Russian National Museum俄罗斯博物馆

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俄羅斯國立
艾爾米塔日博物館Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
世界四大博物館之一的
這個大廳是冬宮主樓梯、也是博物館的正門
The Jordan Staircase in the lobby of the Winter Palace also serves as the main entrance for the museum
博物館現包括五座建築物︰冬宮、小艾爾米塔日、舊艾爾米塔日、新艾爾米塔日和艾爾米塔日劇院。

The museum consists of 5 main
buildings:
The Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage, the Great (old) Hermitage, the New Hermitage and the Hermitage
Theatre.
這個大廳是新艾爾米塔日的主樓梯The grand staircase in the lobby of the
New Hermitage
葉卡捷琳娜二世女皇Empress Catherine II (1729-1796

博物館的主體建築冬宮
該館最早是葉卡特琳娜二世女皇的私人博物館。

1764年,葉
卡捷琳娜二世從柏林購進倫伯朗、魯本斯等人的250幅繪畫,
存放在冬宮的艾爾米塔日(法語,意為“隱宮”),該館由
此而得名。

The Winter Palace was originally Catherine II …s private
museum. In 1764, Catherine II acquired 250 paintings by
Rembrandt and Rubens from Berlin and stored them in the
museum. Catherine christened it the Hermitage, a name
used by her predecessor Tsaritsa Elizabeth to describe her
private rooms within the palace.
沙皇時期的1852年已開辟為對外開放的公眾博物館。

十月革命後,將原來宮廷房舍和整
個冬宮撥給艾爾米塔日,1922年正式建立國立艾爾米塔日博物館。

The New Hermitage was opened to the public on 5 February 1852.After the October Revolution in 1917, the Winter Palace and the Hermitage are declared state museums. In 1922, it becomes
the State Hermitage Museum officially.
新艾爾米塔日建築的正門年輕人喜愛在這裡慶賀婚禮New Hermitage‟s main entrance , a favourite place for wedding photos.門廳的男像柱Portico with Atlantes
博物館共分八個部分︰
原始文化,古希臘、羅馬部、東方民族文化部,俄羅斯文化史部,古錢幣部,西歐藝術部,從事導遊工作的科學教育部和作品修復部。

這是新艾爾米塔日主樓梯廊,兩側陳列的大理石雕像是十八到十九世紀的作品。

The eight main departments of the Hermitage are:
Prehistoric Art, Ancient Greece and Rome, the Oriental, Russian Culture, Numismatics, Western European Art, Educational and the Department of Scientific Restoration & Conservation. This is the main corridor of the New Hermitage which housed marble sculptures
from the 18th& 19th century.
8個部門共有藏品近300萬件,其中,有1.5萬幅繪畫,1.2萬件雕塑,60萬幅線條畫作品,100萬塊硬幣和証,22.4萬件古代家具、瓷器、金銀製品、寶石與象牙工藝品等。

這些工藝品陳列在350多個展廳中,如畢加索立體畫展廳,意、法畫家展廳,俄國歷代服裝展廳等。

The eight departments have a total collection of close to 3 millions items. Of which, there are 15K paintings, 12K sculptures, 60K works of graphic art, 1 million numismatics, 22K antique furniture, porcelain, gold & silverwares, gems and ivory objects. These art objects are being displayed throughout the 350 rooms.
一樓的尤庇忒耳廳中陳列古希臘、羅馬石雕
The First Room of Most Recent Sculptures in the New Hermitage
喬治廳──沙皇寶座廳
The Throne Dais in the St. George Hall of the Winter Palace
金色的亞歷山大廳
The Alexander Hall in the Winter Palace
博物館前廳裡的大理石雕像
特裡斯柯爾尼
十八世紀末自古代作品仿製
《睡著的阿麗安娜》
“ Sleeping Ariadne” Replica of
an ancient Roman stature 《拉奧孔》”Laocoon and His Sons” -
Replica of the 20 BC Roman Statue
十八世紀末自古代作品仿製
皇宮的軍人廳
The War Gallery of 1812,
Winter Palace
大廳保持著帝國時期的原貌,牆上掛滿貴族軍官的畫像,正面牆上的肖像是“戰勝拿破崙的英雄”
─亞歷山大一世全身像。

