专题35 天气与气候(高考真题 各地模拟题)

备战2022高考考英语完形填空话题分类训练
(高考真题+各地模拟题)
专题35 天气与气候
Passage 1
（2021·上海·模拟预测）Where's winter? A number of countries just witnessed their warmest January ever recorded.
It's not just you — January was ____1____ than usual for many parts of the world.The global temperature last month was warmer than every previous January on record, just
____2____ out the previous record from January 2016, the Copernicus Climate Change Service reported.And in Europe, it was the warmest January ever recorded at 0.2ºC warmer than the previous record in 2007, the European Union's system for ____3____ the Earth said.
The rise is even more ____4____ through the lens of history —____5____ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial years before the 20th century, it was about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer.
Last month, temperatures in Europe were warmer than the 1981-2010 January average, especially over parts of northern Europe, the report said. Some areas were more than 6°C above the average, ____6____ overall, it was 3.1°C warmer than the average January in that time period.It also brought the warmest January day ever recorded in Norway, which saw the second warmest January overall since 1900.And in Central and southern Finland, it was its warmest January recorded since 1961.The heat wave ____7____ to several parts of Russia, too.Temperatures from east of Greenland to the northwest of Svalbard were warmer, and had below-average sea-ice cover.
____8____, last year was 0.59°C warmer than the 1981-2010 average. That's the second warmest year on record. The warmest 12-month period remains October 2015 to September 2016, where it was 0.66°C ____9____ 1981-2010. Those averages are pushing global temperatures ____10____ to red lines set by both climate scientists and world leaders. Scientists have ____11____ that global temperatures should be kept well below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) of ____12____. The international community, as outlined through the Paris Climate Agreement, stated that participating countries would ____13____ to keep global warming limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
But ____14____ with a rise since pre-industrial temperatures, last month's average is
between 1.2 and 1.4 deg C of warming —putting it near the Paris Climate Agreement's
____15____.
1．A．cooler B．rainier C．sunnier D．toastier 2．A．leaving B．edging C．finding D．checking 3．A．improving B．revealing C．monitoring D．changing 4．A．striking B．unique C．common D．realistic 5．A．contrast B．contrary C．subject D．compared 6．A．but B．and C．or D．furthermore 7．A．moved B．occurred C．extended D．stuck 8．A．internally B．globally C．partially D．immediately 9．A．below B．between C．about D．above 10．A．close B．inferior C．limited D．expanded 11．A．assumed B．predicted C．warned D．argued 12．A．declining B．warning C．changing D．decreasing 13．A．object B．contribute C．devote D．strive 14．A．coupled B．littered C．packed D．matched 15．A．regulation B．standard C．ceiling D．norm Passage 2
（2021·广东天河·三模）I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I ____16____ it strongly.
On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very ____17____ at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me.
He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it ____18____ everything away in its way.
“Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the ____19____ of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great ____20____ of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of ____21____. The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth ____22____ entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even ____23____ while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would ____24____ from the world...”
Ignorance made me____25____. I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon—something much more violent, something a thousand times more____26____ than wind or rain—was a(n) ____27____ to the existence of mankind.
____28____ no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases. Wrong as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains. “____29____ typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The ____30____ will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth—he will be better aware of the world he lives in.
16．A．blamed B．refused C．fought D．punished 17．A．excited B．puzzled C．delighted D．encouraged 18．A．frightened B．washed C．swept D．swung 19．A．supply B．shortage C．waste D．amount 20．A．power B．resource C．source D．strength 21．A．time B．wealth C．energy D．warmth 22．A．moves B．relies C．keeps D．holds 23．A．better B．cooler C．hotter D．warmer 24．A．remove B．escape C．move D．disappear 25．A．shortsighted B．anxious C．frightened D．worried 26．A．frightening B．appealing C．disturbing D．exciting 27．A．success B．advantage C．lead D．must 28．A．As B．Since C．While D．When 29．A．What about B．How come C．Even if D．What if 30．A．answers B．theories C．complaints D．phenomena Passage 3
（2021·上海虹口·二模）Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the ___31___ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in ___32___ the paths of storms.
Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms
and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD
(Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network ___33___ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized ___34___ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.
These ___35___ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. ___36___, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.
If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will ___37___ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. ___38___, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is ___39___ when severe weather is around.
On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, ___40___ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your ___41___ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.
When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, ___42___ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado
___43___. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, ___44___ which areas needed to be warned.
Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek ___45___ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.
31．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 32．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 33．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 34．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 35．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 36．A．Most likely B．Most evidently
C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly
37．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 38．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 39．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 40．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 41．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 42．A．straight B．unique C．general D．circular 43．A．process B．threat C．warning D．sign 44．A．indicating B．recognizing C．revealing D．recommending 45．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter Passage 4
