2021届西安市远东第一中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案

2021届西安市远东第一中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.
Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.
The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.
As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.
A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.
The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.
The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.
―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.
1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. difficult
B. disordered
C. dissolved
D. different
2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?
A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.
B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.
C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.
D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.
3. What can we infer from the study?
A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.
B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.
C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.
D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.
B
Two young brothers fromMalden.Massachusettswere in the spotlight Thursday after being named “heroes" by a national organization that recognizes young people doing great things. For the Bennett brothers, the goal of their work is nothing less than helping researchers find a cure for cancer. And their inspiration came from a friend.
Thirteen-year-old Hany Bennett and his nine-year-old brother Heath run their business out of their family kitchen. "We're making lip balm（润唇膏），"Harry says. They got the idea two years ago when their friend, Timmy, was diagnosed（诊断）with cancer. brothers wanted to do something. We learned that cancer patients（lips and skin can get really dry because of chemotherapy（化疗），Hany says.
A light bulb went off in both of their young heads,and " Bennett Brothers Balm was born. "We make lip balm, which is kind of like our main product/ says Heath. They also make and sell different body balms, all natural, all handmade, while the profits benefit cancer research. "We've raised S 15,000/ Heath says.
And with the great optimism of children, they don't just want to help；they wont to win. We want to find a cure. We want to help doctors find a cure, Harry explains, The brothers are also Gelding a team for the Light the Night Walk, to fight cancer.
"I think it's great to raise money and help people who have cancer," says Heath. Their parents play a big role as well, but it's the boys who provide the most enthusiasm with a message we can all learn from. "If you want to do something... do it," Harry says. "I just feel very glad that we're helping. It feels very good”，adds Heath.
Harn and Heath just received the S 10,000 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. Hwy intend to save some of il for college, invest some of it in their business and give the rest to charity. And their friend Timmy? "He's doing
great. He's all better, Harry says.
4. What encouraged the Bennett brothers to make lip balm at first?
A. Helping a friend with cancer.
B. Finding a cure for cancer.
C. Raising public awareness of cancer.
D. Collecting money for cancer patients.
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. The two brothers finished their first product.
B. The two brothers came up with an idea.
C. The two brothers struggled for a stress-free life.
D. The two brothers found an effective way to study.
6. What do the Bennett brothers think of their work?
A. It is quite competitive.
B. It is well worthwhile.
C. It fails to satisfy their parents.
D. lt helps them make a big profit.
7. What does the author intend to tell us with the two brothers' story?
A. Great minds think alike.
B. Two headsare better than one.
C. Young kids can make a big difference.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
C
My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.
I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.
The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.
As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.
That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knewthatwhen we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.
8. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?
A. They were excited.
B. They were surprised.
C. They were worried.
D. They were uninterested.
9. What is special about the garden?
A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.
B. The grass grew faster than common grass.
C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.
D. Underground water was used for the plants.
10. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?
A. We got blisters on our hands.
B. Our hard work was worthwhile.
C. The garden would be famous.
D. The project would be finished.
11. How did the author feel about the project?
A. Annoyed.
B. Curious.
C. Proud.
D. Regretful.
D
Concrete is the world's most consumed material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity—turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the breeze dies down or darkness falls.
Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports in Buildings that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 900 percent increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts.
A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, "you can make a battery out of a potato," notes Aimee Byrne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter
and powering electronics.
Although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts, it still has a long way to go: 200 square meters of it "can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption" of a typical U.S. home, Zhang says.
This is not enough to compete with today's rechargeable devices. "We're getting milliamps (毫安) out of concrete batteries—we're not getting amps (安培), "Byrne says." We're getting hours as opposed to days of charge." But she adds that" concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs." The earliest batteries were simple andbulky. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today's small devices. Byrne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. "The whole idea is that we're looking far into the future," she says. "We're playing the long game with it."
12. What can we learn about the concrete batteries?
A. They become increasingly renewable.
B. They are the most consumed batteries.
C. They are being developed by researchers.
D. They will replace energy from the wind and sun.
13. Why does Byrne mention a battery out of a potato?
A. To show it is easy to build concrete batteries.
B. To argue it is possible to develop concrete batteries.
C. To make her statement more interesting.
D. To call on people to protect the environment.
14. What does the underlined word "bulky" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Heavy
B. Cheap
C. Efficient
D. Small.
15. What doesByrne think of concrete batteries?
A. They beat today's rechargeable devices.
B. They are simple and bulky.
C. They have a doubtful future.
D. They have a long way to go.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One thing that happens to all of usas we age is muscle loss. Some experts say it can start as early as age 30. In fact, muscle loss may be a natural part of aging.___16___. It is better to start strength training when you are younger and in good health.
But what exactly is “strength training”? Simply put, strength training is an activity that makes one's muscles stronger. Here are reasons to start your strength training today.
Develop strong bones
___17___which can increase the thickness or density of bones and reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis (骨质疏松症) —a disease that weakens bones, making them easy to break.
___18___
Strength training can help you to take control of your weight and even lose weight. Muscle weighs more than fat. But muscle increases your metabolism (新陈代谢), and ahigher metabolism helps you burn more calories.
Improve your quality of life
Strength training can improve your ability to do everyday activities. For example, having stronger muscles makes it easier to lift and move things. Strong muscles can improve your balance.___19___. As we age, this can greatly add to your quality of life.
