细胞蜡块制作流程及免疫组化运用

细胞蜡块制作流程及免疫组化运用
In the process of making paraffin blocks for immunohistochemistry, the first step is to fix the tissue samples in formalin. Formalin fixation helps preserve the tissue structure and proteins for analysis. The fixed tissue is then dehydrated in a series of alcohol baths to remove water from the tissue. This is important to ensure optimal infiltration of the tissue with paraffin.
接下来，将固定的组织样本浸泡在蜡中，使其充分渗透。

蜡渗透后，将组织放入模具中，倒入熔化的蜡液，然后将其冷却固化。

这样制成的蜡块可以方便地切片并进行免疫组化染色。

在免疫组化染色过程中，蜡块的切片会被放置在玻片上，接着通过脱脂、脱水和再次脱脂等步骤去除蜡和水分。

The next step involves antigen retrieval, where the tissue sections are heated in a buffer solution to unmask the antigens and improve antibody binding. This step is crucial for successful immunohistochemistry staining. After antigen retrieval, the tissue sections are blocked with a protein solution to minimize nonspecific binding of antibodies. The primary antibody specific to the target
antigen is then applied to the tissue sections and allowed to bind overnight at 4 degrees Celsius.
接着是对组织切片进行染色，首先是涂抹特异性初级抗体，使其与目标抗原结合。

经过冷藏过夜，随后再涂抹生物素标记的二抗，并在适当条件下进行孵育，待其与初级抗体结合。

接下来，加入ABC复合物，它可以结合二抗上的生物素标记，形成复合物，提高抗原的检测灵敏度。

随后，通过显色反应涂抹DAB底物，目标抗原将在DAB的作用下呈棕色。

The stained tissue sections are then counterstained with hematoxylin to visualize cell nuclei. After dehydration and clearing, the slides are coverslipped with mounting media for examination under the microscope. Immunohistochemistry is a powerful technique that allows for the visualization and localization of specific antigens within tissue samples. It is widely used in research and clinical settings for diagnostic and research purposes.
最后，在显微镜下观察组织切片的颜色变化，通过不同颜色的染色反应可以判断目标抗原的表达情况。

免疫组化技术在癌症诊断、药物研发和疾病机制研究等领域发挥着重要作用。

它为医学工作者提供了一个可靠的手段，帮助
他们更深入地了解组织结构和细胞功能。

通过仔细观察和分析免疫组化结果，科研人员能够获取有价值的信息，推动科学研究的进展和临床诊断的提高。

The process of making paraffin blocks and utilizing immunohistochemistry is a meticulous and intricate procedure that requires precision and attention to detail. From tissue fixation to antigen retrieval and staining, each step plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate and reliable results. As technology advances, new methods and reagents are continually being developed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry techniques.
细胞蜡块制作流程及免疫组化运用既是一项科学技术，也是一门艺术，其背后蕴含着医学工作者对细胞和组织结构的深刻理解和尊重。

通过不断努力和实践，充实自己的知识和技能，我们可以更好地利用这一技术手段，为科学研究和医学诊断带来更多的希望和机遇。

希望我们能够保持对免疫组化技术的热情和探索精神，发现更多未知的领域，推动医学领域的发展和进步。