（2020·山东）As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to _____46_____ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the _____47_____ of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a _____48_____ death rate.
Climate change also increases the _____49_____ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to _____50_____ , and in some cases, the forests are _____51_____ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also _____52_____ to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as _____53_____ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have _____54_____ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the ______55______ trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, ______56______ the variety of those systems. ______57______ , some endangered species are unable to ______58______ and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller ______59______ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations ______60______ out on the wonders of forests? 46．A．protect B．prevent C．save D．free 47．A．movement B．situation C．process D．operation 48．A．higher B．firmer C．lighter D．smaller 49．A．choice B．measure C．qualification D．chance
50．A．grow B．rescue C．recover D．decline 51．A．ignored B．lost C．hurt D．left 52．A．accessible B．enjoyable C．acceptable D．favorable 53．A．attention B．command C．trust D．support 54．A．frightened B．paid C．ruined D．wasted 55．A．common B．original C．distant D．strong 56．A．affecting B．improving C．forgetting D．reflecting 57．A．Besides B．Surprisingly C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately 58．A．devote B．keep C．adapt D．lead 59．A．due to B．in addition to C．instead of D．in spite of 60．A．pass B．miss C．break D．bring Passage 5
（2020·上海金山·二模）If you like to take a walk in the woods in the United States or you prefer to decorate a tree at Christmas, you should know that climate change is making both of those activities a lot more _____61_____.
Looking at two _____62_____ and economically important species - the Douglas fir and the Ponderosa pine -scientists found that fires and drought ______63______ by climate change make new growth difficult, especially in low-elevation forests, according to a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Some forests in four regions in California, Colorado, the Northern Rockies and the southwestern part of the United States have crossed ''a(n) _____64_____ climate tipping(转折)point for post-fire tree generation, '' the study says.
Climate conditions over the past 20 years have ______65______ changes that would have taken decades or even centuries to _____66_____ across broad regions of the country. This is leading to the sudden ______67______ of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.
''Climate changes is ______68______ our forests now, not just in some distant future. Maybe in areas where there are really ______69______ seed sources, there could be some trees, but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change, '' said study co-author Kim Davis.
The problem probably won't get any better, as climate change is making intense wildfires much more _______70_______. Western foresters say there used to be a fire season.
But devastating and ______71______ fires have become a reality all year long. In 2018, fire cost California more than $9.05 billion, according to the USA insurance commissioner, the deadliest and most destructive wildfires season in the ________72________ history.
A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in these regions won't come back, Davis said. This study _______73_______ on the driest and hottest areas of the Western forests, but researchers will next try to focus on how much will be impacted.
______74______, there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem. Forest management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help. Increasingly, forest managers are considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderate conditions, Davis said, Forest _______75_______.
61．A．convenient B．difficult C．encouraging D．frustrating 62．A．ecologically B．apparently C．physically D．financially 63．A．destroyed B．worsened C．extended D．established 64．A．necessary B．enormous C．critical D．invisible 65．A．accelerated B．delayed C．eliminated D．strengthened 66．A．transform B．spread C．preserve D．escape 67．A．extinction B．decline C．tragedy D．increase 68．A．sustaining B．abandoning C．facilitating D．endangering 69．A．sufficient B．limited C．moderate D．approximate 70．A．occasional B．common C．essential D．temporary 71．A．astonishing B．hopeless C．costly D．irreversible 72．A．world B．state C．human D．forest 73．A．concentrated B．depended C．insisted D．commented 74．A．As a result B．For example C．In fact D．What’s more 75．A．savers B．managers C．researchers D．advocates Passage 6
（2021·上海徐汇·二模）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing __76__ that the world is
becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.
So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which ___77___ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and __78__ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States ___79___ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.
United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and __80__ for the future.
“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is ___81___ for the world,” Ban said in his opening rem arks.
He praised the ___82___ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but __83__ the outcome remained uncertain.
“We are still in a race ___84___ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.
Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to __85__ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels
___86___and transforming vast areas into desert.
“___87___ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is ___88___ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.
Scientists and ___89___ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently___90___ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global w arming. 76．A．applicants B．fears C．observations D．comments 77．A．seeks B．allows C．assumes D．seizes 78．A．institutions B．laboratories C．committees D．factories 79．A．formally B．instantly C．particularly D．generally
80．A．prejudices B．approaches C．visions D．concepts 81．A．spiritual B．historic C．appropriate D．valueless 82．A．agreements B．groups C．headquarters D．emissions 83．A．apologized B．denied C．warned D．overlooked 84．A．against B．on C．for D．without 85．A．avoid B．find C．address D．ignore 86．A．falling B．rising C．disappearing D．remaining 87．A．Until B．Since C．If D．While 88．A．under no circumstances B．on the contrary
C．in no case D．by all means
89．A．officers B．policymakers C．employers D．technicians 90．A．remove B．preserve C．supply D．restore
参考答案：
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．A
5．D
6．A
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

