chapter_2biz writingLetter Structures and Placement
英语段落写作方法与技巧
Back
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
2. 段落的主题句
主题句是一个段落中最具概括性的句子。一般包含两个 基本内容：1）本段要讨论的中心人物或事物——即主题词； 2）作者对这个中心人物或事物的态度、观点或见解——即扩 展范围或关键词。 主题句既不能过于概括，也不能过于具体。主题句过于 概括（即过于笼统或题目太大），很难用几句话说清楚，通常 会因为得不到应有的充实而显得空泛无力，从而造成不能有效 地表达主题思想。主题句过于具体（即缺乏概括性的观点）， 则无法展开段落，作者的思想就没有发挥的余地，容易造成对 一个意思的重复描述。
Part Two: Paragraph Writing
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
1. 段落的主题与主题句 2. 段落的扩展 3. 段落的结尾
Chapter Two: Basic Paragraph Patterns
1. 列举法(Listing) 2. 举例法(Exemplification) 3. 时空顺序法(Time and Space Sequence) 4. 因果分析法(Cause and Effect) 5. 比较对照法(Comparison & Contrast) 6. 分类法(Classification)
Back
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
3. “转”即转折，用来表示语气的转折
although but despite however 何；然而 in other words instead of
虽然 as opposed to 与……相反 但是 conversely 相反 地 尽管 fortunately 幸运地 无论如 in opposition to 与……相反 换言之 in spite of 相反 luckily 尽管 幸运地
浙江省嵊州市高三英语复习写作指导课件 Lesson 2 The Basic Structures of Letters
have lots of questions to ask you, such as when you began to learn to write and how you got the fantastic ideas for your books. We all hope that you
can visit us in China and give us a lecture. It would be wonderful if you
Yours faithfully, Jenny Jackson
Engllish Practical Writing
Further Practice
Xiao Tao is a fan of Harry Potter, and he wanted to write a letter to its author J. K. Rowling to invite her to give a speech in his school. Read Xiao Tao’s letter carefully and try to point out the mistakes he made in the letter.
could.
▪
Looking forward Leabharlann o your letter.▪
▪
Yours, Xiao Tao.
▪
2003-6-10
Engllish Practical Writing
Check your answer with the reference
Class 4, Grade 3 No. 8 Kunming Middle School Kunming, Yunnan China 10th June, 2003 ▪ Dear J. K. Rowling, ▪… ▪ ▪ Yours sincerely, Xiao Tao ▪
2020高考英语复习写作指导课件 Lesson 2 The Basic Structures of Letters
Engllish Practical Writing
Further Practice
Xiao Tao is a fan of Harry Potter, and he wanted to write a letter to its author J. K. Rowling to invite her to give a speech in his school. Read Xiao Tao’s letter carefully and try to point out the mistakes he made in the letter.
Engllish Practical Writing
Dear J.K. Rowling,
My name is Xiao Tao. And I’m one of the many Harry Porter fans in
China. All of my schoolmates have seen your Harry Porter movies and
Engllish Practical Writing
Step 2 With what you have learned above, check the format of the letter you rewrote for Jenny in Approaching the Topic.
Step 3 Write out your revised letter and check it with the reference.
Engllish Practical Writing
My Writing
Chapter-2-Writing-paragraphs
2021/4/9
3
1.Topic sentence
Topic sentence= topic+ controlling idea (narrowing the topic)
(Topic) idea)
(Controlling
. A .Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics.
