北师大版英语必修二Unit5 Humans and nature Lesson2讲义及练习

高一英语核心素养特训
Unit5 Humans and nature Lesson2
▲★1.rescue
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)n. [U]救援，营救；[C]营救行动
rescue team/ worker/boat救援队/人员/船只
▶Last week, we watched the film OPERATION RED SEA, an action film based on a Chinese naval rescue mission.
上周，我们看了电影《红海行动》，这是一部根据中国海军的一次救援任务改编的动作片。

(2)vt. 援救，营救
rescue...from... 把……从……解救出来
▶The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。

[语境串记]
As soon as the accident happened, the rescue team came to the victims’ rescue, and they didn’t give up any hope of rescuing them from danger. 事故一发生，营救受害者了，并且他们没有放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。

【练习】语法填空
①It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber(rescue).
②The team made countless(数不清的) during the earthquake. (rescue)
③(全国▶卷语法填空改编) I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(允许) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued starvation(饥饿) in the wild.
★2.trap
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)vt. (trapped, trapped)使陷入困境；使陷入圈套，使中计
be trapped in…困在……中，陷入……trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事
▶The liar trapped me into believing his story. 这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。

(2) n. [C] (捕捉动物的) 陷阱；圈套
lay/set a trap for… 为……设下圈套fall/walk into a trap落入圈套
▶We set traps in the field for the mice. 我们在田里设下了老鼠夹子。

【练习】语法填空
①Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be trapped giving away very important personal information.
▶(2020·天津北辰区模考) A search group was organized to look for the university students(trap)in the mountains.
▲★3.damage
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)n. [U]损失，破坏，损坏；[U]损害，伤害；[pl.]（法院判定的）损害赔偿金
do/cause damage to… 对……造成损害/破坏
▶The problem is clear that man has done great damage to our home over the years.
问题显而易见，多年来人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。

(2)vt.损害，毁坏，破坏
▶The earthquake damaged some buildings. 地震毁坏了一些建筑物
【练习】
▶(2020·全国▶卷完形填空改编) I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual(精神的) damage
our children.
▶ David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the(damage) were not paid.
▲★4. measure
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)vt.估量，衡量；测量，度量
measure...by... 用……衡量……
▶Education shouldn’t be measured purely by examination results. 教育不应该单纯以考试成绩来衡量。

(2)linking verb (指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为。

此时measure后通常跟测量的数据，不用于进行时和被动语态。

measure表示此意义作后置定语和状语时，要用现在分词形式。

▶The blackboard measures three metres long by one metre wide. 这块黑板长3米，宽1米。

▶Do you know the history of that bridge measuring as long as 200 metres? 你知道那座长达200米的桥的历史吗？(3)n. [C]措施，方法；判断，衡量
take measures to do sth. (=take steps to do sth.)采取措施做某事
▶We should take appropriate measures to improve our environment. 我们应当采取适当的措施来改善我们的环境。

▶Record sales are not always a measure of a singer’s popularity. 唱片销售量并不总是衡量一名歌手受欢迎程度的标准。

[语境串记]
To my sadness, I have to wear the coats made to measure because I’m getting fat. Although I know a man’s beauty shouldn’t be measured by his figure, it’s time for me to take measures to lose weight now. 让我伤心的是，我不得不穿定做的外套，因为我变胖了。

虽然我知道一个人的美不能用他的身材来衡量，但现在是我采取措施减肥的时候了。

【练习】1.完成句子
▶已经采取了一些措施，但它们到现在还未起作用。

, but they haven’t worked up to now.
▶政府应采取有效措施解决食品安全问题。

The government should to solve the issues of food safety.
▲★5. attempt
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)n. [C,U]企图，尝试，试图
in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
make an attempt at (doing) sth.试图做某事at the first attempt第一次尝试
▶They closed the road in an attempt to reduce traffic in the city. 他们封闭了道路，试图减少城里的交通流量。

▶I made an attempt to persuade/at persuading her to change her mind, but I failed completely.
我试图说服她改变主意，但全然不起作用
▶I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我一次就通过了驾驶执照考试。

(2)vt. 尝试，试图，努力
attempt to do sth. 试图/努力做某事attempt sth. 尝试某事
【练习】1.语法填空
▶(2020·江苏南通模考) Every member of the community should acquire good habits and modify(调整;修改) their behaviour in an attempt(create) a harmonious atmosphere.
▶I made an attempt persuading him to break away from his bad friends, but in vain(徒劳).
③Tom has practiced for a year, so I think he will pass the TOFEL test the first attempt tomorrow.
④The plan was so impractical that no attempt(make) to realize it.
2.完成句子
他试图通过考试，但是最后还是失败了。