据报道，今年一月份很多地方的气温比有记录以来的每一个一月份都要高。

平均温度上升1.2至1.4摄氏度，接近《巴黎气候协议》设定的上限：1.5摄氏度。

1．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：对世界上许多地方来说，一月比往常更加温暖舒适。

A. cooler 更凉爽的；B. rainier更多雨的；C. sunnier阳光更充足的；D. toastier更温暖舒适的。

根据下一句中的“The global temperature last month was warmer than every previous January on record”可知，一月份比历史上其他同等月份更温暖。

故选D。

2．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：据哥白尼气候变化服务中心报道，上个月的全球气温比有记录以来的每一个一月份都要高，超过了2016年1月的记录。

A. leaving离开；B. edging徐徐移动；C. finding发现，找到；D. checking核对，检查。

根据前面的“warmer”可知，上个月的温度超过了2016年一月份的温度。

edge out意为“胜出，险胜”。

故选B。

3．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：欧盟监测地球的系统称，在欧洲，这是有记录以来最热的一月，比2007年的前记录高出0.2摄氏度。

A. improving提高，改善；B. revealing透露；C. monitoring监视，监听，监测；D. changing改变。

前文介绍了一月份温度的变化趋势，这种变化应该是欧联负责监测地球的系统得出的结论。

故选C。

4．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：从历史的角度看，这种增长更加引人注目。

A. striking显著的，惊人的；B. unique独一无二的；C. common常见的；D. realistic现实的。

根据后文“______ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial years before the 20th century, it was about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer”可知，一月份温度比20世纪前一月份的平均气温高了很多。

因此，这种温度的上升更加引人注目。

故选A。

5．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：从历史的角度来看，这一上升更为引人注目—与20世纪前工业化时代1月份的平均气温相比，上升了约1.4摄氏度(2.7华氏度)。

A. contrast对比，差异；
B. contrary相反的，相对的；
C. subject受……影响的；
D. compared比较的，对照的。

“_______ to the average January temperature in the pre-industrial years b efore the 20th century”作状语，所以排除A选项，而且此处是和20世纪前工业时代一月份的平均气温作比较。

故选D。

6．
考查连词词义辨析。

句意：一些地区比平均水平高出6°C以上，但总体而言，比同期1月的平均水平高出3.1°C。

A. but但是；B. and和，并且；C. or或者；D. furthermore而且。

前一句提到地区温度平均上升6°C。

后一句提总体而言，一月份温度平均上升3.1°C。

前后两句是转折关系。

故选A。

7．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：热浪也蔓延到了俄罗斯的几个地区。

A. moved移动；B. occurred 发生；C. extended延展；D. stuck刺，戳，粘贴。

根据too可知，热浪不仅在芬兰中部和南部出现，而且还蔓延到了俄罗斯的部分区域。

故选C。

8．
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：在全球范围内，去年的温度比1981-2010年的平均温度高0.59°C。