2021/4/9
1
A good paragraph should have only one main idea (unity)
A good paragraph should have a topic semantic structure (a
topic statement, developing sentences, a concluding sentence)
Chapter2 Writing paragraphs
Introduction Essays are divided into paragraphs. If your essay is one
continuous piece of text, it will be very difficult for any reader to follow your argument. Therefore essays need paragraphs. Essays are divided into paragraphs in a meaningful way. A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop one topic or idea. The topic of one paragraph should follow logically from the topic of the last paragraph and should lead on to the topic of the next paragraph. The paragraphs have different functions,
完整版 Keys to Chapter 2
Keys to Chapter II Sentence WritingTask 1Identify the structure of the following sentences.1. Global warming results from the burning of fossil fuels, such as petroleum products, resulting in the release of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere （simple sentence）2. The simplest way t o help the environment is not to impact on it. （simple sentence）3. Two environmental issues that we find most pressing are deforesting and global warming. （complex sentence）4. The loss of trees upsets the ecosystem as trees are necessary to build topsoil, maintain rainfall in dry climates, purify underground water and to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. （complex sentence）5. Bu t the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole. （complex sentenc e）6. These are two elements that are not inexhaustible, and we must realize that once we reach the point of no return, there will be nothing left for future generations.（compound complex sentence）7. When we are greedy for more than what we need for our well-being, we always abuse the resources of our body and the earth.（complex sentenc e）8. We are the cause of the ailing planet and we are the victims.（compound sentence）9. How we see our environment s hapes our whole world.（complex sentence）10.Look at the relationship between the tree and its environment,and you will see the future of the tree. （compound sentence）Task 2Identify the features of the following sentences in terms of rhetorics.1 ) He likes rock’n roll; his girlfriend hates it.(balanced)2) On hearing the news, he was excited and I was worried.(periodic / balanced)3) It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(loose)4) As modern college students, we must serve our community, serve our country, and serve our society. (parallel)5) If you think I am from the countryside, if you think I am weaker than you and want to bully me, you are wrong.(parallel / periodic)6) In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization. (periodic)7) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. (parallel)8) It was an immense crowd, looking up into the sky.(loose)9) Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; some few to be chewed and digested. (parallel)——Francis Bacon10) The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.(parallel / periodic)11) The old man is not lack of money but lack of happiness.(balanced)Task 3Please judge whether the following sentences are correct ones or not and improve them.1.Because you don’t want to be affected by your room mate.You may choose to live out of dormitory. Fragmentary sentencesRevised:Because you don’t want to be affected by your room mate, you may choose to live out of dormitory. 2. We learn something from our roommates who are from different parts of China. Living in the same dorm. Fragmentary sentencesRevised: Living in the same dorm,we learn something from our roommates who are from different parts of China.3. You know we are adult, we should live alone.Run-on sentencesRevised:You know since we are adult, we should live alone. You know we are adult, so we should live alone.4. As a college student, we should attach importance to study.the confusing shift of referenceRevised:As a college student, I should attach importance to study.5. Harry, together with his parents, are just back from a trip.The disagreement between the subject and the predicateRevised:Harry, together with his parents, is just back from a trip.6. Believe it or not，……（后面应该接一句）Fragmentary sentences7. The population of Xi’an is bigger than Xianyang. wrong comparisonRevised:The population of Xi’an is bigger than that of Xianyang.8. You. Know. We. Are. adult, we. Should. Live. alone. (punctuation mistake /poor writing habbit)Task 4Please identify the errors of the following sentences.错误类型：（misplaced modifier）1.He worked hard in the fields, raising crops that would bring in money without complaints.Revised: He worked hard without complaints in the fields, raising crops that would bring in money.2.The car is in that garage which he smashed.Revised: The car which he smashed is in the garage.3.They talked about going on a second honeymoon frequently, but they never did.Revised: They frequently talked about going on a second honeymoon, but they never did.4.He looked at the angry boy with sad eyes.Revised: He looked with sad eyes at the angry boy.5.Fortunately the fire was put out before the damage was done by the volunteer firemen.Revised: Fortunately the fire was put out by the volunteer firemen before the damage was done.6.There is a lecture tonight about the African situation in the hall.Revised: There is a lecture about the African situation in the hall tonight.7.He showed his album to his