▶but failed in the end. (attempt v.)
▶but failed in the end. (attempt n.)
▲★6. conduct
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)/kənˈdʌkt/ vt. 实施，执行，安排；带领；举止，表现vi. & vt. 指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏）
conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview 进行调查/实验/面试
conduct oneself well/badly (行为) 表现好/差
(2)/ˈkɒndʌkt/ n. [U]行为，举止；管理方法
good conduct 良好的行为
(3)词性拓展：conductor n. [C] (乐队等的) 指挥；(公共汽车的) 售票员；列车长；导体
【注意】conduct词性不同时，发音不同。

作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。

【练习】完成句子
▶此外，我想对潜在买家进行调查。

Moreover, on the potential buyers.▶我在这类晚宴上该怎样做到举止得体呢at these dinners?▲★7. breathe
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)breathe /bri:ð/ vi. & vt.呼吸
breathe in吸气breathe out呼气breathe deeply 深呼吸breathe a sign of relief 松一口气
(2)breath /breθ/ n. [U]呼吸的空气；[C]一起吸入的空气
take a deep breath深深吸一口气out of breath喘不过气hold one’s breath屏住呼吸short of breath 气短
(3)词性拓展：breathless /＇breθləs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的；激动的
【练习】1.用breathe的适当形式填空
▶（2020·广东广州期末）Tired and out of breath , we reached the top of the mountain and stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.
▶I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe .
③Breathing small amounts of toxic gases(有毒气体) can make you tired, sleepy and short of breath .
2.完成句子
▶医生叫他先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。

The doctor told him to breathe(in) deeply and then breathe out slowly.▶他一路跑回家，上气不接下气。

He ran all the way and arrived home out of breath .
▶这个小男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。

The little boy took a deep breath或breathed(in) deeply and held his breath before he jumped into the swimming pool.
8.run out of
【用法归纳拓展】
(1)run out of=use up 用完（及物动词）
run across偶然遇见（或看到）run after追逐；追求run away from... 逃离……；躲避，回避，避开……[语境串记] Tom was running after Jerry when Jerry ran into a pole. Finally, both of them ran out of their strength.
汤姆正在追赶杰里，这时杰里撞上了一根柱子。

最后，他俩的力气都耗尽了。

【练习】用run的相关短语完成下面情景
The adventurer ran out of his supplies(供应品) gradually. The worst thing was that his water was running out . He decided to find somebody for help. Just then, he ran across/into a hunter.
1. But it’s our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.（听力材料）
但尽我们最大的努力减少苦难和牺牲是我们的义务。

（教材P34）
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
But it ’s our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
形式主语系动词表语真正的主语
【考点提炼】It is +名词（短语）+to do sth.
该句式中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。

可用于该句式的名词(短语)有：a pity, a pleasure, a shame, an honour, fun, a joy, one’s duty, one’s job, good manners(礼貌), bad manners, a good idea 等。

▶It is a pity to be indoors in lovely weather like this. 像这样的好天气待在室内太可惜了。

▶It was his duty to take care of these children. 照顾这些孩子是他的职责。

【练习】单句写作
1.你错过了这么精彩的演出，真遗憾。

2.每周有规律地锻炼身体是个好主意。

2. This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.（听力材料）
这是因为大声呼喊会使你吸入达到危险程度的灰尘量（教材P35）
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
主语系动词表语从句
【考点提炼】“This/That/It is because...”句型
该句型是常用句型，意为“这/那是因为……”。