A. internally内部地，国内地；
B. globally全球地；
C. partially部分地，偏袒地；
D.immediately 立即地，马上地。

根据该段中的“global temperatures”可知，该段叙述的是全球温度的变化。

故选B。

9．
考查介词词义辨析。

句意：最热的12个月是2015年10月至2016年9月，比1981-2010年高出0.66°C。

A. below在……下面；B. between在……之间；C. about关于；D. above胜过，高于。

根据该句中的“warmest”可知，最热的12个月是2015年10月至2016年9月。

因此这段时期的温度比1981-2010年的平均值高0.66°C。

故选D。

10．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：这些平均值正将全球气温推近气候科学家和世界领导人设定的红线。

A. close近的，关系密切的；B. inferior差的，下级的；C. limited有限的；D. expanded 扩充的，展开的。

根据语境可知，这些平均值使得全球气温离科学家和世界领导人设定的红线越来越近。

故选A。

11．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：科学家们警告说，全球气温上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。

A. assumed假设，认为；B. predicted预测；C. warned警告；D. argued争论。

根据上文可知，全球气温越来越接近科学家们设定的红线，这是一种危险的趋势。

因此，该句指科学家们“警告说”全球气温应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。

故选C。

12．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：科学家们警告说，全球变暖温度上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。

A. declining下降，减少；B. warning警告；C. changing改变；D. decreasing减少，缩减。

上文介绍的是一月份温度上升的情况。

再结合下一句中的“global warming”可知，科学家们认为全球变暖温度上升应保持在2摄氏度以下。

故选B。

13．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：国际社会通过《巴黎气候协定》表示，参与国将努力将全球变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内。

A. object反对；B. contribute为……做贡献；C. devote致力于，奉献于；D. strive努力，奋斗。

前一句提到，科学家们警告说，全球气温上升应保持在2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)以下。

因此，参与国应努力把全球变暖控制在1.5摄氏度以内。

故选D。

14．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：但再加上工业化前气温的上升，上个月的平均气温上升了1.2至
1.4摄氏度，接近《巴黎气候协议》(Paris Climate Agreement)的上限。

A. coupled成对，组对；
B. littered乱丢；
C. packed打包；
D. matched敌得过，和……匹配。

现在的温度上升再加上
工业化前气温的上升，两者导致个月的平均气温上升了1.2至1.4摄氏度。

coupled with意为“加上，外加”。

故选A。

15．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：但再加上工业化前气温的上升，上个月的平均气温上升了1.2至1.4摄氏度，接近《巴黎气候协议》(Paris Climate Agreement)的上限。

A. regulation规则；B. standard标准；C. ceiling上限，天花板；D. norm标准，规范。

根据倒数第二段中的“participating countries would _______ to keep global warming limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius”可知，《巴黎气候协议》中，温度上升的上限是1.5摄氏度，1.2至1.4摄氏度接近了这个上限。

故选C。

16．A
17．B
18．C
19．B
20．C
21．D
22．B
23．C
24．D
25．A
26．C
27．D
28．A
29．D
30．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

文章讲述了作者总是抱怨风或雨，因为它们给自己造成了不便，直到作者听到气象学家解释台风的重要作用后，才意识到自己目光短浅，认识到台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。

16．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：虽然刮风下雨并没有什么不正常的，但它给我的外出带来了不便，
有时甚至造成了一种糟糕的气氛，所以我强烈地责怪它。

A. blamed责备；B. refused拒绝；
C. fought打架；
D. punished惩罚。

根据上文“it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere”可知糟糕的天气给作者带来了不便，因此作者责怪天气。

故选A。

17．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：在一个下雨天，我遇到一位气象学家，他对我因为下雨给我带来一点不便而大发雷霆很是不解。

A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的，不解的；C. delighted 高兴的；D. encouraged受到鼓舞的。