classmates that he had won as a prize.Revised:He showed his album, which he had won as a prize, to his classmate.Task 5Bring into a sentence only related thoughts and put unrelated thoughts in another sentence or sentences. Unrelated: We paid a porter two dollars for taking our luggage to our room, and the hotel lobby was very elegant.Related: We paid a porter two dollars for taking our luggage to our rooms. We found that the hotel lobby was very elegant.Unrelated: I was nervous, and I combed my hair a dozen times and I looked in the mirror over and over again to make sure my false eyelashes hadn’t come unglued.Related: I was nervous before my first date. I combed my hair a dozen times and I looked in the mirror over and over again to make sure my false eyelashes hadn’t come unglued.Task 6Rewrite the paragraph by making it more concise.Macbeth was very ambitious. This led him to wish to become king of Scotland. The witches told him that this wish of his would come true. The king of Scotland at this time was Duncan. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth murdered Duncan. He was thus enabled to succeed Duncan as king. (51 words)Revised: Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth achieved his ambition and realized the prediction of the witches by murdering Duncan and becoming king of Scotland in his place. (26 words)Task 7Rewrite the sentences and put emphasis on the main ideas.Keys1. Having tasted the wines produced in different places, he says the red wine made in Beijing is the best.2. You cannot understand the meaning of the title until you come to the end of the book.3. China must do much to limit the growth of its population of 1.2 billion.4. According to Confucius, moral integrity is more important than position, wealth, or life.5. During his lifetime, this famous novelist wrote altogether 12 novels.6. Whenever in trouble with others, rich people in the west usually ask lawyers for help.7. She does not care too much about prices; she cares much about quality.8. Almost all boys in this school play football.Task 8KeysHe was born in a small village. His father taught at the village school and his mother did the housework. He began to study at his father's school at seven and six years later entered the junior middle school in a nearby town. After graduating from it he was admitted to a senior middle school in the county seat, where he proved to be a good student. He took the national college entrance examinations, got good marks in most subjects, and was able to enroll in a university in the provincial capital. As a major in civil engineering, he cherished the dream of building a highway for his home village, which he dearly loved.Task 9Rewrite the following sentences and state the reasons.Keys1. To give you a general idea of our product, we enclose a complete set of leaflets.（For conciseness）2. Shy people, having low-esteem of themselves, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. (To achieve greater emphasis on certain parts)3. Mr. Smith usually prefers French wines. (For conciseness)4. The color of the dress is beautiful and the style is fashionable. (For parallelism)5. Although he had w on several prizes in the competition, we don’t like the way he treated other people. (To achieve unity)Task 10Keys (Omitted)。
商务英语写作(修订版) 第二章
2
Chapter
Structure
and
Styles
of
Business
Letters
I. Structure of Business Letters
Among the 12 elements, letterhead, date, inside address, salutation, body, complementary close and signature are necessary, while the others are optional.
2
Chapter
Structure
and
Styles
of
Business
Letters
The first impression a business letter makes on its reader often determines whether that letter will actually be read, and it also may determine the reader’s reaction to the contents of the letter.
Sample Letterhead
2
Chapter
Structure
and
Styles
of
Business
Letters
2. Date 日期
typed below the last line of the letterhead
The common format is either American (Month/Day/Year) or British (Day/Month/Year).
Unit_1__Form and Structure of a biz letter
the Structure of a Business Letter
the optional parts
12)The Carbon Copy Notation c.c. or C.C. 13)The Identification Line BC:NB BC/NB MT:fjr MT/fjr 14)The Postscript P.S. The invitation will be mailed to you in a day or two. P.S. …to see you at the Annual Sales Fair at the Hillside Plaza on September 15.
in two ways, both technique and facts. correct usage of grammar, punctuation and spelling standard language, proper statement, accurate figures, and factual information as well as the correct understanding of commercial jargons
the Structure of a Business Letter
(1) Letterhead (8) Our Ref. No. Your Ref. No. (2) Date
(3) Inside Address
(9) The Attention Line (4) Salutation (10) The Subject Line (5) Body of the letter ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… (6) Complimentary Close
新思维2A第2单元教案
6.Little teacher.
7.Well, let’s go ahead , who want to show us this conversation ,hands up .(choose two Ss to act the conversation)
b. Pupils learn the names of different means of districts in Hong Kong.
c.To encourage pupils to ask and answer about the ways they e to school.
教学难点
Difficult points:
Review the sentence by Where do you live ? I live in…ask questions and let them answer.Correct them when they were wrong.
Whilelearning
2. Ask questions“Where does Sally live ?”and let them listen to the sample conversations in part A .After listening the students should answer the teacher’s question.
