标准监理合同解释顺序合同解释顺序

标准监理合同解释顺序合同解释顺序
英文回答：
1. Text of the Agreement (Contract Document)。

The text of the agreement is the primary source of interpretation. It includes the written agreement, any amendments, and any other documents incorporated by reference.
2. Standard Conditions of Contract.
If the agreement incorporates standard conditions of contract, such as those published by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), these conditions will also be considered in interpretation. They provide a framework of general principles and clauses that apply to the specific project.
3. Applicable Law.
The law governing the contract will determine the principles of interpretation. This is typically the law of the country where the contract is performed or the law specified in the agreement itself.
4. Course of Performance.
The parties' conduct during the performance of the contract can provide evidence of their intentions. This includes actions, communications, and any established practices.
5. Industry Custom and Usage.
Trade customs and industry practices can be used to interpret contractual terms. They provide context and fill in gaps in the agreement.
6. Context and Purpose.
The overall context and purpose of the contract should
be considered in interpretation. This includes the parties' objectives, the commercial setting, and the surrounding circumstances.
7. Avoidance of Meaningless Terms.
Courts will strive to avoid interpreting contractual terms that render other provisions meaningless or redundant.
8. Implied Terms.
Terms that are not expressly stated in the contract but are necessary to give effect to the parties' intentions can be implied.
9. Contra Proferentem Rule.
In the case of ambiguity, courts will generally
interpret contractual terms against the party who drafted them.
10. Parol Evidence Rule.
Parol evidence, such as prior negotiations or oral agreements, is generally not admissible to contradict or vary the terms of a written contract.
中文回答：
合同解释顺序。

1. 合同文本（合同文件）。

合同文本是解释的主要依据。

它包括书面协议、任何修改以及引用纳入的任何其他文件。

2. 合同标准条款。

如果协议纳入了合同标准条款，例如国际咨询工程师联合会（FIDIC）发布的条款，这些条款也将被纳入解释。

它们提供了适用于特定项目的通用原则和条款框架。

3. 适用法律。

管辖合同的法律将确定解释原则。

这通常是合同履行地国的法
律或协议中指定法律。

4. 履约过程。

当事人在合同履行过程中的行为可以提供其意图的证据。

这包
括行为、沟通以及任何既定惯例。

5. 行业惯例和用法。

贸易惯例和行业惯例可用于解释合同条款。

它们提供背景并填
补协议中的空白。

6. 背景和目的。

解释时应考虑合同的整体背景和目的。

这包括当事人的目标、
商业环境和周围的环境。

7. 避免无意义术语。

法院将努力避免解释使其他条款变得无意义或冗余的合同条款。

8. 暗含条款。

不直接陈述在合同中，但对于实现当事人意图是必要的条款可以被暗示。

9. 对立方不利的规则。

在存在歧义的情况下，法院通常会对起草合同的一方不利地解释合同条款。

10. 口头证据规则。

口头证据，例如先前的谈判或口头协议，通常不能被采纳来反驳或改变书面合同的条款。