七选五讲义

七选五讲义
一、考点：主旨概括句、过渡句、上下文逻辑
二、解题步骤：
1)快速阅读全文要点词句，了解大意
但是由于文章中空缺了五处，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。

如果感觉困难而且收获不大，可直接进入第二步，即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。

2)边读边做题，先易后难
重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。

做题时可以采用代入排除法。

如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。

至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。

3)重新阅读相关词句
重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题，此时可将选出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。

同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑。

如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。

三、解题技巧
1、细节类
（1）词汇复现
复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。

复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。

例1：
During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. …
D. There were many difficult questions
例2：
There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the p rocess is difficult and requires courage….
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people
题1：
…By 2020,Dr. David Davis believes ,car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road,whatever the weather conditions,by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen._______Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar(牵引杠）to the car in front to form “road—trains”.
A.Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.
B.The car will automatically speed up,or slow down,to match the speed of the car in
front.
C.And it will not be owned by one individual.
D.And by 2030,cars will travel in line,linked to each other electronically.
答案：D
题2：
….half of shoppers refused to queue for more than five minutes in a high street shop.
The Internet,which allows shoppers to buy more goods,with just a click of the mouse,is one of the reason why people’s patience appears to be thin._________
A.It was typical in the past.
B. But it would seem we are no longer
prepared to wait in line.
C.More people prefer to click the mouse for
shopping at home
D. As a result,food and drink sellers are
having to find new ways to deliver good
customer service.
答案：C
题3：
On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world.______Those disadvantages include expense,time away from one’s school,family,…
A.The following are its advantages.
B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.
C.Consider a distance education.
D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.
答案：B
（2）语义相近
在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。

例1：
Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.
例2：
The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ___71___ It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.
C. Music is playing in the background.
例3：
Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. ___72___
C. The music gives them extra energy.
例4：
If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ___73___
F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
例5：
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzakdoes what it is designed to do.
Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. ___74___ Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more
例6：
___75___ They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!
A. Some people don't like Muzak.
（3）代词线索
代词的作用是用来指代前面面提及的名词或句子。

例1：
Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:
(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives.72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
答案：f
题1：
._________It is a very happy day for many boys and girls.Before the terms ends in some schools,the children act a nativity（基督诞生）or “birth” play,showing how Jesus was born in a stable(马厩）。

A.Peopleare often busy going shopping
B.Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas.
C. The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten.
D.Christmas Day falls on the twenty—fifty of December.
答案：D
题2：
That happens in the 1980s. And, most recently, she says many kinds of people have joined the movement.________They represent many races,regions and political beliefs.
A.They are mainly rich people
B.Parents choose home—schooling for several reasons.
C.Most often,their parents are their teachers.
D.She says these include rich people and poor people.
答案：D
（4）逻辑关系
并列与递进关系：and, also, further, moreover, what’s more, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also, firstly, secondly, thirdly…. 等;
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等；
转折与让步关系：however, nevertheless, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, otherwise, while, rather than, even if, despite, fortunately等。

例1：
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
答案：D
_________ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents….
A. So a number of parents began home-schooling
B. Home –schooling is not accepted by all the people
C. Parents choose home –schooling for several reasons
D.Most often, their parents are their teachers
答案：C
例2：
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.
74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you
答案：G
This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired ._______However,coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake….
A. So, what’s a good sleep?
B. A bedtime drink can also help
C. Having a good sleep will keep you
lively the whole day.
答案：B
例3：
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.
D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.
答案：F
2、篇章结构类
如果空格在段首或为段落标题
通常是段落主题句。

认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。

关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

如果空格在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。

注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

如果空格是一整个自然段
通常是承上启下的句子。

要特别关注前后段的内在联系和逻辑关系。

例1：
73 When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
A. Show your true interest.
B. Restate the question with respect.
C. Some ideas can be quite concrete
答案：A
题：
_____ Every day ,when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework,sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture,and putting everything in order. She seems to be busy all the time. … Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself,but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.
A. she enjoys listening to class music.
B.She never goes to expensive restaurants to
enjoy meals.
C. My mother is hard—working and never
wastes money.
D. As a mother,she takes good care of us and
gives us every comfort.
答案：C
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73
The following methods may work best for you.
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
●Write your notes in your own words.
●74
●Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.75
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
答案：GEFAD
分析：这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构。

