The Over-Soul (论超灵) Self-Reliance（论自立）•Henry David Thoreau Walden, or Life in the Woods Civil Disobedience•Transcendentalism Emerson Thoreau •Nathaniel Hawthorne Twice-Told Tales Mosses from an Old Manse The Scarlet Letter•The House of the Seven Gables 1851••The Blithedale Romance 1852••The Marble Faun 1860g)“Young Goodman Brown”(Mosses from an Old Manse)g)“The Minister’s Black Veil”（Twice-Told Tales ）g)“Dr. Rappacini’s Daughter” (Mosses from an Old Manse)Herman Melville Typee the whaler Acushnet Omoo Mardi Pierre White Jacket Billy Budd Moby Dick RedburnHenry Wadsworth Longfellow be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey.Naturalism：自然主义 a new and harsher realism Deterministic 决定论，宿命的pessimism代表作家：Stephen Crane 史蒂芬.克莱恩, Frank Norris 弗朗克.诺里斯, Jack London 杰克.伦敦, Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞.Darwinism: 达尔文主义:an evident influence on naturalism, stress the animality of manWalt Whitman Leaves of Grass the first genuine epic poem •Emily Dickinson•Because I could not Stop for Death•I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died•My Life Closed Twice before its Close•I Died for Beauty—but was ScarceHarriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s CabinMark Twainn 1.The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1865) (卡拉弗拉斯县的著名跳蛙)n 2.Innocents Abroad (1869)（成功傻子出国记）n 3.Roughing It (1872) （艰苦岁月）n 4.The Gilded Age (with Charles Dudley waenner,1873) （镀金时代）n 5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)（汤姆索耶历险记）The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn realismO. Henry The Gift of the Magi the cop and AnthemHenry James Daisy Miller The Portrait of a Lady 国际化Jack London The Call of the Wild Martin Eden”(autobiographical novel自传体小说)•Theodore Dreiser•Sister Carrie 1900•An American Tragedy 1925 the greatest successful•The Financier 1912•The Titan 1914•The Stoic the protagonist Trilogy of desire欲望三部曲•Dreiser Looks at Russia 1928•F. Scott Fitzgerald•This Side of Paradise (1920)•Flappers and Philosophers (1920)•The Beautiful and Damned (1920)•Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)•The Great Gatsby (1925)•Tender Is the Night (1934)•The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)•Ernest Hemingway representative of “The Lost Generation •The Sun Also Rises(1926)• A Farewell to Arms(1929)•eg. For Whom the Bell Tolls(1937)•eg. The Old Man and the Sea(1952)T. S. Eliot The Waste LandO.Henry the gift of Magi the cop and the AnthemJack London The call of the wild Martin EdenEzra pound in a station of the metroEdwin Arlington Robinson Richard CoryRobert Frost the road not taken stopping by woods on a snowy evening 崇尚自然Carl Sandburg fogWallace Stevens Anecdote of the jarJohn Steinbeck the grapes of wrathWilliam Faulkner the sound and the fury as I lay dying sanctuary light in August Absalom the Hamlet go down Moses50stars 13stripes任期8年New England northeast1492 哥伦比亚发现新大陆。
吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解(美国犹太作家)【圣才出品】
第13章美国犹太作家13.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Background2. Emergence of Jewish Writers in AmericaⅡ. Saul Bellow (1915-2005)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅢ. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-1991)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅣ. Bernard Malamud (1914-1986)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅤ. Philip Roth (1933-)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅥ. General CommentⅠ. Overview1. BackgroundAmerican literature draws from the great cultural diversities as contributed by all immigrant, ethnic, and regional groups in the country.2. Emergence of Jewish Writers in AmericaFirst, they followed European tradition of realism rather than American spirit of romanticism. Abraham Cahan (1860-1951) was the first immigrant writer and the first major Jewish American author to assert a strong American literary voice. Mary Antin (1881-1949) was a Jewish-immigrant woman from Russia. She described her rebirth as an American in her autobiography The Promised Land(1912). The full arrival of competent mature Jewish literature occurred by the end of World War Ⅱ. Ⅰ. 概述1.背景美国文学从所有的移民、民族和地域团体中所形成的多样文化中吸取了很多。
吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和考研真题详解(1945年之前的现代小说)【圣才出品】
第9章1945年之前的现代小说9.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Background2. Lost Generation3. Modern FictionⅡ. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅢ. Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅣ. Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅤ. John Steinbeck (1902-1968)1. Life2. Literary Career3. The Grapes of WrathⅠ. Overview1. Background①After the war, the voices of new groups of Americans were heard. They were poor, or immigrants, or Jews, or blacks.②During this period there occurred in America a reexamination of the structure of literature and of the nature of the critical activity itself.Ⅰ. 概述1. 背景①战后，很多美国的新作家来自穷人，移民，犹太人或黑人。
