商务战略培训教材(PPT 31页)
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• LIBERALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT TRADE & INVESTMENT POLICIES – removing barriers to free trade
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation • DEVELOPEMNT OF THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
–FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities to produce and/or market a product in a foreign country.
– GATT General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade
treaty signed for the free flow of goods and services between nations
– WTO World Trade Organisation
policing international trade.
Western Europe
% of companies
Brendan Boyle 2007
Globalization of the supply chain – global production
Manufacturing: top 5 destinations over the next three years
e.g. Boeing 777. 132,500 component parts, 545 suppliers world wide.
– Locating Manufacturing / Service Facilities to Supply Markets most efficiently
Brendan Boyle 2007
Brendan Boyle 2007
Discussion Questions….
• Why are domestic companies willing to take the risks involved in competing on a global scale?
What are the risks of going international!
International Business Strategy
Lecture 1 : Globalization and International Business Strategy
Brendan Boyle 2007
Principle Learning Objectives
Develop an understanding of international business and the globalization of markets and production.
» What do you think the government’s attitude to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is under this model?
•Centrally Planned Economy
– prices & quantities are planned by the government
– are government in a position to make the best decisions for society and business?
» What do you think the government’s attitude to FDI is under this model?
US/Canada
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
0%
20%
40%
Entry and expansion plans outside home region
Brendan Boyle 2007
FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
• Drivers of Globalisation
• Why do you think there are more companies competing internationally now than ever before?
Why are there far greater opportunities to engage in international business today?
Economies
Mixed Economies
Brendan Boyle ion - The spread of market based systems
•Market Economy
– productive activities are privately owned
sales. – Transportation technology: e.g. commercial aircraft – Global production: transport cost declined – Global Markets: WWW and Global Media e.g. MTV
• INCREASED INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION – companies under attack in their home markets seek gains elsewhere.
• LIBERALIZATION/PRIVATIZATION OF STATE MONOPOLIES AND SPREAD OF FREE MARKET ECONOMICS
(source: Deloitte Research, 2003)
North America
Western Europe
China Mexico Eastern Europe Other SE Asia Western Europe
China
Eastern Europe Central Europe Other SE Asia
• TECHNOLOGY – Telecommunications, high power, low cost computing
HP designers meet weekly through video conferencing.
– Internet and World Wide Web (1990: 1m users 2000: 147m) – e-commerce e.g. Dell Computers $4m a day in Web based
Global Production
e.g. USA eyewear company - Swan Optical
Manufacturing
Design
1-5
Brendan Boyle 2007
The globalization of the supply chain – Global Production
Market motives? Economic motives? Strategic motives?
Brendan Boyle 2007
GLOBALIZATION
AN INCREASINGLY INTEGRATED & INTERDEPENDENT WORLD ECONOMY
GLOBALIZATION of Market: – Consumer tastes e.g. Coca Cola, Levi’s, McDonalds, Nintendo. – Multinationals create and benefit from this convergence
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation - Economic Environment of IB The spread of market based systems
Centrally Planned Economies
Shift
Market – Based
This model is consistent with a collective ideology and the belief that the government should allocate resources for the good of society. Often leads to inefficiency
Develop an understanding of the critical challenges facing multinational enterprises competing in global and regional markets.
Develop an understanding of the implications of all of the above for international business strategy and practice.
Companies without production in home country
(source: Deloitte Research, 2003, Mastering complexity in global Manufacturing)
30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
5% 0%
North America
2-7
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation - Development of the World Trading System
•Governments have worked towards a free trade ideals for over 50 years* •Liberalized their markets removing restrictions on foreign MNCs. Some of the more recent changes have been made in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulation.
Develop an understanding of the principle drivers of globalization and the implications of each for international business practice.
Develop an understanding of the positive and negative effects of globalization.
I.e. applying similar marketing, branding in several nations.
GLOBALIZATION of Production: – Outsourcing of Requirements to the most Efficient Locations
the role of the government is to encourage fair competition which promotes efficiency and entrepreneurship. Should lead to economic growth.
– no state control over prices or quantity. {Supply & Demand}
Brendan Boyle 2007
What is International Business? •The business activities that involve the transfer of resources, goods, services knowledge, skills or information across national boundaries. •May involve –Individuals –Companies –Government bodies –International institutions
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation • DEVELOPEMNT OF THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM
–FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities to produce and/or market a product in a foreign country.
