翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷15(题后含答案及解析)

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷15(题后含答案
及解析)
题型有：1.
1． A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together. A good book is often the best urn (在此译为“宝器”) of a life enshrining (珍藏)the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
正确答案：通常，我们既可以通过一个人所阅读的书籍，也可以通过他所结交的朋友，来了解他的为人，因为人们不仅彼此结伴，而且还跟书籍结伴。

无论所结交的是人还是书，人生总该时常有良师益友才行。

一部好书可以成为我们的莫逆之交，它过去、现在、将来对我们始终如一。

好书是最有耐性并最令人愉快的朋友。

即使在我们穷困潦倒或悲哀痛苦之际，也不会背弃我们。

它待人和蔼，始终不渝。

它在我们青春年少之时给我们以快乐和教诲，在我们黄昏暮年之时给我们以慰藉和同情。

人们常常由于对某本书的共同兴趣而互相亲近起来。

俗话说：“爱屋及乌”。

而“爱吾及书”却更有道理。

书籍是一种更忠实、更高尚的友谊的纽带。

人们可以通过共同喜爱的作者而趋于思想一致、感情一致、互相同情。

读者由于对作者产生共鸣而结成一体。

一部好书经常是人生的宝器，里面珍藏着一个人的思想所发掘的精华。

人生的世界，大抵说来，不外乎是思想的世界。

因此，最优秀的书籍是一种由高贵的语言和闪光的思想所构成的财富，为人类所铭记、所珍惜，是我们永恒的伴侣和慰藉。

好书具有不朽的性
质，是最为持久的人类劳动产品。

神庙、巨塑终归要腐朽剥落，可好书却与世长存。

伟大的思想不会因为时间的流逝而衰老，它们在今天看来，仍然同它们几百年前在作者的脑海中一样新鲜。

当时所谈及、所想的东西，至今仍然有声有色地跃于纸上，给我们启示。

时间的流逝，只是淘汰了糟粕之类。

文学作品之中，只有那些真正的精华才能流传千古。

2．The concept captured the Zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people, especially those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation’s plan for world domination and total mind control.Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple’ s stock price kept dropping, and by March 2003 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $ 75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $ 8. 3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006.None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options. Apple wasn’ t mentioned, but its board appointed a committee of three members—Al Gore, Eric Schmidt of Google, and Jerry York, formerly of IBM and Chrysler—to investigate its own practices. “ We decided at the outset that if Steve was at fault we would let the chips fall where they may,” Gore recalled. The committee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs’ s grants and those of other top officers, and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC. Jobs was aware of the backdating, the report said, but he ended up not benefiting financially.(A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdating had occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge.)The laws governing such backdating practices were murky, especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation , and in April 2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple “based in part on its swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission’s investigation[and its]prompt self-reporting. “ Although the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating, itcleared him of any misconduct because he “was unaware of the accounting implications.The SEC did file complaints against Apple’s former Chief financial officer Fred Anderson, who was on the board, and general counsel Nancy Heinen. Anderson, a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity, had been a wise and calming influence at Apple, where he was known for his ability to control Jobs’s tantrums. He was cited by the SEC only for “negligence”regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants(not the ones that went to Jobs), and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards. Nevertheless he ended up resigning from the Apple board.
正确答案：这个广告概念抓住了个人电脑革命的时代精神。

许多年轻人，
特别是反主流文化的嬉皮士，都将电脑视为集权政府和企业巨头用来消除个性的手段。

但是到20世纪70年代末，电脑也被视为个人获取权利的潜在工具。

这个广告则抓住了年轻人的后一种心态，把麦金塔电脑塑造成一名英勇的战士。

这样一家冷酷、反叛和英雄主义的苹果公司，是唯一能阻止邪恶企业势力统治世界和精神控制前进的工具。

这次还是一样，乔布斯又一次被大众指责，而且没能赚到一分钱。

苹果的股份不断下跌，到2003年三月，即使是新的期权也已经不值什么钱了，乔布斯索性全部行权，赚了7500万美元。

算来从1997年他回到苹果至2006年期权结束，他平均每年收入830万美元。

如果不是《华尔街日报》在2006对于股票期权倒签做了一个强有力的系列报道，也许就不会发生任何事情了。

报道中虽然没有提到苹果公司，但是其董事会还是任命了一个三人工作组进行自查。

这三个人分别是艾尔?戈尔(Al Gore)，谷歌的埃里克?施密特(Eric Schmidt)，IBM和Chrysler的前董事杰瑞?约克(Jerry York)。