“Equestrian Portrait of Alexander I”
by Franz Kruger 1837
(German 1797-1857)
The Council Staircase of the Great Hermitage
Room of Italian Art of the 13th to Early 15th Century in the Great Hermitage
The Leonardo da Vinci Room in the Great Hermitage
位於小艾爾米塔日的“展示廳”是由原先的四個小廳改建的,在博物館的建築中佔據突出的地位。

The Pavilion Hall in the Small Hermitage. The Small Hermitage is a link between the magnificent Baroque building of the Winter Palace and the splendid constructions of the age of Classicism -the Great Hermitage
and the New Hermitage.
大廳地面上的馬賽克鑲嵌畫是義
大利原作的複製品
Floor mosaic in the Pavilion Hall
of the Small Hermitage
“展示廳”裡的金孔雀、金公雞自鳴鐘是由
英國工匠約翰‧考克斯於18世紀70年代設計
製作的,至今可以展翅昂首鳴叫報時。

“The Peacock Clock” on display in the
Pavilion Hall was designed and built by
British artisan James Cox in the 1770s.
《洗浴的阿佛洛迪忒(維納斯)》“Aphrodite and Eros (Venus)”
《尤庇忒耳(宙斯)》Statue of Zeus
過廳裡陳列的2000多年前的神話題材深浮雕
“Sarcophagus Panel: the Fall of Phaeton”
Ancient Rome. 2nd century
《受刑的馬爾西阿斯》“Marsyas”
Roman copy from a Greek original
Ancient Rome. 1st century
古羅馬時期對希臘原作的仿製品
古埃及木乃伊芳木棺槨、
石棺和石像Ancient Egyptian mummy, coffin and statue
Ancient Egyptian pottery, coins and porcelain
冬宮裡的十七世紀法蘭西工藝美術品展廳
Room of French Art from the 17th Century in the Winter Palace
俄國十三世紀軍事統帥亞歷山大‧涅夫斯基(1220-1263)銀棺. 由造幣宮於1750-1753年
用純銀鑄造,重90普特─ 約1480公斤。

The silver tomb for Alexander Nevsky (1220-1263), best known for stopping the advance of the Swedes and the German into Russia, during the 13th century.
寶座廳的十字拱屋頂和“拉斐爾長廊”的圓拱屋頂The Treasure Gallery & The Raphael Loggias in the New Hermitage
Gear-cutting and milling machine, 1721
早期的以人工作動力的簡單機床和木座機床Early manual wooden machine tool
玉樽,配包金青銅,
1827-1831製作
木柜、石雕和玉樽
博物館裡保留著許多原來皇宮裡的家具用品。