根据后文“at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me”结合后文气象学家解释下雨的作用，可知气象学家对于作者责备天气感到困惑。

故选B。

18．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我从来没有经历过，当它把一切都卷走的时候，它是多么的势不可挡。

A. frightened使害怕；B. washed清洗；C. swept清扫，席卷；D. swung摇摆。

根据常识和后文“everything away in its way”可知，台风会把一切卷走，sweep away“一扫而空”。

故选C。

19．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。

A. supply供给；B. shortage缺乏；C. waste废物；D. amount数量。

根据后文“fresh water will be more serious”可知没有台风，淡水的短缺会更严重。

故选B。

20．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。

A. power力量；B. resource资源；C. source来源；D. strength力量。

根据后文“of water supply on earth”指台风是地球水供应的来源，应用source。

故选C。

21．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：没有它，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。

A. time时间；B. wealth 财富；C. energy能量；D. warmth温暖，热量。

结合后文提到没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷，可知没有台风，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。

故选D。

22．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：地球上日照最多的赤道地区完全依靠台风来散热。

A. moves移动；B. relies依靠；C. keeps保持；D. holds持有。

根据地理知识和后文“entirely on typhoon to
disperse heat”指赤道地区依靠台风散热，rely符合语境。

故选B。

23．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：如果没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷。

A. better更好的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. hotter更热的；D. warmer更温暖的。

根据后文“while the frigid zones much cold er”可知热带更热，寒带更冷。

故选C。

24．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：结果就是，温带将从世界上消失……A. remove去除；B. escape 逃走；C. move移动；D. disappear消失。

根据上文提到寒带更冷，热带更热和后文“from the world”可知，此处是指温带从世界上消失，disappear符合语境。

故选D。

25．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：无知使我目光短浅。

A. shortsighted目光短浅的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. worried担心的。

结合上文可知作者仅仅因为天气给自己造成了不便就责备天气，没有意识到下雨的重要作用，可见此处指无知使作者目光短浅。

故选A。

26．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。

A. frightening令人恐惧的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. exciting激动的。

根据第一段中“I was always complaining about wind or rain.”可知作者本来抱怨刮风下雨，而台风是比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西。

故选C。

27．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。

A. success成功；B. advantage优势；C. lead领导；
D. must必须的事物。

根据后文“to the existence of mankind”以及上文介绍的台风的作用，可知台风是人类生存所必须的。

故选D。

28．
考查连词词义辨析。

句意：就像世界上没有一条路是平坦的一样，世界上也没有一个人可以随心所欲。

A. As正如，像……一样；B. Since自从；C. While虽然；D. When当……时候。

引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样”应用as。

故选A。

29．
考查固定短语辨析。

句意：如果台风全部消失了怎么办？A. What about怎么样；B. How come 怎么会；C. Even if即使；D. What if假设……将会怎么样。

根据后文“typhoon disappeared all together”可知是在假设台风如果全部消失会怎么样，what if符合语境。

故选D。

30．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：答案会让他保持冷静，引导他更接近真理——他会更好地了解他所生活的世界。

A. answers答案；B. theories理论；C. complaints投诉；D. phenomena现象。

上文“typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?”提出了两个问题，所以此处是指问题的答案。

故选A。

31．A
32．C
33．D
34．B
35．C
36．A
37．D
38．B
39．A
40．C
41．B
42．D
43．C
44．A
45．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加天气预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。

天气雷达技术的进步，尤其是NEXRAD这种雷达体系，能够更准确及时地预报不同程度的天气状况，进而给人们警告，让人们采取适当的防范措施。

31．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加风暴预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。

A. loss 失去；B. increase 增长；C. protection 保护；D. value 价值。

根据
上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.”可知，历史上，许多人死于恶劣天气。

结合此句句意，科学家应该是研究新方法减少生命的损失，故选A。

32．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，这使得预报风暴路径的精确度更高。

A. changing 改变；B. controlling 控制；C. predicting 预测；D. guiding 指导。

根据此句句意可知，天气雷达技术已经取得了进步，所以“预报”的精确度更高，故选C。

33．
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：NEXRAD是一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。