第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。

On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, ZengDemei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy street．In his hand is a black leather bag．Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms．71_____.
Each of the forms contains detailed information of a student．On his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waiting．They are the two village officials．They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls．72 _____ ? "It’s a pity but it doesn't matter．" says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju．
After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brick．A middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet them．Su Qiuju is eight years old．She was forced to drop out of school after both her parents died．She is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own children's education．However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one．73 _____．When they are about to leave, Zeng says, "I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education．" Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schooling．Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the
local women's organization to help students from poor families．74 _ His task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors and others to donate money．"To me, children's education is the most important．75 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in September．"
When asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the community's guardian angel, he has a simple reply．" Not until my eyes can't see, and my feet can't move．" A．They were having problems with their schoolwork
B．These are for the two girls he's going to visit this morning
C．They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home
D．She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifully
E．The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I can't get to sleep at night
F．Of course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much trouble
G．He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ?that he donated all his money to help out a girl
解析：71题空前为Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms．关键词two forms 正确选项B．These are for the two girls he's going to visit this morning中的these，he 与上面名词forms, Zeng对应。

72. They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls．72 _? "It’s a pity but it doesn't matter．空前的girls，空后it’s a p ity与选项C．They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home中得they, only one of the girls 对应。

73. However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one．73．空前的Su Qiuju和选项D．She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifully中的She对应，而且successful和talent对应。

74. Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local women's organization to help students from poor families．74空前的Zeng，poor families 和G选项He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ，that he donated all his money to help out a girl中的He，poor对应。

75"To me, children's education is the most important．75 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in September．"注意标点符号“”内的人称都是I,所以与E．The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I can't get to sleep at night中得人称匹配。

【2012年全国新课标卷】
Money Matters
Parents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
1. The basic function of money
Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier (收银员). 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.
2. Money lessons
Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”
3. 74
Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product— a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)，for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. . 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.
A.Wise decisions
B.The value of money
C.Permit the child to choose between them.
D.Tell your child why he can —or cannot — have certain things.
E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you
F.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.
G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.
答案：GFDAC
【2010北京】
Muzak
The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 It’s similar to the music you listen to, but it’s not exactly the same. That’s because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don’t even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.
Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don’t want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzakdoeswhat it is designed to do.
Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
75 . They say it’s boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!
A. Some people don’t like Muzak.
B. The music gives them extra energy.
C. Music is playing in the background.
D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.
E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
阅读技巧：1. 找说明对象(Muzak) 2. 找文章讲了说明对象的那些方面。

答题技巧：第一年出题果然不难，7选5只有74题稍难，其余4空都可以根据相邻句子间的指代关系、因果关系、并列关系，较容易地选出正确答案。

71. C
王道：看前后邻句。

找不到再扩大范围找。

此题，前句没看头，看后句：It’s similar to the music you listen to…捉住主语it及它对应的music，从7个句子中选出唯一用music开头的C句。

72. B
同样用指代的原则。

前句when people are more tired. 根据指代原则，确定答案在B和F里面：B. The music gives them extra energy.
F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. F明显不符合文章发展，提钱，俗！选B
73. F
利用因果关系
前句Why？其他人高兴什么？钱啊！从剩下的A, D, E, F里找原因，只能找出“钱”来。

74. D
这是唯一单纯看一句话找不出答案的题，也是5题中最难的题。

利用并列关系。

前一句描述tired office workers，后一句描述supermarket shoppers，后句出现Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 由此推断D为正确答案。

Factory workers produce 13 percent more. 主语和百分数都是一一对应关系。

75. A
利用并列原则，后面有But other people enjoy hearing…，故选择A. Some people don’t like Muzak. 这是送分题。