一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时讲解

⼀般现在时,现在进⾏时,⼀般过去时讲解
⼀般过去时态
（1）基本⽤法
1.⼀般过去时通常⽤来表⽰过去发⽣的动作或存在的状况。

如：
--- Where were you last week?上周你在哪⼉？
--- I was at my uncle's home in the countryside.（上周）我在乡下的叔叔家。

2.有些情况，发⽣时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发⽣的，应⽤过去时态；另外，在谈到已故去的⼈时，也多⽤过去时。

如：
He bought a cat, and now they are good friends.他买了⼀只猫，现在他们是好朋友了。

Lu Xun was a great writer.鲁迅是⼀位伟⼤的作家。

（2）时间状语
与⼀般过去时连⽤的时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。

如：He went to the park yesterday.她昨天去了花园。

I was ten years old in 2001.我2001年才10岁。

（3）动词的过去式
在⼀般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，⼤家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。

其基本的变化规则如下：
①⼀般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed。

如：play –played , look –looked。

②以e结尾的动词在其后加d。

如：like –liked, use –used。

③与辅⾳字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加ed。

如：carry – carried, marry - married。

④以重读闭⾳节（或r⾳节）结尾，末尾只有⼀个辅⾳字母时，双写这个辅⾳字母，再加ed。

如：stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。

当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。

如：am – was, are – were, put – put, see – saw, eat – ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！
⼀般现在时态
⼀、定义与讲解
⼀般现在时：表⽰经常性的事情，经常性的动作或⼀般性事实。

⼆、⼀般现在时的⽤法
表⽰经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表⽰客观事实或普遍真理；在时间、条件等状语从句中，⽤现在时表⽰将来；在某些以here ，there 开头的句⼦中，⽤⼀般现在时表⽰正在发⽣的动作
三、时间状语：often 经常，usually 通常，always 总是，every 每个，sometimes 有时，at …在⼏点钟
只有在第三⼈称单数⽤动词的“三单变化”，其他⽤动词的原形。

动词三单变化规则：
1.多数在动词后＋s play — plays like — likes
（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays
（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh 或o 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does
go---goes pass---passes
（3）以“辅⾳字母加 - y ”结尾的动词，要先变y 为i 再加
-es.
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
现在进⾏时态
⼀、概念、
现在进⾏时表说话时正在进⾏或发⽣的动作,也可表⽰当前⼀段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进⾏的动作．
结构：助动词be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.
⼆、现在分词的构成：
1.⼤多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．
Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-do ing , read-reading , think-thinking
2.如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,
如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-u sing．
3. 如果动词只有⼀个元⾳字母,⽽其后跟有⼀个辅⾳字母时,将此辅⾳字母双写,再加-ing
如：hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．
4. 如果动词有两个⾳节,且重⾳在第⼆个⾳节上,则末尾的辅⾳字母须双写,再加-ing,
如: for’get-forgetting, pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试⽐较’benefit/benfitin g, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重⾳在第⼀个⾳节上,因此其末尾的辅⾳字母不双写．
5. 以-ic 结尾的动词,应先把-ic 变为-ick,再加-ing, eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicki ng,但lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．
三、句型结构：
1.现在进⾏时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be ( is / am / are ) 上．
1)现在进⾏时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分
I am singing . They are writing .
2)现在进⾏时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
3）⼀般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).
3.说明: 不是所有动词都能⽤现在进⾏时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不⽤进⾏时态．
四．⽤法：
1.表⽰现在( 指说话⼈说话时) 正在发⽣的事情．往往与now,at the moment,just 等副词连⽤,以⽰强调．We are waiting for you？What are you doing?
Some one’s knocking at the door．
2.正在进⾏着的动作可视为未完成的动作。

He’s talking to his friends in the classroom. 可⽤still ⼀词强调动作的持续性He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.
3. 表⽰长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进⾏．
Mr. Black is writing another article. Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it. She is learning piano under Mr. Black.
4.现在进⾏时可⽤来表⽰不会长期发⽣的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进⾏的动作或存在的情况：
What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.
5.现在进⾏时也可以⽤来表⽰当前的动向：
People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.
6. 表⽰渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．
The leaves are turning brow. It’s getting colder and colder.
7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连⽤,表反复发⽣的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话⼈的主观⾊彩．
You are always changing your mind.
8. 现在进⾏时(以及be going to）可以表⽰为将来安排好的活动和事件We’re spending next winter in China. ⽤
arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进⾏时描写⾏程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思：He’s arriving tomorrow morning.
9.当现在进⾏时表⽰某事发⽣的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：
He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.
⼀、写出下列动词的过去式：
1.go______
2. enjoy_________
3.teach_______
4.write________
5. have______
6.is(am)_____
7.are_______
8. want_______
9. talk_______ 10.eat________
11.carry________ 12. take________ 13. do______ 14. get_____ 15. catch_______
⼆、⽤所给动词正确形式填空。

1. My mother ________(buy) a lot of postcards yesterday.
2. The twins_________(be) thirteen years old two years ago.
3. I ______ (get) up at half past six this morning.
4. Jim _______(help) an old man carry his bag just now.
5. There ______(be) a King many years ago.
6. Did you ______(have) a test yesterday?
7. I ________(come) to school at seven yesterday.
8. Once he _________(be) a shop assistant.
9. The bat _______(like) sleeping in the day and ______ (fly) out for food at night.
10.---Where does Mr. Lin_______(live)? ---He _______(live) in the USA.
11. Mother always ______(do) some washing after meals.
12.The twins _________ (wear) a pair of glasses every day.
13. A plane always _______(fly) high in the sky.
14.Grandpa usually __________(get) up early in the morning.
15. The two writers __________(visit) each other once a year.
16.I ________(play) football every day.
三、选择填空。

( ) 1. My parents were having supper when I _____ back home.
A. come
B. came
C. coming
D. comes
( ) 2. My sister ____ the Youth League last year.
A. join
B. joins
C. joined
D. joining
( ) 3. Father ______ his coat and went out.
A. put on
B. puts on
C. putted on
D. puted on
( ) 4. The teacher _____ me a question just now.
A. ask
B. asked
C. asking
D. asks
( ) 5. This is my ninth birthday and I _____ eight years old last year.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
( ) 6. Did you ______ a letter to me last month?
A. write
B. writes
C. writing
D. wrote
( ) 7. Mother ______ a story about a hungry wolf yesterday.
A. tell
B. told
C. tells
D. telling
( ) 8. --- What did he do last week?
--- He _______ his grandparents.
A. visits
B. visited
C. is visiting
D. visit
( ) 9. She picked up the apples and ______ it back to the old man.
A. give
B. gives
C. gave
D. is gaving
( ) 10. I ______ to the teacher, but I didn’t ______ her.
A. listen, heard
B. listened, heard
C. listened, hear
D. listen, hear
四、句型转换：
1. They visit us every day.(⽤yesterday 替换every day改写) They ________ ________ yesterday.
2. He arrives late every day. (⽤last Monday 替换every day改写) He __________ _____ ______ ________.
3. I had an English class last Friday.(改为⼀般疑问句)
_______ you _______ an English class last Friday?
4. It rained hard last night.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________
5. They played volley-ball yesterday afternoon.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________。