這些用品中蘊含著豐富的文化訊息。

Furniture , statue preserved from the Imperial Palace
俄國十八世紀的服飾和家具
Russian furniture and costume from the 18th century
模仿羅馬梵諦岡博物館而修建的“拉斐爾長廊”
The Raphael Loggias are a copy of the famous Gallery created in the 16th century in the Vatican Palace by the architect Donato Bramante.
佛蘭德廳裡的大幅畫作用高超的繪畫技巧表現漁獵斬獲物
Room of Dutch & Flemish Art contains works by masters of animal painting and still life.
佛蘭德(地跨現荷、比、盧等國)廳中有許多傑出畫家的精品畫作,使觀眾流連Room of Dutch & Flemish Art display works of 17th century Artists.
瑪麗婭‧亞歷山大洛芙娜皇后
1857年
弗朗索瓦‧克薩維埃‧“Portrait of Empress Maria Alexandrovna” 1857
by
Winterhalter, Franz Xaver
(Germany 1805-1873)
溫特哈爾特
《藍衣女士》“Woman in Blue”
by Gainsborough,
Thomas (England 1727-1788)
托馬斯‧庚斯博羅(1727-1788 )
《水與土的結合》
“ Union of Earth and Water”
by
Rubens, Pieter Paul (Dutch)皮特‧保爾‧魯本斯
(1577─1640 )
《嬌慣的孩子》
“Spoiled Child”
by
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste
(France 1725-1805)讓‧巴提斯特‧格廖茲
《德累斯頓的新市場廣場》貝拉納多‧ 貝羅托(1720-1780)“Neumarkt in Dresden“ by Bellotto, Bernardo (Italy 1720-1780)
精細畫派的靜物寫生
《葡萄水果寫生》“Still Life with Grapes”
by
Utrecht, Adriaen van
安德裡安‧凡(Flemish 1599-1652)
銀質酒缸1734年倫敦鑄造夏天用以貯存葡萄酒可以使酒降溫Wine Cooler , Kaendler, Charles, I Britain, London 1734
烏釉陶器廳
Display of Majolica
tin-glazed pottery
石雕
海豚背上的逝童
“Dead boy on a dolphin”
by Lorenzo Lorenzetti
(Italy 1490-1541)
冬宮地面全部是華貴
而堅實的鑲木地板
安多尼斯的犧牲朱澤培安佐爾“Death of Adonis”
by Giuseppe Mazzuoli (Italy 1644-1725)亮廳裡陳列的繪畫、石雕和精美工藝品
古代的武士盔甲和盾牌Ancient armour & Shield
騎士廳
The Knight’s Hall 古代武士的人馬盔甲
Ancient Horse Armour
義大利文藝復興藝壇三傑之一─ 達芬奇(1452 -
1519 ) 《聖母與聖子》(莉達聖母)
“Madonna Litta”Leonardo DA VINCI (Italy 1452-1519)
Raphael
(Italy 1483-1520)
義大利文藝復興藝壇三傑
之一拉斐爾(1483-1520

《聖母與聖子》
“Conestabile Madonna”
石雕《蜷曲身體的男孩》“Crouching Boy”
義大利文藝復興藝壇三傑之一米凱朗基羅(1475-1564 )
Michelangelo
(Italy 1475-1564)
大幅油畫
《浪子回頭》“The Return of The Prodigal Son”
倫勃朗(荷)
Rembrant (Holland 1606~1669 )
《達娜依》倫勃朗
“Danae”
by Rembrandt
(Holland 1606~1669 )對於這幅傑作向來爭議頗多。

1985年曾遭到嚴重損害︰被一名男子潑洒濃硫
酸並劃了兩刀。

經過專家12年的悉心工作才得修復
In 1985, a man threw sulfuric acid on the canvas and cut it twice with his
knife. It took 12 years of painstaking efforts to restore the painting.
讓娜‧ 撒瑪麗肖像(1878 )“Portrait of the Actress Jeanne Samary”
奧格斯特‧ 雷諾瓦
(法France1841-1919)
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
阿爾勒的夫人們(1888)梵‧ 谷(1853~1890)後印象派代表
“Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles)” Gogh, Vincent van (Dutch 1853-1890)
大幅油畫《舞蹈》馬蒂斯(法1869~1954 )野獸主義的代表
“Dance” by Matisse, Henri (France 1869-1954)
喜喝苦艾酒的女人“Absinthe Drinker”吉他和小提琴“Guitar and Violin”
畢加索(西)(1881-1937)立體派創始人
Picasso, Pablo (Spain 1881-1937)
大理石雕《皮格瑪利翁與嘉拉泰》
“Pygmalion and Galatea”
by Pietro Stagi
彼特羅‧斯塔基
(Italy 1754-1814)
皮格瑪利翁──希臘神話中的賽普勒斯王,善雕刻。

因熱戀自己雕刻的少女石像而感動愛神,使石像復活,兩人結為夫妻Pygmalion, a legendary king of Cyprus, fell in love with the sculpture he crafted. Moved by his passion, the goddess Venus changed the sculpture to a real woman and united the couple in marriage.
伽尼墨得斯
美少年,宙斯的酒童“Ganymede” by Thorvaldsen, Bertel (Albert)
Denmark. After 1816
波特爾‧托瓦爾岑(Denmark 1770-1844)。

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