3. Ask who can read the names of places .
巩固与运用
堂测题
创编对话
配套作业本第1课时
堂测堂清
板书设计
Chapter2 About me
Weather Date
商务英语信函结构课件
商务英语信函结构课件English:When writing a business English letter, the structure is typically organized into four main parts: the heading, the opening, the body, and the closing. The heading contains the sender's address, date, and recipient's address. The opening sets the tone and purpose of the letter and should grab the reader's attention. The body contains the message and explanation of the purpose of the letter in detail. It should be concise, clear, and organized. The closing should be polite and complementary and should request action or follow-up.In addition to the main structure, it is also important to pay attention to the tone and style of the letter. The tone should be professional and formal, but also friendly and approachable. The writing style should be clear, concise, and direct. Avoid using ambiguous language, and instead, use specific and descriptive words.Moreover, it is important to consider the audience of the letter. The language and communication style should be adjusted based on thebackground and culture of the recipient. Avoid using slang or jargon that may be unfamiliar to the reader.Finally, make sure to proofread the letter for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that the formatting is consistent throughout the entire letter and that all details, such as therecipient's name and address, are accurate.中文翻译:在写商务英语信函时，结构通常分为四个主要部分：抬头、开头、正文和结尾。
重大版高中英语应用文写作：重大版高中英语应用文写作：Lesson 2 The Basic Structure of Letters
Approaching the Topic
Exercise on p.21
Reread Jenny’s letters (on P.15) carefully and find Jenny’s mistakes in the format.
Dear John,
My aunt Susan told me that you are looking for a secretary, Is that true?
I want this job very much. And I’ll work deadly hard if you give me the chance to try.
love,
Jenny
Approaching the Topic
Exercise on p.21
Work in groups and discusቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ how to improve it.
Ready to Write
Learn the structure of a personal letter and a business letter.
Finish the exercise on PP.22-23
1.Find out and write down the six parts of Paul’s Letter. 2.Find out and write down the six parts of Sharon Cate’s letter. 3.Fill in the blanks with the names of the components of a personal letter. pare the two letters and tell the differences between a business letter and a personal one. Make a discussion with your partner.
英语必修二 Unit4 Writing 写作
4. 结果，环境已经遭到破坏，一些野生 动物失去了家园。
As a result, the environment there has been destroyed and some wild animals are losing their habitats.
5. 在我看来，发展旅游业与保护野生动物同等 重要。 In my opinion, to develop tourism is as equally important as to protect the wild animals.
Yours sincerely, Li Hua
课外作业
假定你是李华，你的家乡因旅游景点过度开发， 环境受到严重破坏，森林里的野生动物失去了家园。 请你给某英语报社的编辑写一封信，呼吁政府采取 措施保护野生动物的栖息地。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语已为你写好。 Dear editor,
They are dying out. Therefore, it is high time we took immediate measures to change the situation.
So I hope WWF will do something to help Yangtze finless porpoise by setting up a special fund organization or drawing up some rules on how to protect it and so on. Thanks for reading my letter and anxiously looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Unit 1-2 Biz letter & Establishing Biz Relations
Part One Principles of Biz LetterLetterwriting 1)
1. Correct e.g. Please eat the next room. Correct: Please eat in the next room. 2. Concise e.g. This letter will acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 10 in which you state that your order is for two hundred tons of grapefruit. Better: Thank you for your order for 200 tons of grapefruit.
Part Four Layout of Biz Letter
2. Block Style 齐头式，又称平头式或并列式,特点是：每一 行，包括日期，信内地址，称呼，正文， 敬意结尾，签名和附件等都左对齐。
Part Four Envelope Addressing
写信封时，尽管英语和汉语采用截然不同的 方式，但基本标准是相同的，即地址应写 得正确、整洁、美观。信封地址与信内地 址保持信息及风格一致。 写咨询信函时，“保密”字样需写在信封上， 通常位于信封左下端或更常位于发信人地 址的下面。 信封写法有齐头式和斜列式两种。如图示。
6) To a married woman 7) To an unmarried woman 8) To a friend or someone you know well 2. How to make the complimentary close according to the corresponding salutations? 1) Dear Sir/ Madam 2) Dear Mr./ Ms./ Mrs. Smith 3) Dear John 实战演习1.ppt
2017届高三英语复习写作指导课件 Lesson 2 The Basic Structures of Letters
My Writing
Step 1
Help Jenny find out what’s wrong with her letters on Page 15 and 21.
Focus: Make sure the correct ways to write Heading, esp. Date, Inside address and Complimentary closing.
