人教版八年级英语下册Unit8 Section A 4a-4c Grammar focus

She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I haven’t read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？
Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较：
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词
助动词
否定
haven’ t
14. I have already cut down trees and built a house.
We have learned 1,000 English words
_s_i_n_c_e__ we came to this school.
B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
e.g. Have you _e_v_e_r_been to Japan? I have _j_u_s_t_ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _a_lr_e_a_d_y. I haven’t finished my homework _y_e_t_.
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具 体 ( 1).for+的表示过一去段时时间间的。短语
( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher _f_o_r___ a year. He has been at this school _s_in_c_e___ 1992.
book to see what it’s about? 11. But I’ve found the ship and made a
small boat.
【例句】
12. I’ve brought back many things I can use.
13. Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life.
Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic. Yes, I have. I've already finished reading it. It was really good.
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动 作或保存的状态。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作
对现在造成h的a影ve响/或h结as果+，V或过从去过去分开词始一直延续
到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况， 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990， last Sunday 等）。
• 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结 束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
hasn’t
疑问
Have you…? Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,
ever, never, before, several times
现在完成时
moved here havienb2r0e0a4kfast
I’mI sntoiltl hliuvenghreyrenow
不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since … 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。
I have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)
I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)
It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)
4. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示 “从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念, 有时 两者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口语。 在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时, 多用现在 完成时; 如着重表示动作一直在进行, 即动作 的延续性时, 则多用现在完成进行时。 一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于 现在完成时行时。
past
now
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语
连用。I have just had my breakfast. (现在我不饿)
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought
a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。
【例句】 7. Has Tina read Treasure Island? 8. Steve, have you decided yet which book
to write about for English class? 9. I’ve already finished reading it! 10. Have you at least read the back of the
【例句】 1. I haven’t read it yet. 2. Sandy, have you finished the reader yet? 3. 3. Have you read Little Women yet? 4. 4. I’ve already read it. 5. 5. I’ve just finished Oliver Twist and … 6. 6. Have you heard of te for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
动词构成：have/has+v过去分
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
Section A Period 3 4a-4c Grammar focus
To learn the Present perfect tense with already and yet
To learn the new words: fiction, technology, French…
Read the following sentences we have seen.
Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet? Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.
Grammar Focus
Have you read Little Women yet?
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
Have you decided which book to write about yet?
Yes, I have./No, I haven't.
或者说： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.