“我们一开始就决定如果乔布斯有错，绝对不会包庇。

”戈尔回忆说。

工作组发现了乔布斯和其他一些高管的违规行为，立即汇报给了证券管理委员会。

报告说，乔布斯是清楚倒签事件的，但是他最终没有获益(迪斯尼的一位董事发现，乔布斯在皮克斯(Pixar)公司任职时也曾发生过类似的倒签行为)。

法律针对这样的倒签行为没有明确的规定，特别是苹果没有一个人因此而获益。

证券管理委员会调查了八个月，最终决定不追究苹果，这很大程度上是“因为苹果迅速、广泛、非常配合工作组的调查和及时的自我检举”。

尽管证券管理委员会发现乔布斯事先清楚倒签行为，但由于他“不懂会计影响”，很明显这只是个无心之过。

证券管理委员会对苹果前首席财务官，也是董事会成员的弗雷德?安德森(Fred Ander—son)还有常务法律顾问南希?海涅(Nancy Heinen)提起了诉讼。

安德森是一位退休的美国空军上尉。

他有着方形的下巴和一身正气，在苹果有精明、冷静的影响力，大家都知道他擅于化解乔布斯的怒火。

证券管理委员会对他的行为仅界定为“疏忽”，理由是抓到了一些期权文件(并非给乔布斯的那些)中的问题，而且还允许他继续担任董事。

不过最终他还是辞去了苹果董事的职务。

3．Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a Dutch Colonial in the suburbs felt prosperous and, in the face of the president’s call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away, in the shanties of the South or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that same family may well feel impoverished, overwhelmed by credit-card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even recognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down the spread on the hotel bed?
正确答案：大约四十年前，当林登·约翰逊向贫穷宣战时，那些在郊区有车有房的富裕家庭，多响应总统的呼吁，慷慨解囊。

那时，贫穷似乎只存在于遥远的南部下等的小酒馆和城区大多不景气的场所。

如今，即使那些有车有房的人也会感到自己很穷，因为他们饱受信贷、次贷和物价的困扰，而这些恰是美国社会经济的命脉。

如果连中产阶级都感到贫穷的话，那些穷人改变现状的机会就微乎其微，甚至压根就得不到注意。

试想，有谁会去注意那个在酒店里铺床的女服务员呢?
4．One of the greatest challenges that face every American president is to ensure that events of the day do not become cascading crises that crowd out the pursuit of our nation’s long-term strategic priorities and interests. This has been particularly true over the past three years, when the US has confronted a daunting array of challenges: global financial crises; the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; terrorist threats; direct challenges to global nuclear non-proliferation regimes; and the still unfolding, events across the Middle East and North Africa. Even as we have dealt with these dynamics, President Obama has pursued a rebalancing of our foreign policy priorities梐nd renewed our long-standing alliances, including with NATO梩o ensure that our focus and our resources match our nation’s most important strategic interests.
正确答案：历任美国总统所要面对的最大挑战之一，是确保日常发生的事件不会演变成妨碍我们追寻国家长期战略重点和利益的一连串危机。

这种情况在过去三年间表现得尤为明显，在此期间，美国遭遇了令人头疼的一连串挑战：全球金融危机、伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争、恐怖主义威胁、全球核不扩散体系遭遇的直接挑战以及仍在演变之中的中东及北非局势。

即便我们已着手应对这些变动，奥巴马总统已在寻求实现美国外交重点的再平衡，并加强了与包括北约在内的美国长期盟友之间的关系，以确保我们的重点和资源与国家最重要的战略利益相匹配。

5．“The days that make us happy make us wise. “ -------John MasefieldWhen I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.Active happiness—not mere satisfaction or contentment—often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles.The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you—people, thoughts, emotions, pressures—are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.
正确答案：“快乐的日子使人睿智。