This/That/It用于承接上文，表示结果。

because引导表语从句，表示原因。

▶From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。

这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。

▶He has to stay at home. That is because he has a bad cold. 他不得不待在家里，那是因为他得了重感冒。

【练习】
1.语法填空
▶An accident happened on the main road. That is traffic seemed to slow down suddenly.
▶He has heart disease.That is he has been smoking too much .
③The main reason I like her so much is she is one of the kindest teachers I have ever had.
④The reason he gave for his not coming to the party was his car broke down halfway.
巩固练习
1．death n．[U]死亡→______ v．死亡→______ adj．死的→______ adj．临死的；垂死的
2．loss n．[C,U]丧失；死亡[C]亏损；失败，失利→______ vt．遗失;；丢失
3．operation n．[C]行动，活动；手术；操作→___________ vt．运转；工作；操作；控制
4．conduct vt．实施；进行；执行vi．& vt．指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏）n. [C]措施，方法；判断，衡量→___________ n. [C] (乐队等的) 指挥；(公共汽车的) 售票员；列车长；导体
5．protection n．保护；防护→___________ vt．保护
6．breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→_____________ n．呼吸
A 基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：15mins
一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1. The soldiers were sent to the earthquake-hit area immediately to r escue people who were t rapped in the ruins.
2. (2020·江苏省启东中学期中) The air we b reathe in is actually a mixture of different gases, such as oxygen, hydrogen(氢), and so on.
3. It is everybody’s d uty to observe the traffic rules.
4. We human beings have caused great d amage to our environment.
5. Losing weight is a slow, gradual process (过程) and we should stick to it.
6. They were talking about the vocation(职业) plan when a knock at the door interrupted (打断) them.
7. (2020·四川眉山开学考) The musician conducted (指挥) his last opera shortly before his death (死亡).
8. Remember, large amounts of weight loss (损失) are most likely not safe or healthy.
9. The parents were shocked that their son needed an operation (手术)on his knee.
10. Whoever has gone through sandstorms knows the importance of environmental protection (保护).
二、语法填空。

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring (measure) over 100 metres.
2. —You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I have been practising a lot these days.
3. Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
4. It is also a virtue(美德) to forgive (forgive) and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
5. (2019·全国I卷完形填空改编) Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb (climb) Kilimanjaro(乞力马扎罗
山), the highest mountain in Africa.
6. Faced with so many new things to learn, I was overcome by fear and was at a loss (lose) what to do .
7. With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
8. The school must take measures to encourage (encourage) more students to take part in sports.
9. He was often late with his work, and that is why he was fired.
10. It is a great honor as well as a pleasure for me to be praised (praise) by the teacher publicly before my classmates.
B 综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：10mins
Heimaey is a small island off the southern coast of Iceland. But with its neighbouring islands, there 1 the world’s largest puffin colony(海鹦群). Each spring, puffins go to the islands to breed(繁殖). Around August, baby puffins 2
their way to the ocean. That’s when the 3 begins.
Baby puffins leave at night by instinct(本能) and follow the light of the 4 to the sea. But they are 5 by bright
lights. Every year, a large number of baby puffins 6 lost. Worse still, the lost birds are 7 hit by cars or eaten by cats.
Each breeding season, the 8 of Heimaey start their own midnight adventure, which is called the Puffling Patrol. They 9 to form search parties.“When you see a bird, you try to corner it and guide it into the box,”Eldur Hansen, a 14-year-old boy says.
The next morning, they take the birds to the beach for release. Over the years, kids have even developed a 10 method. “You do not throw them like a baseball，” Eldur says.“You hold them in both hands. Then spread your arms out in front of you and let go.” Before being set free, the birds are 11 and tagged(打标签) for tracking purposes.
“Thanks to kids’ help, we scientists have learned that baby puffins now weigh less. That means they have a 12 a chance of survival, ”says Erpur Hansen, Eldur’s dad, a researcher in the Southeast Iceland Nature Research Center.
Scientists worry puffins will 13 completely. But the kids give 14 to Erpur Hansen.“The story is that people can make a(n) 15 ,”he says.“Each time these kids help a bird get back to the ocean, they show us that.
1.A.has B.lives C.stands D.contains
2.A.search B.continue C.make D.follow
3.A.life B. journey C.trouble D.luck
4.A.sun B.moon C.candle D.bulb
5.A.puzzled B.excited C.concerned D.surprised
6.A.keep B.stay C.turn out D.end up
7.A.slightly B.nearly C.mainly D.hardly
8.A.scientists B.children C.birds D.adults
9.A.collect B.get C.turn D.gather
10.A.gentle B.new mon D.rough
11.A.raised B.weighed C.eaten D.tapped
12.A.lower B.higher C.worse D.better
13.A.die away B.die out C.die down D.die off
14.A.source B.love C.energy D.patience
15.A.poster B.profit C.attack D.difference
词义匹配(顺德区华侨中学3月份月考）
56. Tens of thousands of more suffered terrible injuries in the world's worst industrial disaster.
57. After the earthquake, a lot of people were trapped under the ruins of the building.
58. When the market economy is introduced, many factories will not survive.
59. Children are always curious about something unknown.
60. Since a child, he had the ambition of changing the world.
A. the possibility that sth. ill happen.
B. a very bad and unexpected event that causes great loss or damage.
C. to continue to live or exist; to live longer than….
D. to keep sb. in a dangerous place or bad situation.
E. a strong wish or a great goal that one wants to achieve.
F. having a strong desire to know about sth.
J. G. the possibility that sth. ill happen.。