高一新教材英语第三单元知识点详解

第一部分：词汇
1.英汉对译单词（红色是课本黑体单词）
legend
glory championship determination injure injured
graceful
push-up
soccer
stadium
boxing
badminton
marathon
ski
gyme
gymnastics
track
track and field
captain
slim
jog
medal
now and then
champion
cut out
2.课本词汇(在课本中出现，有必要掌握的词汇)
poster international appropriate organisation feature
enjoyable
relax
entry
punctuation
valuable
sculpt
erosion
opportunity
adventurous
spectacular
offer
3.变形词汇：
fitness→ fit→unfit apart→part, shore, top, board,
strength→strong→strength→strengthen athlete→athletic
stress→stressful injury→injure→injured
compete→competition→competitive→competitor→competence→competent
failure→fail←→succeed→success→successor→successful→successfully
4.列举掌握
come along
1). Come along or we'll miss the train.快点，否则我们会误火车。

2). Come along with me. I'm going that way, too.跟我一起走吧，我们同路。

sweat
Earn your bread with your sweat. 通过劳动赚钱。

2). 动词，出汗，努力
I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
我醒来时，大汗淋漓，焦虑不安，但是我准备好要证明给自己。

set an example
1).She arrived at the office early to set an example to the others.
她早早的来到办公室为的是给他人做表帅。

Honour
A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests. 宴会是为了向来宾致敬而举行的。

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit panda base, where ticket money helps pay for research.
因此被邀请到这个非营利性的熊猫基地内部是一种巨大的荣幸，在这里所有的门票收入都用于研究。

2). 动词be honoured as
He was honoured as the best actress of the year.
她当年获得了最佳女演员的称号。

Million
1). But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature.
但是人类享受这种优越性已经有200万年了，在此期间人类仍就是羸弱的、边缘性的生物。

2). By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.
到她13岁的时候，通过投资超甜而不伤害儿童牙齿的甜品，她的公司已价值百万美元。

Companies spend millions hiring top business people.
measuring attention.
2). 动词，掌握
2). It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.
某种程度上狄更斯的写作方式也确实吸引着来自社会各个阶层的读者。

3). The Jazz audienc e continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
爵士乐的爱好者继续减少变老，而爵士乐也没能接续新一代的年轻人。

4). The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.
这场音乐会通过现场直播，在当时创下一夜之间吸引最多电视观众的记录。

同样的短语：lose control, lose balance, lose hope, lose face, lose touch,lose faith一般情况下不加one’s。

3). At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
不过，目前，这些技术还是比较昂贵的。

5.重点掌握词汇
retrieval.
在某种程度上说，遗忘是我们大脑对记忆进行分类的一种方式，因此最相关的记忆都备好供检索。

2). They suggest this indicates that dogs aren’t sensing emotions from a single feature, but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do.
他们说这表明狗不是从单单从某一特征感知情感，而是能像人类一样把各种面目表情拼接在一起的。

3). Some laws make sense. 有一些法律还是有用的。

4). Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.
因为这些额外的时间，我就没有马上要做作业的急迫感。

5). His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.
当你想到他是一个环保科学家，是研究如何减少乱扔乱放，包括在运输中从垃圾桶中掉落的东西，那他奇怪的习惯就说得过去了。

6). In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.
从那种意义来讲，尽管我不是乐意坦言承认，但我敢肯定地说志愿行为更是一种利己的行为。

7). Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.
突然，我感到有人正站在我身后。

knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
当Grylls听说Nicholas惊人的事迹后，他非常惊叹Nicholas居然所做的一切，因为他比任何人都更清楚Nicholas 得多艰难的拼搏才能活下来。

2). It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily,we made it.
把这个任务完成简直就是在跟时间赛跑。

所幸，我们做到了。

1). While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.
好多夫妇都劳燕分飞，而我们却一直在一起。

2). She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
她急不可待的把报纸撕碎。

3). History gives art works special appeal to set them apart.
历史赋予艺术品特殊的魅力使它们与众不同。

4). A chimpanzee can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
一只猩猩不能赢得与现代人的争吵，但是他却能像撕布娃娃一样撕碎一个人。

5). I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart– kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla.
他两年前出了严重的意外而不得不放弃务农。

2). When faced with adversity she was never tempted to give up.
面对逆境，她从不放弃。

3). I gave up hope of finding my ring again.
我对能再次找到戒指感到绝望。

4). Many people start learning a language and soon give up.
很多人都是开始学习某一种语言然后又很快又放弃。

5). Her father Peter44, wanted her to give up school to model fulltime.
她父亲Peter44岁，想让她辍学而完全从事模特行业。

6). Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream!
恶魔或者是黑夜有可能来临。

但是永远不要放弃你的梦想。

7). On December 1,1955, in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.
boys turned out.
研究者也发现智力、家庭阶层和经济背景对男孩子最终如何没有真正的影响。

4). You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you're older.
你有可能有机会在你更年长的时候有最大的突破性成就。

5). The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
强与若的区别与食物链有关。

6). Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.
在出生之前，婴儿就能辨别出响亮的声音与人声。

1). They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards.
他们也正在把更多的时间花在合作工作上而不是向上级汇报。

2). It's rather remarkable for the fact that although it's extremely big, it's supported by just six rather slim legs.
一个了不起的事实是尽管它个头很大，可是它却只靠非常细的六条腿来支持。

3). But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape,or rather slim.
但是幸运的是，父母们都被误导了，因为他们身材正常，或更确切地说是苗条。

Vaillant队通过对比不同场次的比分有所发现。

3). The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.
人类独有的第一特点就是与其他动物相比人类拥有超级大的大脑。

4). Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
与去年总计的189起相比，今年在美国已经有115例囊虫病例报告。

第二部分：短语
1.Invite a friend to a sports event.
Invite somebody to some place或invite somebody to do something是两个比较常用的短语，所以对于invite来讲，必须要掌握，但是invite接地点或场合的时候，也可以因情况而定。

例如
1). But before I go, I'd like to invite you out for dinner.
2). Hello everyone! I'm very happy to be invited to this program today.
3). In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.
再者我们要关注的就是，invite作为动词来讲，它的翻译是很灵活的。

比如：
1). On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2). People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
3). Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
2.Sweat your way to good health.
本句的要点在于灵活翻译“熟词生义”。

本句可以译成“通过锻炼达到健康”。

Voice your opinion on sportsmanship.
本句的voice也是名词动用，可以译为“说出你对运动精神的看法”。

I almost went bananas, too.
本句中出现了一个成语----go bananas表示发疯。

我几乎也要发疯了。

翻译有文化背景知识最好，但是如果没有相关的文化背景支持，我们只能通过上下文，对其进行“猜测”。

1). The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But wit h reading, it’s all about the present.It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
(2020年全国1卷阅读B) 参考译文：
反复阅读的美在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们自己当前思维的流露。

诚然，我变得越老，就越感觉到时间的流逝。

可对于阅读来说，一切都是进行中的。

阅读是一个行进的过程也是每个人对现实的一种思考过程，因为阅读是作者与读者之间的给与与汲取的过程。

作者和读者个人有个人的角色。

Pull one’s own weight是个成语。

表示通力合作，在拔河中每个人都要用上自己的一份力量。

2). Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing.
另外一本是Annie Dillard的Holy the firm, 她1975关于要事与琐事的散文诗随笔。

3). The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.
最好的书是那些随着时间的推移更能诱人深思的书籍。

4). Race walkers are conditioned athletes. （2020年全国1卷C阅读）竞走选手都是训练有素的运动员。

（condition做动词用可以表示“用条件限制”的意思。

）
5). However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.
然而Norberg博士说，竞走却不想跑步那样对地面有很大的冲击力。

3.This helps you to relate what you read to what you already know.
在这个结构中，我们要关注relate A to B的用法。

一般做非谓语，用related to比较多，但也有用relating to的时候。

1). According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El nino's harmful effects.
根据2011年由Hsiang和他的合著者们所发表的一篇论文，国内冲突和厄尔尼诺的负面影响有关。

2). Prinstein came to another conclusion: not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
Prinstein得出另一个结论：好人缘不与积极人生的结果有关，也是积极人生后果产生的主要原因。

3). When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.
当你的老板或导师让你做街头采访，要考虑一下中心话题并列出10条与之相关的问题。

4.When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, ti me seemed to stand still.
1). 副词，依然，依旧
Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.
Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
2). 名词，蒸馏器
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.
3). 副词，不过，可是
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
4). 副词，表示程度，修饰比较级，更如何
Better still, let's meet in the Red Lion Bar to have a nice little talk.
5). 形容词，静止不动的。

Peter mcnaught, operations director at London underground, said: "It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at holborn have proved that it can be true."
They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode.
6). 动词，平静，不出声
As the violinist prepared to play, the audience stilled.
当小提琴手准备要演奏的时候，全场的观众都安静下来。

5.The secret to his success is learning from his failures.
在英语中，有些表达和什么有关的时候，会用到介词to，常见的词汇如：way, road, door, key, answer, solution, approach, access, bridge, devotion, contribution等。

Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
People have better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
6.What can you do to become more confident and feel better about yourself?
1). Be confident to do something.
Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.
2). Be confident in/about/with/of something.
Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology.
因此，唐人街车库的研发人员对他们的技术很有信心。

If there has to be a replay we are confident of victory.如果再有比赛，我们确信能赢。

Management is confident about the way business is progressing.
管理层对业务发展很有信心。

I am confident in him.我对你有信心。

还原课文原文：
7.______ a player, Lang brought honour and glory to her country.（As）
8.Her ________(determine) was tested. (determination)
9.________ I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.（Once）
10.I stopped ______(compare) myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were worng ____ my
face or body. (comparing/ with)
第四部分：语法
11.I have no idea a letter could make such a difference.
名词性从句：出现在主语、宾语、表语位置，或在这三个部位起补充说明这三个成分名词的句子。

Being 作为动词使用出现的情况：
1)译为“作为”，做原因状语。

Being the only doctor at the scence, I thought it my duty to help the injured.
2)译为“作为，是”做主语。

Being a doctor forced him to lend a hand.
3)被动结构做主语。

Being informed of the bad news even didn’t disturb him.
Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
4)在介词之后出现。

I dreamed of there being a swimming pool in the hotel.
A 90-year-old has been awarded "woman of the year" for being Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours
a week.
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
5)放在动词后做宾语。

The bird was lucky to escape being shot.
Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.
To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late.
6)用作定语，表进行
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked abou t.
7)用在被动语态，表进行
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.
8)宾补
He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
13.You will be coming from home, won’t you?
表示按照一定的逻辑推理，预计将来会发生的事情，用将来进行时。

If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall．
If you call him at six tomorrow morning, he will be sleeping.
在问句中这种表达方式也是一种委婉的表述，will do表示即将发生或带有一个人的一种意愿，所有用“will do”问显得有点询问个人隐私的嫌疑。

---How will you be paying for the check-in? 您怎样支付？
---by check. 用支票吧。

---And how long will you be staying? 你要住多久？
---Just one night. 就一晚上。

考文再现：
1). Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by hanging the way we look at economic development.
2). These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.
3). I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.
4). If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.。