”——约翰?梅斯菲尔德第一次读到英国桂冠诗人梅斯菲尔德的这行诗时，我感到十分震惊。

他想表达什么意思?我以前从未对此仔细考虑过，总是认定这行诗所表达的意思反过来才正确。

但他冷静而又胸有成竹的表达引起了我的注意，令我难以忘怀。

终于，我似乎领会了他的意思，并意识到这行诗意义深远。

快乐带来的睿智存在于敏锐的洞察力中，不会因忧虑而含混，也不会因绝望和厌倦而模糊，更不会因恐惧而造成盲点。

积极的快乐——并非单纯的满足或知足——通常不期而至，就像四月里突然下起的春雨，或是花蕾的突然绽放。

然后，你就会发觉与快乐结伴而来的究竟是何种智慧。

草底更为青翠，鸟鸣更为甜美，朋友的缺点也更能让人理解，更加可以原谅。

快乐就像是一副眼镜，可以矫正你的精神视力。

快乐的视野并不仅限于你周围的事物。

你不快乐时，你的思维陷人情感上的悲哀，你的眼界就像是被一道墙给阻隔了；你快乐时，这道墙就会砰然倒塌。

你的眼界变得更为宽广。

你脚下的大地，你身边的世界，包括人、思想、情感和压力，现在都融入了更为广阔的景象之中，每件事物的比例更加合理。

而这就是睿智的起始。

6．It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.
正确答案：毋庸讳言，既然书籍分门别类，有小说、传记、诗歌等，我们就应该区别对待，并从各类书中汲取不同的营养。

开卷之时，我们常常思想模糊，思维割裂，苛求小说真实，认定诗歌造作，视传记为美化，期望史书认同一己之见。

阅读之时，若能摒弃所有此类成见，那将是一个可喜的开端。

不要对作者指手画脚，而应尝试设身处地，做作者的助手和“同谋”。

若是你一开始便故步自封，先入为主，求全责备，你就不可能最大限度地从所读的书中获益。

7．The winding course of the stream continually shut out the scene behind us and revealed as calm and lovely a one before. We glided from depth to depth, and breathed new seclusion at every turn. The shy kingfisher flew from the withered branch close at hand to another at distance, uttering a shrill cry of anger or alarm. Ducks that had been floating there since the preceding eve were startled at our approach and skimmed along the glassy river, breaking its dark surface with a bright streak. The pickerel leaped from among the lily pads. The turtle, sunning itself upon a rock or at the root of a tree, slid suddenly into the water with a plunge. The painted Indian who paddled his canoe along the Assabeth three hundred years ago could hardly have seen a wilder gentleness displayed upon its banks and reflected in its bosom than we did. Nor could the same Indian have prepared his noontide meal with more simplicity. We drew up our skiff at some point where the overarching shade formed a natural bower, and there kindled a fire with the pine cones and decayed branches that lay strewn plentifully around.
正确答案：溪流蜿蜒曲折，一转再转，身后的景物逐渐隐去，迎面而来的是另一幅幽静秀美的景致。

我们泛舟愈行愈深，景色也随之愈转愈幽。

突然一只羞涩的翠鸟从附近枯枝上飞到远处枝桠，发出一声尖叫，不知是惊还是怒。

逗
留隔宿的野鸭因我们的到来猛然受惊，它们拂过明镜般晶莹的水面，在溪上掀起一道耀眼的水波。

小梭鱼在睡莲叶间欢腾跳跃。

一只蹲在岸边树根石上悠闲晒背的乌龟突然一头潜入水中。

亚沙白溪的景致秀美之中带着粗犷，三百年前荡桨泛舟于此、身涂纹饰的印第安人所见岸边及映人波心的景色应与我们今日所见差异无多。

他烧的午餐也不会比我们的更简单。

不久，我们寻见一处，那里枝柯交错不啻天然凉亭，于是我们在此系舟登岸，然后拾捡了些周围散落的厚厚的松果败枝，生起火来。

8．For politicians and the public at large, skyscrapers—gigantic buildings backed by huge economic power-are a symbol of social progress and economic prosperity. Contrary to this popular belief, some e-conomists argue that the emergence of skyscrapers and those reaching new heights in particular, would more often than not precede economic downturns. In 1999, Andrew Lawrence, based on his research, formulated what he called the “ skyscraper index,” showing a correlation between the construction of skyscrapers and subsequent economic downturns. In fact, the completion of each new record-setting skyscraper is often followed by an economic recession. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the world has seen four major skyscraper booms, each accompanied by an economic crisis or a round of financial turbulence.
正确答案：作为一种以巨大的经济实力为支撑的建筑物，摩天大楼常被政客和民众视为社会进步和经济繁荣的标志。