Yours faithfully, Jenny Jackson
Engllish Practical Writing
Further Practice
Xiao Tao is a fan of Harry Potter, and he wanted to write a letter to its author J. K. Rowling to invite her to give a speech in his school. Read Xiao Tao’s letter carefully and try to point out the mistakes he made in the letter.
Engllish Practical Writing
Exercise on p. 21 Reread Jenny’s letters (on P. 15) carefully and find out Jenny’s mistakes in the format.
Engllish Practical Writing
some even have read all your books. We are all fascinated by them. We
英语作文写信文章结构
英语作文写信文章结构Title: Crafting a Structured English Letter: Guidelines and Tips。
Introduction:Writing a letter in English requires a structured approach to effectively convey your message. Whether it's a formal letter, an informal note, or even an email, organizing your thoughts and ideas is crucial for clear communication. In this guide, we will explore the essential elements of a well-structured English letter and provide tips on how to compose each section effectively.1. Salutation:The salutation is the opening greeting of your letter. Depending on the level of formality, you can use various greetings such as "Dear," "Hello," or "Hi." If you know the recipient's name, it's best to address them directly, forexample, "Dear Mr. Smith," or "Hello Emily." Avoid using overly casual greetings in formal letters, and always use appropriate titles if applicable.2. Introduction:The introduction sets the tone for your letter and provides context for the reader. Start by stating the purpose of your letter in a clear and concise manner. If you're writing a formal letter, briefly introduce yourself or your organization and explain why you are writing. In an informal letter, you can jump straight into the main content without extensive introductions.3. Body Paragraphs:The body of the letter contains the main content and supporting details of your message. Organize your thoughts into paragraphs, with each paragraph focusing on a single point or topic. Use transition words and phrases to ensure smooth flow between paragraphs. Provide specific examples or evidence to support your arguments and make your pointsmore convincing.4. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the main points of yourletter and may include a call to action or a closing statement. Depending on the purpose of your letter, you can express gratitude, make a request, or suggest a course of action. Keep the conclusion brief and to the point, and avoid introducing new information that was not discussed in the body of the letter.5. Closing:The closing is the final part of your letter before the signature. Common closings include "Sincerely," "Best regards," or "Yours faithfully." Choose a closing that matches the tone and formality of your letter. If you have a personal relationship with the recipient, you can use more informal closings such as "Take care" or "Warm regards."6. Signature:Sign your name legibly below the closing to personalize the letter and add a personal touch. If you're sending the letter via email, you can use a digital signature or simply type your name. In formal letters, you may also include your job title or position below your name for clarity.Conclusion:Writing a well-structured English letter requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the guidelines outlined in this guide, you can effectively communicate your message and make a positive impression on the recipient. Remember to proofread your letter for grammar and spelling errors before sending it, and tailor the tone and style to suit the recipient and the purpose of the letter.。
经贸英语 chapter 2 Structure And Style Of__ Business Letters
chapter 2 Structure And Style Of Business LettersLetter Structures and Placement1．Letterhead2．Date3．Inside Address4．Attention Line5．Salutation6．Subject Line7．Body8．Complimentary Close9．Signature10．Reference Initials11．Enclosure12．Copy Notation1．Letterhead信头A business letter is usually typed on printed letterhead paper．A letter- head generally contains the following information：·The name of the firm·Its address and postal codes·Telephone number·Fax number·Internet address·E．mail address·A trademark or a brief slogan，etc．2．Date日期The common formats are typical American one(Month／Day／Year)and British one(Day／Month／Year)．As the date is a vital part of a business letter，the month written in full is preferred because figures may create confusion．3．Inside Address封内地址The address of the organization receiving the letter is typed single—spaced at the left margin．The number of lines left blank between the date line and the address depends on the size of the body of the letter，the size of type(the pitch)used，and the length of the printed lines．4．Attention Line指明收信人If you send your message officially to an organization，an attention line allows you to send it directly to a specific individual，officer，or department．However, if you know an individual’s complete name，it is always better to use it as the first line of the inside address and avoid an attention line．5．Salutation称呼For most letter styles place the letter greeting or salutation，two lines below the last line of the inside address or the attention line(if used)．If the letter is addressed to an individual，use that person’Scourtesy title and last name(Dear Mr．Lanbam)．Even ifyou are on a first—name basis(Dear Leslie)，be sure to add a colon(or a comma，not a semicolon)after the salutation．6．