– GATT General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade
treaty signed for the free flow of goods and services between nations
– WTO World Trade Organisation
policing international trade.
Western Europe
% of companies
Brendan Boyle 2007
Globalization of the supply chain – global production
Manufacturing: top 5 destinations over the next three years
e.g. Boeing 777. 132,500 component parts, 545 suppliers world wide.
– Locating Manufacturing / Service Facilities to Supply Markets most efficiently
Brendan Boyle 2007
Brendan Boyle 2007
Discussion Questions….
• Why are domestic companies willing to take the risks involved in competing on a global scale?
What are the risks of going international!
International Business Strategy
Lecture 1 : Globalization and International Business Strategy
Brendan Boyle 2007
Principle Learning Objectives
Develop an understanding of international business and the globalization of markets and production.
» What do you think the government’s attitude to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is under this model?
•Centrally Planned Economy
– prices & quantities are planned by the government
– are government in a position to make the best decisions for society and business?
» What do you think the government’s attitude to FDI is under this model?
US/Canada
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
0%
20%
40%
Entry and expansion plans outside home region
Brendan Boyle 2007
FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
• Drivers of Globalisation
• Why do you think there are more companies competing internationally now than ever before?
Why are there far greater opportunities to engage in international business today?
Economies
Mixed Economies
Brendan Boyle ion - The spread of market based systems
•Market Economy
– productive activities are privately owned
sales. – Transportation technology: e.g. commercial aircraft – Global production: transport cost declined – Global Markets: WWW and Global Media e.g. MTV
• INCREASED INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION – companies under attack in their home markets seek gains elsewhere.
• LIBERALIZATION/PRIVATIZATION OF STATE MONOPOLIES AND SPREAD OF FREE MARKET ECONOMICS
(source: Deloitte Research, 2003)
North America
Western Europe
China Mexico Eastern Europe Other SE Asia Western Europe
China
Eastern Europe Central Europe Other SE Asia
• TECHNOLOGY – Telecommunications, high power, low cost computing
HP designers meet weekly through video conferencing.
– Internet and World Wide Web (1990: 1m users 2000: 147m) – e-commerce e.g. Dell Computers $4m a day in Web based
Global Production
e.g. USA eyewear company - Swan Optical
Manufacturing
Design
1-5
Brendan Boyle 2007
The globalization of the supply chain – Global Production
Market motives? Economic motives? Strategic motives?
Brendan Boyle 2007
GLOBALIZATION
AN INCREASINGLY INTEGRATED & INTERDEPENDENT WORLD ECONOMY
GLOBALIZATION of Market: – Consumer tastes e.g. Coca Cola, Levi’s, McDonalds, Nintendo. – Multinationals create and benefit from this convergence
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation - Economic Environment of IB The spread of market based systems
Centrally Planned Economies
Shift
Market – Based
This model is consistent with a collective ideology and the belief that the government should allocate resources for the good of society. Often leads to inefficiency
Develop an understanding of the critical challenges facing multinational enterprises competing in global and regional markets.
Develop an understanding of the implications of all of the above for international business strategy and practice.
Companies without production in home country
(source: Deloitte Research, 2003, Mastering complexity in global Manufacturing)
30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
5% 0%
North America
2-7
Brendan Boyle 2007
Drivers of Globalisation - Development of the World Trading System
•Governments have worked towards a free trade ideals for over 50 years* •Liberalized their markets removing restrictions on foreign MNCs. Some of the more recent changes have been made in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulation.
Develop an understanding of the principle drivers of globalization and the implications of each for international business practice.
Develop an understanding of the positive and negative effects of globalization.
I.e. applying similar marketing, branding in several nations.
GLOBALIZATION of Production: – Outsourcing of Requirements to the most Efficient Locations
the role of the government is to encourage fair competition which promotes efficiency and entrepreneurship. Should lead to economic growth.
– no state control over prices or quantity. {Supply & Demand}
Brendan Boyle 2007
What is International Business? •The business activities that involve the transfer of resources, goods, services knowledge, skills or information across national boundaries. •May involve –Individuals –Companies –Government bodies –International institutions