②这一时期，美国重新审视了文学结构和评论活动本身。
2. Lost GenerationLost Generation were cut off from their past. Without a meaningful future to fall on, they were lost in disillusionment and existential voids.2. 迷惘的一代迷惘的一代与过去分割。
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《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学第1章约翰·史密斯1.1 复习笔记I. Historical Introduction (历史背景)(1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.(2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.(3) The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, about adapting to new life and dealing with Indians; they wrote letters, contracts, government charters, religious and political statements.(4) The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith, an English soldier of fortune.His reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. (1) 直到17世纪初，美国所在的广袤大陆才被英国及少数几个欧洲国家的探险家涉足。
17世纪早期，英国人最终在弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞定居，奠定了人们熟知的美国主流文化的基础。
(2) 成为第一个联邦的殖民地大部分是由英国的传统维系，受英国法律管辖，依靠英国商贸，以英国君主和领地命名。
(3) 美国早期文学就是这些殖民者写的叙述文和日记，主要是关于他们来到这块新大陆的航海历程，如何适应岛上的新生活，如何和当地印第安人打交道；还有信件、契约、政府宪章、宗教和政治声明。
(4) 1607年，英国殖民者在弗吉尼亚詹姆斯敦建立了第一个在北美的永久性殖民地。
英国雇佣兵约翰·史密斯上尉就是这批殖民者中的一员。
17世纪初，他发表的关于探寻新大陆的报告被认为是第一部用英语写作的美国文学作品。
II. Early New England Literature (早期新英格兰文学)New England had from the beginning a literature of ideas: theological, moral, historical and political. The Puritans, who had come to New England for the sake of religious freedom, had embraced hardships, together with the discipline of a harsh church for a very long time. Over the years the Puritans built a way of life that was in harmony with their somber religion, one that stressed hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. These were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing,including the sermons, books, and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather.新英格兰文学打一开始就充满了各种各样的思想，内容涉及神学、道德、历史和政治等话题。
清教徒来到新英格兰是为了获得宗教自由，他们长期地忍受着困苦和教堂严酷的教规。
通过多年的努力，他们养成了一种与他们忧郁的宗教相适应的生活方式，即勤劳、节俭、虔诚和节制。
这些主要价值观充分体现在他们的作品中，包括一些著名的牧师如约翰·科顿和科顿·马瑟等的布道词、书籍和信件等。
III. Puritan Thoughts (清教徒的思想)(1) As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices. The Puritan was a “would-be purifier.”The word was coined by the opponents of the group and was applied to them in scorn; it was intended to ridicule them as persons who thought themselves holier or better than others. The undaunted Puritans claimed the name for themselves, adopting it as a badge of honor.(2) The Puritans wished to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology. They felt the corruption within the Church of England from which they wished to break free.(3) Puritans included people from the humblest to the loftiest ranks of English society, educated and uneducated, poor and rich. Their faults were those common to persons who hold extreme opinions. The Puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people, and it followed logically that anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God’s will and was not to beaccepted. They were thus zealous in defense of their own beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others.(4) Puritans’lives were disciplined and hard, and they tended to suspect joy and laughter as symptoms of sin.(5) Puritan religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God and to forget His mercy.(1) 从字面上讲，清教徒想要净化他们的信仰和行为，他们是“灵魂将要得到净化的人”。
这一词是由他们的对手造出来讽刺他们的，用来嘲讽那些自认为更圣洁、更美好的人。
这些无畏的清教徒接受了这一称呼，并视其为荣誉的象征。
(2) 清教徒希望恢复教堂的朴素和圣洁，以及《圣经》的神学权威。
他们看到英国国教的腐败，因此想脱离国教。
(3) 清教徒涵盖英国社会中最卑微到最高贵的人，受过教育的和没受过教育的人，贫穷的和富裕的人。
他们的共同不足是对事物看法过分极端。
清教徒认为自己是上帝选定的人，而那些与他们生活方式不同的人就是违背上帝的意愿，不被接受。
他们热衷于为自己的信仰辩护，而通常难以容忍其他信仰。
(4) 清教徒们过着一种自律艰苦的生活，他们倾向于将快乐和欢笑看成是一种罪恶的表现。
(5) 清教徒的宗教教育倾向于过分强调上帝严厉的一面，而忽略了上帝仁慈的一面。
IV. John Smith(1580－1631) (约翰·史密斯)(1) Captain John Smith became the first American writer. His first work is A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608), a letterto the Virginia Company in London, defending the handling of the settlement and proclaiming the merits of the new land. His next book was A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country (1612). The book was a guide to the country and an invitation to the bold spirits needed to enlarge and strengthen the English plantation in the new land.(2) Smith published eight in all, some of which explored the history of New England. The ideas reflected in his works eventually become a basic principle of American history: the need of “workers”instead of “gentlemen”for the tough job of planting colonies and pushing the frontiers westward.(1) 约翰·史密斯成为第一位美国作家。