Subject Line事由／主题行Although experts suggest placing the subject line two 1ines below the salutation，many businesses actually place it above the salutation．A subject line is often underlined or typed in capitals．7．Body信文Most business letters are single-spaced with double line spacing between paragraphs．8．Complimentary Close结尾敬词Typed two lines below the last line of the letter, the complimentary close may be formal(Very truly yours)or informal(Sincerely yours or Cordially yours)．9．Signature签名1)Organization Name：If an organization name is used after the complimentary close，the name should be typed entirely in capitals two lines below the complimentary close．2)Author, Title，and Department：The author of the letter needs space to sign his or her name；therefore，three blank lines should be left above the typed name of the author．If short．the author’s title or department may appear on the same line as the author’s name．If long，it should be typed immediately below the author’s name.10．Reference Initials打字员姓名缩写The initials of the typist are typed two spaces below the author’s name and title．If the author chooses to include his or her initials in the reference initials line，the author’s initials should appear before the typist’s(EM：mef)．11．Enclosure(or Attachment)If an enclosure(or attachment)accompanies the letter，a notation to that effect is placed two lines below the reference initials．This notation reminds the typist to insert the enclosure in the envelope，and it reminds the letter receiver to look for the enclosure(or attachment)．The notation may be spelledout(Enclosure／Attachment)，or it may be abbreviated(Enc．／At．)．1 2．Copy Notation抄送If copies of a business letter have been made for other individuals，a copy notation is typed one or two lines below the enclosure notation(if used)．A colon following is optional．Most people prefer to use notations like CC，Cc，(all mean carbon copy)．Since most copies are now photo copied, some people use the notation XC(xerox copy)，PC(photo copy)，or C(copy)．Styles of Business Letters1．Block Style齐头式All its lines(from the date line)begin at the left margin．2．Modified Block Style改良齐头式The date line，reference line(if used) complimentary close，organization name(if used)，author’s name，and title begin at the center of the page．The first line of each paragraph may begin at the left margin or may be indented five or ten spaces．All other lines begin at the left margin． 3．Simplified Style简化式All lines begin at the left margin．Notice that a subject line typed in all capitals，replaces the salutation．A triple line space precedes and follows the subject line．Instead of a complimentary close or company name，the writer’s name and title are typed in all capitals five lines below the last line of the 1etter body.4．Indented Style缩进式In the indented style，each new paragraph starts four or five spaces from the left—hand margin，while the complimentary close and the signature are centred or on the right—hand side of the sheet． 5．Punctuation StylesTwo punctuation styles are customarily used in bussiness letters：mixed and open．Letters using mixed punctuation style have a colon after the salutation and a comma after the complimentaryclose．Letters using open punctuation style do not have a colon after the salutation and a comma after the complimentary close．Envelop AddressingEnvelop addressing calls for accuracy，legibility(易读性)and good appearance．Like the inside address，the address on the envelope can be written in two forms：the indented form and the blocked form．。
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册.structuredwriting
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册.structuredwritingUnit 1A larger and larger part of society is expressing its concern about environmental protection. Active in their concern, teachers and students hold specific meetings to discuss environmental protection. Also, city planners take environmental problems into serious consideration. And, though reducing pollution can be expensive, factories often take every possible measure to do their part. Many people are concerned and active because air and water pollution affects everyone and makes it difficult for cities to survive and businesses to make a profit.Unit 2Computers, just like any new technology, have a negative side. As more and more computers are used in production lines, many jobs are being taken over by computer-controlled machines. As a result, many workers are finding themselves jobless. This constitutes a threat to social security. Another problem is computer crimes. Forexample, some people are finding ways to break into the bank computer systems and transfer large sums of money to their own accounts. There have been many reports like this. One more negative effect of computers is that they bring about health problems. Sitting in front of computers all day undoubtedly affects people’s health. Back pain, wrist pain, failing eyesight, to name only a few.Unit 3Many people place so much emphasis on success that they think any failure is bad. Failure is never pleasant because it hurts people. But in fact it can make positive contribution to our lifeonce we learn how to make the best of it. We can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one. And we can learn from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a total failure can give us fresh ideas or a change of direction. Repeated failures lead to success and prove to be beneficial to us as we experiment every day to find out the right way of doing things.Unit 