高考英语一轮选练编题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars(含解析)新人教版必修3

——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————
必修3Unit 4
李仕才
考点规范练(必修3 Unit 4)
【短文语法填空】
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1__ I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5__ literature became my vocation.
Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued __7__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts __8__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
参考答案：
1.when
2.that
3.That
4.that
5.that
6.Whether
7．that 8.how 9.What 10.Why
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·兰州诊断)
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than the Antarctic,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh’s task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a pla net that the observatory’s founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression’s dark encroach ment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A.Because it disappeared in the sky.
B.Because it lost its major planet status.
C.Because it was discovered by an American.
D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.
2.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Pluto’s Romance
B.Pluto Was First Discovered by a Boy
C.An American Scientist:Clyde Tombaugh
D.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania
3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.
B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
C.Clyde Tombaugh’s telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
D.Clyde Tombaugh’s job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.
4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph is most likely to mean .
A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system
B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system
C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky
D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet
〚导学号92550050〛
B
City Year UK is founded on the belief that young people can change the world. As“near peer(同等的人)” role models and tutors, our volunteers suppo rt pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds to enjoy themselves and succeed at school. But that's not all. Over the course of their City Year, they also have the opportunity to develop as leaders, with the passion, values, experience and skills to go on to lead change in their communities long after their year of service.
Our Goal
Our mission is to inspire the role models to help children in need succeed in school:
* We give our volunteers the training and personal development they need to become powerful and effective leaders.
* We show the power of individual action to drive collective impact.
Our Values
PROGRESSION: we are devoted to the personal and professional development of all.
ACTION: we don't just talk, we do. We are always ready.
EXCELLENCE: we struggle for nothing less, no matter where we start.
Our Future Plans
We believe that cumulative (累积的)effect of the work of many devoted people and organizations can have a great impact. We are committed to increasing
opp ortunities for young people to “act” and to create more hope.
Our ambition is that, by 2020, 10 years after launching in the UK, we will have at least 500 young people a year serving around 40, 000 children across five cities.
Our History
Click here for further information about our history, development and achievement.
1.Who will probably benefit from City Year UK?
A.Young people hoping to build up their body.
B.School kids lacking good living conditions or education.
C.Teachers who need professional and personal training.
D.Leaders trying to make great changes in their communities.
2.What will you do if you work for City Year UK?
A.Help young people to stand out with hope.
B.Manage to raise education funds for five cities.
C.Take in more volunteers to enlarge the community.
D.Do some housework for old and disabled people.
3.The underlined word “they ”in Para. 1 refers to “________”.
A.the leaders
B.the pupils
C.the volunteers
D.the researchers
4.What type of writing is this passage?
A.A news report.
B.An exhibition guide.
C.An official document.
D.An organization instruction.
参考答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.[事实判断题。

根据第一段: As “near peer” role models and tutors, our volunteers support pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds to enjoy themselves and succeed at school 和Our Goal部分:Our mission is to inspire the role models to help children in need succeed in school可得答案。

]
2.[细节理解题。

根据Our Future Plans部分:increasing opportunities for young people to “act” and to create more hope可得答案。

]
3.[词义猜测题。

根据第一段:our volunteers support pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds to enjoy and succeed at school. 和….long after their year of service 可推出该词指代的对象。

]
4.[推理判断题。

根据文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了一个公益组织的概况,故应该是一个机构介绍。

]
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
Violent Games:Fun or Harmful?
If you play lots of video games,you’ve pr obably blown a zombie(僵尸) into tiny bits. 1 Many adults worry that playing such games could make children act violently in real life.Is that true?
The American Academy of Pediatrics(儿科) says that violence in any kind of media—from TV to music to video games—presents a risk to kids’ health.A number of studies have shown a link between video games and aggression,including one published in JAMA Pediatrics in 2014,which found that kids who played violent video games showed an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviours. 2 But not all studies agree that violent games cause kids to act out.Another study replaced violent deaths with evaporation(蒸发) in a game. 3 People who played the non-violent game without any training were more aggressive afterward than people who played the violent version but learned to control themselves first.
And here’s an even stranger fact:When violent video games are released,people carry out fewer violent crimes!Why?4Steve Levitt,coauthor of the book Freakonomics,said,“If you ca n make video games fun enough,then kids will stop doing everything else.They’ll stop watching TV,and they’ll stop going out and creating violent disorder on the street.”
What do you think? 5
A.One possible explanation:potential criminals are at home playing the new game.
B.Then,before playing the game,some people received training and others didn’t.
C.More than 3,000 kids answered survey questions during a two-year period.
D.For example,thinking it’s OK to hit someone you don’t like.
E.Have you ever played any violent video games?
F.Do violent video games cause bad behaviour?
G.Some games even pile up dead bodies.
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2016·南昌二模)
Everyone of us are thinking about the future.I have decided to become a middle school teacher.Does it sound surprised?
I h ave had this dream when I was a child.I love children.I don’t think to deal with them all years round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness.Like we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country,and not many of us want to become teachers.One of the main reasons of this is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,I’m determining to devote all my life into the cause of education.
考点规范练(必修3 Unit 4)
【短文语法填空】
Ⅰ.
A【解题导语】本文为说明文。

文章介绍了冥王星的传奇故事及其被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。

1.B 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a ‘major planet’ to a ‘dwarf planet’ in 2006...”可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个重要的行星变成了一颗矮行星。

2.A 主旨大意题。

根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合作文章的标题。

3.C 推理判断题。

根据第四段的第二句“Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.”可知,克莱德·汤博所使用的望远镜比较简单。

4.D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段的第二句“It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.”和第三段中的“...because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.”可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。

B
Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文是议论文。

文章讨论了暴力电子游戏带来的是趣味还是伤害。

1.G 根据下句中的“...playing such games could make children act violently.”可知,“一些堆满了尸体的游戏”可能会让孩子们行为暴力。

2.D D项“认为可以打你不喜欢的人”符合本空前的aggressive thoughts and behaviours。

3.B 根据下句中的“People...without any training...people...learned to control
themselves first.”可推测,“在玩游戏前,有些人接受了训练,而有些人没有”。

4.A A项“潜在的罪犯在家玩新游戏”是对本空前问题的“一个可能的解释”。

5.F 根据本文标题及全文内容可知,本文主要讨论了暴力电子游戏带来的是趣味还是伤害,故本文最后可能问的是读者对暴力电子游戏的看法:你认为“暴力电子游戏会引起不好的行为吗?”
Ⅲ. Everyone of us thinking about the future.I have decided to become a
middle school teacher.Does it sound ?
I
have
had this dream when I was a child.I love children.I don’t think to deal with
them all round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness. we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country, not
many of us want to become teachers.One of the main reasons this
is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,I’m to devote all my life the cause of education.。