有些经济学家则持完全相反的看法，他们认为摩天大楼、特别是再次刷新高度纪录的摩天大楼的出现，往往预示着经济即将衰退。

1999年，安德鲁-劳伦斯研究验证了摩天大楼与经济危机的关联，并将这种关联称为“摩天大楼指数”。

事实上，每一幢刷新世界纪录的摩天大楼的崛起，往往都伴随着经济的衰退。

自20世纪初以来，全球共出现了4轮摩天大楼热，而每一次，都伴随着经济危机或金融动荡。

9．New York is the headquarters of the United Nations. Many countries worked together to build these buildings of marble, glass, and steel along the East River. People from all over the world live in New York and work at the United Nations. There are ambassadors and economic experts, interpreters and guides. The ambassadors meet in the General Assembly and in special councils. The interpreters must speak at least one of the six official languages of the United Nations; English, French, Spanish, Russian , Arabic, and Chinese. They listen to speeches in one language and interpret them quickly into another. They must work quickly, but they must also work carefully. The ambassadors discuss serious world problems, but the people of the United Nations do more than just talk. They also help the nations of the world through such groups as WHO, the World Health Organization, and UNICEF, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
正确答案：生活在纽约的联合国工作人员来自世界各地，他们中有大使、经济学专家、口译员和导游等。

大使在联合国大会和特殊理事会会晤。

口译员须至少精通六种联合国官方语言：英语、法语、西班牙语、俄语、阿拉伯语和中文
中的一种。

他们要将听到的演讲快速翻译为另一种语言，其工作除了速度要求，还讲求细心。

大使们讨论重要的世界问题，但联合国工作人员可不是仅仅纸上谈兵。

他们还通过诸如世界卫生组织和联合国国际儿童基金会之类的国际组织为世界各国提供切实帮助。

10．It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch (津津有味且迅速) , stow a portion of victuals (食物) finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interests in the piece; and to those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colors, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins (胫骨) . It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities that any man continues to exist with even patience, that he is charmed by the look of things and people, and that he wakens every morning with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure. Desire and curiosity are the two eyes through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colors: it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting: and the man may squander (挥霍) his estate and come to beggary, but if he keeps these two amulets (护身符) he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure. Suppose he could take one meal so compact and comprehensive that he should never hunger any more; suppose him, at a glance, to take in all the features of the world and allay the desire for knowledge; suppose him to do the like in any province of experience-would not that man be in a poor way for amusement ever after?
正确答案：人在这个世界上好像真可以大有作为，因为世间有那么多联姻婚嫁，决战厮杀，因为我们每日都按时急匆匆、乐滋滋地将一份食物一去不复返地塞入我们自己的皮囊。

乍一看，在这个你争我斗的人生里，人活着的唯一目的仿佛真是获取利益，多多益善。

可是从精神方面解读人生，此种观点却只触及皮相。

正是因为我们不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福，一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此永无止境。

对于朝前看的人，眼前永远有新的地平线。

虽然我们生活在一个小小的星球上，为尘世中的琐事日夜奔忙，加之生命又极其短暂，可是造化使我们永远无法企及希望，恰如天上的繁星，无法摘取；希望和生命似同枝连理，希望会延伸至生命的最后一刻。

真正的幸福是启程时的欣喜，而非抵
达处的欢乐；真正的幸福源于想有而没有的渴望，而非来自一切到手的满足。

渴望是一个永恒的喜悦，一笔如地产般稳固的财产，一份取之不尽的财富，正是心中怀有渴望，我们才年复一年参与令人欣喜的世事。

一个人如有很多希望，就是精神的富豪。

人生只是一出枯燥的戏文，编导得又十分拙劣，要想让人生不乏味，我们就得对这出戏文兴致勃勃。

一个人若无艺术爱好，又缺科学头脑，世界便只是五彩六色的凑合，或可比之为崎岖的旅程，让人历尽坎坷。

但正是因为有了欲望和好奇，人才能永远耐心地活下去，才能见物而喜，遇人而乐，才能在晨起时重新激起想工作、要欢乐的冲动。

欲望和好奇是两只眼睛，人通过它们看世界，世界于是也色彩纷呈。

正因为有了欲望和好奇，女人才能美得倾国倾城，顽石竟会让人兴趣盎然。

一个人可以倾家荡产，沦为乞丐，可是只要他有这两样宝物，他就仍然可能有无限的欢乐。

假如一个人一餐既浓缩又全面，之后竟永远不再感到饥饿；假如一个人一眼就能看遍世界的形形色色，满足对知识的欲望；假如一个人在方方面面都能如此——那么，此人从此不是再无乐趣可言?。