Improve your thinking skills
Mayo Clinic says some research shows that regular strength training, when combined with other kinds of exercise, has good results.___20___.
A. Then, let it alone
B. Manage your weight
C. Enhance the value of weight loss
D. But you can do some things to slow it down
E. Strength training puts pressure on your bones
F. It may help older adults understand and learn better
G. So, your risk of falling or getting injured may be lessened
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
完形填空(20%)
This is a simple T-shirt, but it has taught me the significance of___21___. Looking at it, I go back into the past.
It wasa warm day when I___22___my elementary school. It made me quite___23___. I lay in my front yard in the warm sun. As I fell into sleep, I vaguely heard my mother’s steps approaching. Then, I sat up,___24___lemonade or some apples. But she was carrying___25___, and her face was just as___26___. There must be something wrong. “Simon is in___27___,” she said.
Simon was my stepfather’s nephew.___28___we were not related by blood, Simon in some way meant more to me than any blood . Being both___29____, we always went hiking and surfing together. I really enjoyed
his___30___I wished to attend middle school with him, too.
“He has cancer,” my mom added. When I heard that, my stomach got heavier. “But he will ___31___, right?” I asked. “Because he has a rare case, it’s not clear whether he can defeat it.” My mom replied.
Day by day, Simon seemed to be getting weaker and his___32___was bad, making him lack nutrition (营养). Throughout his___33___, Simon suffered allergic shock (过敏) due to the medicine’s side effects. Somehow, Simon was having a (an)___34___later. The whole family were thrilled.___35___, Simon’s improvement turned out to be a flash in a pan (昙花一现).
Itwas around then that I___36___the “Simon Says…” T-shirt, which was designed with letters, “Simon Says…Cancer is a detour (绕行), instead of a stop sign.” I proudly wore Simon’s present in the summer vacation and___37___wearing it when later attending middle school. That sentence taught me however that challenge fought against us, we shouldn’t___38___.
At last, Simon didn’t___39___it. But his T-shirt would have a lasting positive impact on the world. Simon___40___and inspired countless people with his spirits.
21. A.courage B.understanding C.self-respect D.devotion
22. A.finished B.attended C.visited D.skipped
23. A.amused B.curious C.relaxed D.frightened
24. A.seeing B.presenting C.carrying D.expecting
25. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
26. A.blank B.sour C.confused D.surprised
27. A.relief B.trouble C.sight D.shape
28. A.While B.Because C.As D.If
29. A.kind B.clever C.optimistic D.energetic
30. A.honesty B.encouragement pany D.trust
31. A.live B.succeed C.insist D.struggle
32. A.spirit B.appetite C.look D.behavior
33. A.learning B.exercise C.treatment D.dieting
34. A.disaster B.recovery C.examination D.wish
35. A.Sadly B.Undoubtedly C.Naturally D.Especially
36. A.designed B.received C.bought D.washed
37. A.loved B.started C.stopped D.continued
38. A.show off B.set off C.give up D.take over
39. A.face B.sense C.take D.make
40. A.appreciated B.challenged C.touched D.funded
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Why____41.____Britons and Americans have different spellings for the same words?
Noah Webster must be____42.____(responsibility) for this — at least in part. He believed it was important for America____43.____(show) its difference fromBritainthrough language. He wrote the first American spelling, grammar____44.____schoolbooks. He also thought words should be spelled more like how they sound.
Many years before he published his well-known American Dictionary of theEnglish Language, he published a much____45.____(small) and more radical (激进的) dictionary called ACompendious Dictionary. It included spellings such as w-i-m-m-e-n for “women”add t-u-n-g for “tongue”. That dictionary turned out to be a failure. However, he succeeded in introducing words such as “favor” “theater” instead____46.____“favour” “theatre” in his next dictionary years later.
There are some word differences we can’t blame Webster. For example, “while” and “whilst” mean the same thing, but nobody really____47.____(know) why “whilst” survived in Britain but disappeared in America. According to World Wide Words, “whilst”____48.____(think) to be more formal than “while”, even in Britain.____49.____(Obvious), “whilst” is not accepted in America because we are a less formal nation.
Geographic separation of the two______50.______(population) also let the language change differently in the two countries.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要同学之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处）不计分。

Dear Lucy,
Much thanks for your letter. You must be homesick being far away your family in a different country. Here’s
some advices that I hope will be helpful. If I am you, I would buy a computer. The Internet was a great tool and it allows us to communicating with others anywhere in the world. You can talk with your loved ones online and see them, either. It may be a bit expensive so I think it will be the best choice. You can also go out and have a fun with people you know. Good luck with our job.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华．你的美国笔友Tom对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣，恰好你校今年寒假将为外国学生举办一场汉语冬令营活动（Chinese Winter Camp），请你给他发一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．时间和地点；
2．内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；
3．报名方式和截止时间．
注意：1．词数：100左右
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C
12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
16. D 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. F
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32.
B 33.
C 34. B 35. A 36. B 37.
D 38. C 39. D 40. C
41. do 42. responsible
43. to show
44. and 45. smaller
46. of 47. knows
48. is thought
49. Obviously
50. populations
51.(1). Much →Many
(2).far away 后加from
(3). advices →advice
(4). am →were
(5). was →is
(6). communicating→ communicate
(7). either→ too
(8). so →but
(9). 去掉a
(10). our →your
52.略。