A. faced with 面对；B. exposed to 暴露；C. involved in 包含在……，与……有关；D. made up of 组成。

分析句子结构可知，此空是过去分词作a tracking network的后置定语，结合空后宾语以及选项可知，此处表示“一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络”。

故选D。

34．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在暴风雨中，这个高分辨率的计算机系统读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速。

A. structure 结构；B. system 体系；C. mode 方式，风格；D. style 方式，样式。

上文“Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar).”提到了使用这种被称作NEXRAD的先进的追踪系统，用这个系统，气象学家和科学家已经能够成功地跟踪严重的雷暴和可能的龙卷风，所以此处指的就是这个系统。

故选B。

35．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这些读数被传回当地的气象计算机，屏幕上会出现一幅彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气情况。

A. figures 数字；B. data 数据；C. readings 读数；D. statistics 统计数字。

上文“And dur ing a storm this high-resolution computerized 4 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and
the wind speeds.”提到这种体系读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速这些数据，所以此处指的就是把这些传回当地的气象计算机的读数。

故选C。

36．
考查副词短语辨析。

句意：很有可能，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到电脑模拟的未来风暴的图像。

A. Most likely 很有可能地；B. Most evidently 最明显地；C. Most interestingly 最有趣地；D. Most importantly 最重要地。

副词修饰整句话，根据这句话句意和选项，可知此处表示的是，很有可能，你会在电视上看到电脑模拟的天气图像。

故选A。

37．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局（NWS）将为你所在地区发布严重雷暴警告的恶劣天气报告。

A. decide 决定；B. estimate 估计；C. handle 处理；D. issue 宣布；公布。

根据此句句意以及空后宾语severe weather reports“恶劣天气报告”，可知，此处表示有很严重风暴时，国家气象局会“发布”恶劣天气报告，故选D。

38．
考查介词短语辨析。

句意：如果这样的话，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强大的可读数的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。

A. By the way 顺便说；B. In that case 在那种情况下；如果这样的话；C. To some extent 在某种程度上；D. On the contrary 正相反。

根据上文“If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 7severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，雷达可以监测风暴情况，如果有严重的风暴，国家气象局就会发布严重风暴的天气报告，如果这样的话，这些报告会预测风暴将会引起怎样的风以及闪电，也就是通过雷达技术，会预测到风暴会产生的强风的风力和风速（就是readable winds可读数的风，也就是可测风力和风向的风)和闪电（就是detectable lightning 可检测的闪电）。

故选B。

39．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：当恶劣天气来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的。

A. vital 重要的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. normal 正常的；D. available 可使用的，有空的。

根据此句句意可知，此处表示，严重风暴来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的，这会让你清楚风暴的具体
情况，进而做出合适的应对。

故选A。

40．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：在电视屏幕上，你会看到降水图上有几种颜色，从蓝色（最轻）到黑色（最重）。

A. expanding 扩大，增加；B. spreading 展开，打开；C. ranging (在一定的范围内)变化，变动；D. extending 延伸。

根据空前句意，你可以看到降水图上的几种颜色，以及空后“from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest)”可知，此处表示的是这些颜色的变化范围。

故选C。

41．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：如果你所在的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请小心。

A. proper 合适的；B. specific 特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular 规则的，定期的。

根据此句句意可知，此处表示的是你所在的特定区域。

故选B。

42．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：今年早些时候，当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地天气雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。

A. straight 直的；B. unique 独一无二的；C. general 普遍的，总的；D. circular 圆形的，环形的。

根据下文“the Nati onal Weather Service issued a tornado13”可知，气象局发布的龙卷风警报，既然是龙卷风，应该是环形风。

故选D。

43．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：参见上题。

A. process 过程；B. threat 威胁；C. warning 警告；
D. sign 指示牌；迹象。

根据此句句意，雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时。

由此可知，国家气象局应会根据这些迹象，发布龙卷风警告。

故选C。

44．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴将经过的路径，指出哪些地区需要预警。

A. indicating 表明，指出；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. revealing 揭示，显示；D. recommending 推荐。

根据空前“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data。