4Parents have to save a large amount of money for their children to study abroad. Apart from the international flight, they have to pay for their daily expense, such as food, shelter, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls, and clothing. In addition, the children should have some money ready to cover unexpected expenses.Unit 5There are many problems for mixed marriages. The number one reason is the cultural differences between the mixed couple, like those in customs and lifestyle. Many people have prejudice against mixed marriages. They often feel shocked to see people of different races get married and have doubts about such marriages. What’s more, children from mixed marriages tend to be looked down upon or even badly treated by their peers. Mixed marriages face many trials, and as a result, mixed couples have higher divorce rates thancouples of the same race.Unit 6My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, my hometown is a small town. It has a population of only about 10,000 people. Located in a rural area, it is surrounded by many acres of farmland which are devoted mainlyto growing corn and soybeans. As for my college town, it is small too. Having a population of about 11,000 local residents, it lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Therefore living in my college town makes me feel at home. I enjoy it.Unit 7My friend Jack has become a workaholic. He has too strong a desire to prove himself. According to him, good enough is never good enough. While others want only to finish a few things, he aims to do everything by himself. Also, he is unwilling to spend time with his family, playing with the dog, or going fishing. He would feel guilty if he did so, because he believes that all his time should be spent working. He even wishes that he could have a day of 26 hours or even more. He has become a workaholic whether he likes it or not. Unit 8There has been a sad tendency among youngsters in valuing material things more and more. For college students, the most popular subjects that they prefer to choose are accounting, computer programming, business, etc. When they graduate from colleges, the jobs they prefer to choose are sales representative, advertisement designing, international business, etc. Fewer and fewer people are choosing teaching or social services as their life career.Unit 9Some people think that books are the main source of himam ledge, summaries of what people have acquired in their struggle with nature and society. Moreover, with the rapid development of modern society, book knowledge is updated from time to time. For these people, books are everything.However, book knowledge is not everything! Books cannever cover all the things and happenings in the world. Book knowledge is only a recording of what has been discovered. There are many mysteries unsolved and we can find no answers from books up to now. So if one does not try to learn something beyond books, it will be difficult for one to cope with some practical problems.We should develop our ability through practice and observing the world. It is not practical to rely on books only.Unit 10London would not surrender. All the people of London were in the front lines. They put out endless fires from the heavy bombing. They dug quickly in cellars to rescue their friends who had been buried underneath the wreckage. London people prepared to fight on with every possible means until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off.。
商务英语写作 chapter 2
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Chapter
Structure and Styles of Business Letters
1. Letterhead 信头
Example
EASTERN TEXTILES IMP. & EXP. CO., LTD. 12389 Changchun Road, Dalian, China Tel: (0411) 8660##### Fax: (0411) 8650#### E-mail: bcxbcx@
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Chapter
Structure and Styles of Business Letters
1. Letterhead 信头
The name of the company Its address and postal code Telephone number Fax number Company website address E-mail address A trademark or a slogan, etc.
June 5, 2006 October 9, 2006 June 8, 2006 October 28, 2006 January 13, 2006
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Chapter
Structure and Styles of Business Letters
3. Inside address 封内地址
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Chapter
Structure and Styles of Business Letters
5. Salutation 称呼
Exercises
What salutation would you use to address a letter to:
writing structure
I. My View On … 题型 套路3： When asked about a theme, different people will offer different opinions… is no exception. Some people take it for granted/ say/think/believe that … However, others hold that … As far as I am concerned, I’m in favor of the second view. The reasons are as follows. First, there is an element of truth that… but it doesn’t follow that … A case in point is that .. Therefore, the first view doesn’t hold water/cannot bear much analysis/cannot stand up to close examination. In conclusion…
III. How to … 题型 套路：…
Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, …. Besides,/Another way to solve the problem of … is … Finally, … These are not the best and the only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to …
letters___内容英语书信的写作格式与范文讲解
The Layout of English Letter Writing
1.Block Format（齐头式） 2.Paragraph-indented Format（缩行式） 3.Modified Block Format （混合式）
June 12, 2006 or 20 July, 2006 ➢ Do not use only figures, i.e. 12/6/06,
because not all English-speaking people agree on the order of the date.
Yours sincerely,
(Signature)
Modified Block Format
_____________(Inside Address) _____________ _____________
_____________(Letterhead) _____________ _____________ _____________(Date)
Mr. Ronald Purvis Department of Education Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ford Motor Company PR Department 13350 Rotunda Drive Dearborn,Michigan 48120 U.S.A.
Date
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Letter Structures and Placement
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
Letterhead Date Inside Address Attention Line Salutation Subject Line
Body 8. Complimentary Close 9. Signature 10. Reference Initials 11. Enclosure 12. Copy Notation
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Sample Salutation
It is typed flush with left margin (blocked and modified block) It is followed by a comma or a colon It can omit any punctuation, if so the complimentary needs none. e.g. Dear Andy, Dear Mrs. Breedlove, Ladies and Gentlemen:
The address of the organization receiving the letter is typed single-spaced at the left margin. The number of lines left blank between the date line and the address depends on the size of the body of the letter, the size of type used, and the length of the printed lines. The address is typed as it will appear on the envelope.
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Sample Inside Address
Dr. David Brown Executive Vice President Sunny Stock, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT 75087 U.S.A.
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Arrange the following information into letterhead or inside address:
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Sample Date Line
Date consists of the date, month, year. Two widely accepted styles: June 12, 2006 or 20 July, 2006 Do not use only figures, i.e. 12/6/06, because not all English-speaking people agree on the order of the date.
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Sample Attention line
A colon or dash may or may not follow the word “attention”.
e.g. ATTENTION: SALES MANAGER Attention—Marketing Director Attention of Advertising Manager
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Body
This is the actual message of your letter. Most business letters and memorandums are single-spaced with double line spacing between paragraphs. Very short messages may be double-spaced with indented paragraphs.
U.S.A./Ford Motor Company/ Dearborn,Michigan 48120/PR Department/13350 Rotunda Drive China/Beijing 100021/Beijing Metal/President/ Lin Fang/ East lane/ 234
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Salutation
For most letter styles place the letter greeting or salutation, two lines below the last line of the inside address or the attention line (if used). If the letter is addressed to an individual, use that person’s courtesy title and last name (Dear Mr. Lanbam). Even if you are on a first-name basis (Dear Leslie), be sure to add a colon (or a comma not a semicolon) after the salutation. Use an individual’s full name (Dear Leslie Lanbam) only when gender is unknown.
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What salutation would you use to address a letter to:
a. b.
c.
d. e. f. g.
A company (a new client) David J.Lee (businessman with doctorate) Candy Lester(unknown marital status) A marketing manager Mr. Bran Jackson & Mr. Kevin Jackson Mr. Froy Longman & Mrs. Jane Longman Persons who are applying for a job vacancy
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Sample Letterhead
Sample:
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Date
The date is typed a few lines below the last line of the letterhead. The format of the date line differs from country to country .The common formats are typical American one (Month/Day/Year) and British one (Day/Month/Year). As the date is a vital part of a business letter, the month written in full is preferred because figures may create confusion.
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More Example of Salutation (1)
Dear Sir/Dear Sirs/Gentlemen/Ladies: (to the unknown and very formal) Dear Mr./Mrs/Miss/Ms Johnson: (only surname, semi formal) Dear Messrs/Mmes. Johnson: (2 or more Men/women with the same surname.)
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Rewrite the following date for standard business letters
6/5/06
10-9-06 8
June 2006 Oct.28, 06 jan.13. 2006
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Inside Address
7.
2
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Letterhead
The name of the firm Address and postal codes Telephone number Fax number Internet address, Email address Telegraphic and telex address A trademark or a brief slogan, etc
line
An attention line allows you to send your message officially to an organization but to direct it to a specific individual, officer, or department. However, if you know an individual’s complete name, it is always better to use it as the first line of the inside address and avoid an attention line.
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More Example of Salutation (2)
Dear Dr. Woods: (professional title used ) Dear Customer: (to a group of the same status) Dear Purchasing Agent: (the unknown’s professional title) Dear Kim: (first name, very informal)